徐瑩穎,王正兵,李超
(江蘇省揚(yáng)州大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院,江蘇 揚(yáng)州 225001)
FAS在結(jié)直腸癌組織與血清中的表達(dá)及與臨床分期關(guān)系的探討
徐瑩穎,王正兵,李超
(江蘇省揚(yáng)州大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院,江蘇 揚(yáng)州 225001)
目的 通過觀察FAS在結(jié)直腸癌組織與血清中的表達(dá)及其與臨床分期關(guān)系,探討FAS對(duì)評(píng)估結(jié)直腸癌預(yù)后的臨床意義。方法選擇經(jīng)病理確診的結(jié)直腸癌患者90例,對(duì)其癌組織與癌周組織,分別進(jìn)行免疫組織化學(xué)檢測(cè)和RT-PCR檢測(cè),比較FAS在癌組織與癌周組織中的不同表達(dá);采用ELISA方法檢測(cè)患者血清FAS和CEA水平,分析FAS與CEA的相關(guān)性;并選擇同期體檢的健康者90例,比較結(jié)直腸癌患者與健康者血清FAS水平的差異;根據(jù)以上90例結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后病理診斷與臨床檢查進(jìn)行臨床分期,分析血清FAS水平與臨床分期的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果免疫組織化學(xué)檢測(cè):FAS在癌組織中的表達(dá)遠(yuǎn)高于癌周組織中的表達(dá),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);RT-PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果提示FAS在結(jié)直腸癌組織及癌周組織中的含量差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);血清ELISA檢測(cè):結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平均顯著高于健康者;結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平與其血清CEA水平具有相關(guān)性;結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平隨著臨床分期的增加而增加,兩者之間呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.883,P<0.01);結(jié)論FAS在結(jié)直腸癌患者癌組織及血清中均高表達(dá),且與臨床分期呈正相關(guān)性,提示FAS高表達(dá)預(yù)示著結(jié)直腸癌具有較高的侵襲性且患者預(yù)后不良,F(xiàn)AS對(duì)評(píng)判結(jié)直腸癌的生物學(xué)行為與預(yù)后具有一定的臨床價(jià)值。
FAS;結(jié)直腸癌;臨床分期;預(yù)后
結(jié)直腸癌屬于消化道常見腫瘤,2012年世界衛(wèi)生組織國(guó)際癌癥研究中心(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)研究統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示全球范圍內(nèi)約有140萬結(jié)直腸癌新發(fā)病例,發(fā)病率次于肺癌與乳腺癌而居第3位,因此結(jié)直腸癌的診治越來越受到臨床醫(yī)師的重視。目前,對(duì)于結(jié)直腸癌的確診多采取內(nèi)窺鏡檢查后經(jīng)病理活檢確診的方式,臨床治療多采取手術(shù)治療加術(shù)后化療的措施,大多數(shù)結(jié)直腸癌患者就診時(shí)已非處于早期階段,因而對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌患者進(jìn)行有效的預(yù)后評(píng)估與術(shù)后監(jiān)測(cè)則具有十分重要的臨床意義。脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,F(xiàn)AS)是目前臨床研究的熱點(diǎn),已被證實(shí)在結(jié)直腸癌在內(nèi)的多種惡性腫瘤中過表達(dá),其在腫瘤組織的侵襲與轉(zhuǎn)移的過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用,是評(píng)估惡性腫瘤預(yù)后的重要指標(biāo)之一[1]。相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,F(xiàn)AS上調(diào)后導(dǎo)致的高表達(dá)可導(dǎo)致惡性腫瘤侵襲性增強(qiáng),提示惡性腫瘤預(yù)后不良[2-5]。作者利用免疫組織化學(xué)檢測(cè)、RTPCR及雙抗體夾心酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)方法,探討FAS在結(jié)直腸癌患者中的表達(dá)情況,旨在探討FAS對(duì)評(píng)估結(jié)直腸癌預(yù)后的臨床意義,以提高臨床診治水平,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1 臨床資料 選擇2013年1月~2016年2月期間儀征市人民醫(yī)院與湖北赤壁市人民醫(yī)院住院接受治療的結(jié)直腸癌患者90例,入選患者均經(jīng)術(shù)前病理確診,術(shù)后經(jīng)病理診斷明確Dukes分期,具有完善的臨床資料,且均為原發(fā)性結(jié)直腸癌患者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):高級(jí)別上皮內(nèi)瘤變者;其他部位或臟器原發(fā)腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移至結(jié)直腸的患者。其中男性53例,女性37例;年齡47~82歲,平均(64.9±7.8)歲;體質(zhì)量52.3~77.8 kg,平均(67.2±9.7)kg;依據(jù)術(shù)后病理診斷與Dukes分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn):A期15例(16.7%),B期21例(23.3%),C期41例(45.6%),D期13例(14.4%);依據(jù)肉眼分型:蕈傘型19例(21.1%),潰瘍型39例(43.3%),浸潤(rùn)型22例(24.4%),膠樣型10例(11.1%);依據(jù)病理分級(jí):1級(jí)20例(22.2%),2級(jí)36例(40.0%),3級(jí)23例(25.6%),4級(jí)11例(12.2%)。
1.2 檢測(cè)方法 (1)免疫組織化學(xué)檢測(cè)和RT-PCR檢測(cè),比較FAS在癌組織與癌周組織中的不同表達(dá);(2)采用ELISA方法檢測(cè)90例結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS和CEA水平,分析FAS與CEA的相關(guān)性;并選擇同期體檢的健康者90例,比較結(jié)直腸癌患者與健康者血清FAS水平的差異;(3)根據(jù)以上90例結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后病理診斷與臨床檢查進(jìn)行臨床分期,分析血清FAS水平與臨床分期的相關(guān)性。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)采用“±s”表示,組間比較予以t檢驗(yàn),同時(shí)行Spearman等級(jí)相關(guān)性分析,以P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 免疫組化檢測(cè) FAS在90例結(jié)直腸癌組織中免疫組化評(píng)分為(8.62±2.83)分,F(xiàn)AS在90例結(jié)直腸癌周組織中免疫組化評(píng)分為(2.84±0.97)分,兩組比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=6.306,P<0.01),提示FAS在癌組織中的表達(dá)遠(yuǎn)高于癌周組織中的表達(dá)。見圖1。
