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        蕁麻科三新種

        2017-05-30 10:48:04王文采
        廣西植物 2017年5期
        關(guān)鍵詞:新種緬甸中國(guó)

        摘要: 該文描述了蕁麻科三新種:(1)自中國(guó)重慶市發(fā)現(xiàn)的蕁麻科蕁麻屬一新種,城口蕁麻。此種與異株蕁麻有親緣關(guān)系,區(qū)別特征為此種的莖被少數(shù)刺毛,葉片多為心形,雄、雌花序均不分枝,瘦果在中央稍凹陷。(2)自中國(guó)廣西發(fā)現(xiàn)的蕁麻科赤車(chē)屬一新種,來(lái)賓赤車(chē)。此種與特產(chǎn)云南東南部的富寧赤車(chē)相近緣,與后者的區(qū)別在于本種莖的毛開(kāi)展或向上彎曲,葉片長(zhǎng)橢圓形,基部斜楔形,雌花具3~4枚花被片,其中1~2枚較大花被片在背面頂端具一長(zhǎng)筒狀突起。(3)自緬甸北部發(fā)現(xiàn)的蕁麻科樓梯草屬一新種,克欽樓梯草。此種在體態(tài)上與驟尖樓梯草甚為相似,與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的每一莖節(jié)具正常葉和一退化葉,托葉狹披針狀條形和無(wú)脈,雌總苞苞片無(wú)角狀突起,雌小苞片較大,呈楔狀長(zhǎng)圓形,雌花具一小花被片,以及雌蕊具一寬倒卵球形柱頭。

        關(guān)鍵詞: 蕁麻科, 蕁麻屬, 赤車(chē)屬,樓梯草屬, 新種, 中國(guó), 緬甸

        Abstract: Three new species of Urticaceae are described in this paper: (1) A species of the genus Urtica (Urticaceae), U. chengkouensis, is described as new from Chongqing City, China. This species is related to U. dioica L., from which it differs in its stem with few stinging hairs, its mostly cordate leaf blades, its unbranched staminate and pistillate inflorescenes, and its achenes which are slightly impressed at the centre. (2) A species of the genus Pellionia (Urticaceae), P. laibinensis, is described as new from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It is related to P. funingensis W. T. Wang, endemic to Southeast Yunnan Province, and from the latter differs in its stem, which is covered with spreading or antrorsely curved hairs, its long elliptic leaf blade with obliquely cuneate base, its pistillate flower with five tepals, and the one or two larger tepals of them abaxially from apex with one tubular projection. (3) A species of the genus Elatostema (Urticaceae), E. kachinense, is described as new from northern Myanmar. This species in habit is very similar to C. cuspidatum Wight, and from the latter differs in its stem node with a normal leaf and a reduced leaf, narrowly lanceolatelinear nerveless stipules, uncorniculate pistillate involucral bracts, much larger cuneateoblong pistillate bracteoles, pistillate flower with a minute tepal, and pistil with a obovoid stigma.

        Key words: Urticaceae, Urtica, Pellionia, Elatostema, new species, China, Myanmar

        1. 城口蕁麻圖1

        Urtica chengkouensis W.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 1.

        (sect. Urtica ser. Urtica)

        Ob stipulas in quoque nodo caulis 4 inter sese liberas, inflorescentias unisexuales, tepala pistillata persistentia interna acheniis fere aequilonga species nova haec est affinis U. dioicae L., a qua caule tantum inferne pilis urentibus paucis obtecto, foliorum laminis plerumque cordatis 4-5.5 cm latis apice cuspidatis vel caudatis, inflorescentiis staminatis pistillatisque simplicibus spiciformibus, acheniis centro leviter impressis differt. In U. dioica, caules pilis urentibus multis densis obtecti, foliorum laminae ovatae vel anguste ovatae, angustiores, 2.5 - 4 cm latae apice acuminatae, inflorescentiae staminatae pistillataeque paniculatae, et achenia centro haud impressa sunt.

        Prennial herb. Stem ca. 50 cm tall, above base 2 mm in diam., only below with a few stinging hairs, inconspicuously longitudinally shallowly 4sulcate. Leaves opposite, slenderly petiolate; blades thinly papery, mostly cordate, 6-6.5 × 4-5.5 cm, apex cuspidate, base cordate, margin dentate, those of apical leaves smaller, cordateovate or triangular, 2-6 × 0.6-3.5 cm, apex cuspidate or caudate, base shallowly cordate or truncate, margin dentate; surfaces adaxially sparsely strigose and with sparse appressed stinging hairs, abaxially on nerves appressedpuberulous; nervation palmately 5nerved, with 2 pairs of secondary nerves of the midrib; cystoliths puncticulate; petioles slender, 0.8-3 cm long, sparsely appressedpuberulous and with 4-15 stinging hairs; stipules 4 per node, free, membranous, whitish, lanceolatelinear, 4-4.5 × 0.8-1.2 mm, longitudinally 1nerved, margin sparsely ciliate. Staminate inflorescences singly arising from axils of middle cauline leaves, spiciform, ca. 10 mm long, simple; rachis densely strigillose; persistent bracts ovate or linear, 0.6-0.8 mm long; persistent pedicels 0.2-0.5 mm long. Fruiting pistillate inflorescences singly arising fron axils of upper cauline leaves, spiciform, ca. 10 mm long, simple; rachis densely strigillose; bracts broadly ovate or deltoid, 0.2-0.3 mm long. Pistillate tepals 4; outer 2 persistent pistillate tepals linear, 0.4-0.5 mm long; inner 2 persistent pistillate tepals larger, broadly ovate,ca. 1 mm × 0.8 mm, adaxially glabrous,abaxially appressedpuberulous. Achenes yellowishwhite,sessile or subsessile,3-4 along rachis fasciculate,biconvex,broadly ovate,ca. 0.8 mm × 0.7 mm,smooth,very sparsely minutely verruculose,at the centre slightly impressend.

