陳傳平 臧宗武 陳乃東
摘要 [目的]初步探明中藥商陸鹵蟲毒活性部位。[方法]干燥的商陸粉末以70%乙醇、80 ℃提取3 h,減壓回收乙醇獲商陸乙醇總提物??偺嵛锶苡谒来我允兔?、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,回收萃取液獲商陸乙醇總提物石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相及水相,以鹵蟲毒活性為評(píng)價(jià)依據(jù),分別配制0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/mL溶液,測(cè)定其鹵蟲毒活性。[結(jié)果]石油醚相劑量組培養(yǎng)6 h后,各濃度組鹵蟲校正死亡率均達(dá)100%。采用正向硅膠柱50 ∶1石油醚—乙酸乙酯、10 ∶1石油醚—乙酸乙酯、3 ∶1石油醚—乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、甲醇梯度洗脫,將石油醚相分成5個(gè)組分不同的部位,各部位的活性均低于石油醚相。[結(jié)論]商陸鹵蟲毒活性成分主要集中在石油醚相。
關(guān)鍵詞 商陸;細(xì)胞毒;活性物質(zhì);活性追蹤法
中圖分類號(hào) S567.23 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼
A 文章編號(hào) 0517-6611(2017)29-0117-03
Study on the Cytotoxic Active Substance of Phytolacca Americana L.Based on Activity Tracing Method
CHEN Chuanping1,ZANG Zongwu2,CHEN Naidong2
(1.West Anhui Heath Vocational College,Luan,Anhui 237005; 2.College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering,West Anhui University,Luan,Anhui 237012)
Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to proven preliminarily the active parts of Artemia poison of Phytolacca Americana.[Method]The dried powder of Phytolacca Americana was extracted with 70% ethanol and 80 ℃ for 3 h,and the total ethanol extract was obtained by recovering ethanol under reduced pressure.The total extract was dissolved in water,followed by extraction with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and nbutanol,the ethanol ether phase,ethyl acetate phase,nbutanol phase and water phase of the ethanol total extract of Phytolacca Americana was obtained by recovering the extract.Based on the evaluation basis of the artemia poison activity,the solution of 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 mg/mL were prepared,respectively and their activities were determined.[Result]Petroleum ether phase dose group was cultured after 6 hours,the corrected mortality rate was 100% in each concentration group.The gradient elution was carried out using positive silica column 50 ∶1 petroleum etherethyl acetate,10 ∶1 petroleum etherethyl acetate,3 ∶1 petroleum etherethyl acetate,ethyl acetate,the petroleum ether phase was divided into different parts of the five components,the activity of each part was lower than that of petroleum ether phase.[Conclusion]The active ingredients of Artemia poison of Phytolacca Americana were mainly concentrated in petroleum ether phase.
Key words Phytolacca Americana L.;Artemia poison;Active substance;Activity tracing method
基金項(xiàng)目 安徽省教育廳2015年度高校自然科學(xué)基金(KJ2015A361)。
作者簡(jiǎn)介 陳傳平(1972—),男,安徽廬江人,副教授,碩士,從事天然產(chǎn)物開發(fā)與利用研究。
收稿日期 2017-08-04
商陸(Phytolacca Americana L.)為多年生草本植物,喜溫暖、陰濕環(huán)境,主要分布在河南、安徽、湖北等地。商陸中含三萜皂苷類、多糖、氨基酸、有機(jī)酸等化合物,具有祛痰、平喘、鎮(zhèn)咳、脹滿、喉痹、癰腫等功效,是傳統(tǒng)中藥之一[1]。