圖1 FAS在結(jié)直腸癌組織和癌周組織中的表達(dá)結(jié)果(10×20)Figure 1 Expression of FAS in colorectal carcinoma and peritoneal tissue(10×20)
2.2 RT-PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果 FAS在結(jié)直腸癌組織及癌周組織中RT-PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果分別是(1.46±0.23)和(0.62±0.11),組間比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=5.927,P<0.01),RT-PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果提示FAS在結(jié)直腸癌組織及癌周組織中的含量有明顯差異。見圖2。
圖2 FAS在結(jié)直腸癌旁組織及結(jié)直腸癌組織中的表達(dá)Figure 2 FAS in colorectal cancer adjacent tissues and expression in colorectal cancer tissues
2.3 結(jié)直腸癌患者與健康者血清FAS水平比較 結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平為(18.31±2.11)mg/L,健康者血清FAS水平為(5.23±1.33)mg/L,組間比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t= 16.553,P<0.01),提示結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平均顯著高于健康者。
2.4 結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平與CEA水平及臨床相關(guān)性分析 結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平為(18.31±2.11)mg/L,血清CEA水平為(46.6±12.4)μg/mL,血清FAS水平與血清CEA水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.867,P<0.01);結(jié)直腸癌患者血清
FAS水平隨著臨床分期的增加而增加,兩者之間呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.883,P<0.01),提示結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平與其血清CEA水平具有相關(guān)性,而臨床上血清CEA是作為監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)直腸癌患者預(yù)后的常用指標(biāo)。見圖3。
圖3 結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平與CEA水平及臨床相關(guān)性Figure 3 Colorectal cancer patients serum level of FAS and CEA level and clinical relevance
FAS是脂肪酸合成過程中的關(guān)鍵酶,具有在脂肪酸合成過程中促進(jìn)小分子碳單位聚合成長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪酸的作用[6],F(xiàn)AS是唯一能夠在細(xì)胞內(nèi)合成長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪酸的蛋白酶,該酶位于細(xì)胞的胞漿內(nèi),以小分子碳單位為底物,F(xiàn)AS在正常組織內(nèi)低表達(dá)[7]。但正常組織發(fā)生惡性變時(shí),由于惡變的腫瘤組織生長(zhǎng)旺盛,其對(duì)脂肪酸與某些脂質(zhì)的需求量激增,導(dǎo)致惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)FAS處于過表達(dá)狀態(tài),顯示細(xì)胞內(nèi)酶轉(zhuǎn)錄加快,對(duì)惡性腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)具有重要意義。同時(shí)FAS表達(dá)增強(qiáng)不僅能夠?yàn)閻盒阅[瘤細(xì)胞提供能量需求,能為惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖提供所需的固醇類化合物與磷脂。目前的臨床相關(guān)研究提示,F(xiàn)AS除了其產(chǎn)物脂肪酸能夠?yàn)閻盒阅[瘤細(xì)胞的生存與增殖提供物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),還參與了惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)的信號(hào)通路傳導(dǎo),對(duì)惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展具有重要的調(diào)控作用[8]。通常情況下FAS在正常組織內(nèi)均呈低表達(dá)狀態(tài),而在惡性腫瘤組織中表達(dá)激增,在結(jié)直腸癌患者癌組織與血清中表達(dá)均明顯上調(diào),顯示了結(jié)直腸癌患者體內(nèi)整個(gè)脂肪酸合成通路的活性均明顯上調(diào)[9-10]。最新臨床研究顯示,結(jié)直腸癌患者體內(nèi)FAS高表達(dá)除了導(dǎo)致脂肪酸與某些脂質(zhì)合成異常外,也與惡性腫瘤的預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。如患者術(shù)后容易出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移、無病生存時(shí)間縮短等,因而其正被越來越多的用到結(jié)直腸癌患者預(yù)后評(píng)估與動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)中。
本研究通過免疫組織化學(xué)檢測(cè)可以得出,F(xiàn)AS在90例結(jié)直腸癌組織中免疫組化評(píng)分為(8.62±2.83)分,在這90例癌周組織中免疫組化評(píng)分為(2.84±0.97)分,F(xiàn)AS在癌組織中的表達(dá)遠(yuǎn)高于癌周組織中的表達(dá)(t=6.306,P<0.01);RTPCR檢測(cè)提示FAS在結(jié)直腸癌組織及癌周組織中檢測(cè)結(jié)果分別是(1.46±0.23)和(0.62±0.11),提示FAS在結(jié)直腸癌組織及癌周組織中的含量有明顯差異(t=5.927,P<0.01)。因而通過免疫組織化學(xué)檢測(cè)與RT-PCR檢測(cè)可以得出,F(xiàn)AS在結(jié)直腸癌組織中的表達(dá)遠(yuǎn)高于在癌周組織中的表達(dá)。通過對(duì)FAS在結(jié)直腸癌血清中的表達(dá)的檢查可以得出,結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平(18.31±2.11)mg/L遠(yuǎn)高于健康者血清FAS水平(5.23±1.33)mg/L,組間比較差異具有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=16.553,P<0.01),同時(shí)結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平與血清CEA水平呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.867,P<0.01),結(jié)直腸癌患者血清FAS水平隨著臨床分期的增加而增加,兩者之間呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.883,P<0.01)。
綜上所述,結(jié)直腸癌組織及患者血清中FAS水平與臨床分期同步變化,提示FAS可以作為評(píng)估腫瘤侵襲性的標(biāo)志物,用于跟蹤結(jié)直腸癌的進(jìn)展。組織中FAS檢測(cè)適用于手術(shù)后腫瘤標(biāo)本的檢查,血清FAS的檢測(cè)適用于腫瘤根治性手術(shù)后的動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè),可作為評(píng)估結(jié)直腸癌預(yù)后的指標(biāo)之一。本研究為進(jìn)一步評(píng)估FAS作為腫瘤標(biāo)志物的可行性建立了基礎(chǔ)。
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The clinical discussion:expression of FAS in colorectal carcinoma tissues and relationship with clinical staging about expression in serum
Xu Ying-ying,Wang Zheng-bin,Li Chao
(Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu,225001,China)
Objective Expression of FAS in colorectal carcinoma tissues and relationshi.Investigate the association between colorectal carcinoma tissues and serum levels of FAS in patients with colorectal cancer and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer.Explore the clinical significance of FAS to evaluate prognosis of colorectal cancer.MethodsSelect 90 patients with colorectal cancer that confirmed by pathology,select those patients'cancer tissue and peritumoral tissue,compare the expression of FAS in cancer tissues and peritumoral tissues by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR;The levels of FAS and CEA in 90 patients with colorectal cancer were detected by ELISA in serum,analyze the correlation between FAS and CEA,choose 90 healthy person in the same period,compare the levels of FAS in serum in colorectal cancer patients and healthyperson;90 colorectal cancer patients'clinical staging were confirmed according to the pathological diagnosis and clinical examination,analyze the relationship with clinical staging about its expression in serum.ResultsImmunohistochemical staining,In the two groups(t=6.306,P<0.01),the difference was highly statistically significant.RT-PCR:FAS RT-PCR results the difference was statistically significant(t=5.927,P<0.01);RT-PCR results showed that FAS in colorectal cancer tissue and pericancerous tissue was significantly different;Serum ELISA test:the difference was statistically significant(t=16.553,P<0.01);It suggested that serum FAS level in patients with colorectal cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy person;Serum FAS level was positively correlated with serum CEA level(r=0.867,P<0.01).The serum level of FAS in patients with colorectal cancer is correlated with the level of serum CEA.The serum FAS level in patients with colorectal cancer increased with the clinical stage,there was a positive correlation between them(r=0.883,P<0.01).ConclusionFAS was highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and serum,and the expression of FAS was positively correlated with clinical stage,it suggested that FAS overexpression indicate colorectal cancer with high invasive and poor prognosis,FAS had the certain clinical value in evaluating the biological behavior and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
FAS;Colorectal cancer;Clinical stage;Prognosis
10.3969/j.issn.1009-4393.2017.15.009
王正兵,E-mail:wzhb403@163.com