鹵蟲(Artemia)屬甲殼動(dòng)物亞門(Crustacea) 鰓足綱(Branchiopoda)無甲目(Anostaca)鹵蟲科 (Artemidae)[2-3],由于個(gè)體小、繁殖速度快而被作為基礎(chǔ)研究材料廣泛應(yīng)用于生理學(xué)、毒理學(xué)、生態(tài)學(xué)等學(xué)科的研究[4-5]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),藥物的鹵蟲毒活性與其細(xì)胞毒活性存在相關(guān)性[6-8],已有大量鹵蟲用于抗腫瘤活性早期篩選的報(bào)道[9-10],鹵蟲毒活性評(píng)價(jià)作為天然藥物及中藥提取物的初步細(xì)胞毒活性評(píng)價(jià)方法已逐漸為眾多研究者接受[11-12]。
近年來,隨著中草藥的開發(fā)與研究,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)商陸具有一定的抗腫瘤作用,但作用物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)不明,成藥性差。筆者采用活性追蹤法,依據(jù)鹵蟲毒活性篩選,追蹤商陸抗腫瘤成分,為中藥材商陸進(jìn)一步開發(fā)、利用和保護(hù)提供理論依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1 供試材料。商陸,購(gòu)自安徽省亳州市中藥材大市場(chǎng),品種經(jīng)鑒定為美洲商陸(Phytolacca Americana L.)。
1.1.2 供試?yán)ハx。鹵蟲卵(Artemia salina),購(gòu)自山東濱州金太陽生物科技有限公司。
1.1.3 儀器。
旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)器(RE-2000A型,上海亞榮生化儀器廠),循環(huán)水式多用真空泵(SHB-3S型,鄭州長(zhǎng)城科工貿(mào)有限公司),分析天平(FA1004型,中國(guó)上海精科有限公司),實(shí)驗(yàn)室振蕩器搖床(HY-4A型,新瑞儀器)。
1.1.4 試劑。
甲醇(河北四友卓越科技有限公司),無水乙醇(山東臨沂貝斯特化工有限公司),正丁醇(淄博品易經(jīng)貿(mào)有限公司),乙酸乙酯(濟(jì)南世紀(jì)通達(dá)化工有限公司),石油醚(鄭州榮騰化工原料有限公司),以上試劑均為國(guó)產(chǎn)分析純。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 樣品獲取。
新鮮商陸根洗凈、103 ℃烘干至恒重、粉碎, 70%乙醇80 ℃冷凝回流提取3.0 h,過濾、濾液減壓回收乙醇至無醇味,加水適當(dāng)稀釋后,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,得乙醇總提物的石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相及水相,每相提取物分別以1.5%NaCl溶液配制成濃度為0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/mL的溶液,測(cè)定鹵蟲毒活性。
1.2.2 鹵蟲培養(yǎng)。
根據(jù)前人研究方法[13-15],取低溫保存的鹵蟲蟲卵,純水浸泡2 h后過濾,加入新配制1.5%NaCl溶液(用前以20% NaOH溶液調(diào)節(jié)pH至8.2~8.3),28 ℃搖床振蕩培養(yǎng)24 h。
1.2.3 鹵蟲毒活性計(jì)算方法。采用校正死亡率評(píng)價(jià)石斛多糖鹵蟲毒活性,計(jì)算公式為:校正死亡率=(空白存活數(shù)-加樣存活數(shù))/空白存活數(shù)×100%。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 萃取相的鹵蟲毒活性研究
由表1可知,當(dāng)給藥時(shí)間分別為3和6 h時(shí),鹵蟲校正死亡率與各相濃度均呈明顯的量效關(guān)系與時(shí)效關(guān)系。鹵蟲校正死亡率大多隨著各相濃度增大而增大,其中石油醚相對(duì)鹵蟲毒活性明顯強(qiáng)于各組,石油醚相劑量組培養(yǎng)6 h后,各濃度組鹵蟲校正死亡率均達(dá)100%。
2.2 石油醚柱層析分離相的鹵蟲毒活性研究
石油醚萃取物的柱層析分離,石油醚萃取物(A)的分離:石油醚萃取物(621 g)以石油醚 ∶乙酸乙酯(50 ∶1、10 ∶1、3 ∶1),乙酸乙酯各為5 000 mL為洗脫劑進(jìn)行硅膠柱層析,最后用甲醇?jí)褐?,通過TLC分析合并為5個(gè)餾分,分別記為A1、A2、A3、A4、A5。
由表2可知,石油醚相不同段對(duì)鹵蟲生長(zhǎng)抑制效果不同,當(dāng)給藥時(shí)間分別為3和6 h時(shí),其中A5對(duì)鹵蟲毒活性明顯強(qiáng)于各組。
3 結(jié)論與討論
商陸提取物鹵蟲活性成分主要集中在石油醚萃取相的A5組分中。前期的研究結(jié)果表明,商陸醇提取物經(jīng)不同溶劑萃取后,所得各萃取段對(duì)鹵蟲活性有差異,其中石油醚萃取物的活性明顯高于其他相。在此基礎(chǔ)上,該研究著重對(duì)石油醚萃取物進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步分離,以明確鹵蟲毒活性成分所在部位,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過一級(jí)柱層析,該相萃取物中殺蟲活性成分的分布有差異,石油醚萃取物的鹵蟲毒活性成分主要集中在A5段,在整個(gè)石油醚萃取物中極性處于偏小,表明商陸中毒活性成分為小極性物質(zhì)。
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