        Holotypus: herbe, fleurs verter. nom chinois: tahoma. bois, hianpin, pres de Tchen Keou. alt. 1 400 m. 23 avril 1893 (草本植物, 花綠色, 中名: 大火麻, 在林中, hianpin接近城口縣城。1893年4月23日) R. P. Farges 1277 (PE)。

        本種的托葉在每莖節(jié)4枚,離生,花序單性,宿存內(nèi)層雌花被片與瘦果近等長(zhǎng),瘦果光滑,與也具上述三特征的異株蕁麻Urtica dioica L. 在親緣關(guān)系上相近,與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的莖只在下部被少數(shù)刺毛,葉片多呈心形,寬4~5.5 cm,頂端驟尖或尾狀,雄花序和雌花序均不分枝,似穗狀花序,瘦果中央稍凹陷。在異株蕁麻,莖密被刺毛,葉片卵形或狹卵形,較狹窄,寬2.5~4 cm,頂端漸尖,雄花序和雌花序均分枝呈圓錐狀,瘦果中央不凹陷(陳家瑞,1995;Chen et al, 2003)。

        本種模式標(biāo)本的采集者R. P. Farges是法國(guó)傳教士,與1892-1898年在重慶市城口縣一帶采集到大量植物標(biāo)本,從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一百余新種和一些新屬(王印政等,2004)。1959年,植物所戴天倫也到城口縣進(jìn)行了深入的采集(王印政等,2004),但從其采到的大量植物標(biāo)本中并未發(fā)現(xiàn)本種植物,這個(gè)情況說(shuō)明本新種可能是一個(gè)具很小分布區(qū)的狹域分布種。

        2. 來(lái)賓樓梯草圖2

        Pellionia laibinensis W.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 2.

        (sect.Pellionia subsect. Radicantes W. T. Wang ser. Redicantes W. T. Wang)

        Ob foliorum laminas apice longe acuminatas semitriplinerves, folia reducta nulla, stipulas subulatas, tepala pistillata valde inaequimagna 1 vel 2 majora apice projecturis longis praedita, achenia tuberculata species nova haec est affinis P. funingensi W. T. Wang, a qua caule pilis patentibus vel antrorse curvatis obtecto, foliorum laminis longe ellipticis basi oblique cuneatis, flore pistillato tepalis 3 vel 4 praedito, eis 1 vel 2 majoribus dorso apice longe 1tubulariprojectis differt. In P. funingensi, caules pilis retrorse curvatis obtecti, foliorum laminae ellipticae basi latere latiore auriculatae, flos pistillatus tepalis 5 praeditus, et tepela 2 majora dorso

        apice longe tenuiter 1corniculata sunt.

        Perennial herb. Stem ca. 25 cm tall, near base ca. 2 mm in diam., above densely below sparsely hirtellous (hairs spreading or antrorsely curved, 0.1 - 0.2 mm long), with a few short branches. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate or sessile; blades papery, long elliptic or oblanceolate, 3 - 10.5 × 1.2 - 2.8 cm, apex long acuminate, base obliquely cuneate, margin denticulate; surfaces adaxially glabrous, abaxially on nerves densely strigillose; nervation semitriplinerved, with secondary nerves 2 - 3 at leaf narrow side and 4 at broad side; cystoliths sparse, not conspicuous, bacilliform, 0.2 - 0.4 mm long; petioles 0 - 2.5 mm long; stipules lineartriangular or subulate, 1 - 2.5 × 0.2 - 0.3 mm, glabrous. Staminate cymes and staminate flowers unknown. Pistillate cymes singly axillary, 3 - 5 mm in diam., shortly and thickly branched, branches glabrous, on tops densely multiflowered; peduncles robust, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous; bracts deltoid, triangular or linear, 0.4 - 0.6 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flower shortly and thickly pedicellate: Tepals 3 - 4, 1 or 2 larger, navicular, 0.35 - 0.5 mm long, glabrous, each one abaxially from apex with a tubular projection 0.3-0.6 mm long, other tepals smaller, flat, narrowly lanceolate or triangular, 0.4-0.5 × 0.1-0.2 mm, glabrous, rarely ciliate. Pistil nearly as long as tepals; ovary long ellipsoid, 0.25-0.4 mm long, glabrous; stigma minute, penicillate, 0.1-0.2 mm long. Achenes brown, obovoid, ca. 0.5 × 0.4 mm, tuberculate.

        廣西 (Guangxi): 來(lái)賓市,鳳凰鎮(zhèn)(Laibin Shi, Fenghuang Zhen),石灰?guī)r山山谷林下(under forest in valley in limestone hill),20110414,韋毅剛,溫放(Y. G. Wei & F. Wen) 1155 (Holotype, PE)。

        本種的葉片頂端長(zhǎng)漸尖,具半離基三出脈,退化葉不存在,托葉鉆形,雌花的花被片極不等大,1~2枚較大者在頂端具長(zhǎng)突起,瘦果具瘤狀突起,與也具上述形態(tài)特征的富寧赤車(chē)Pellionia funingensis W. T. Wang(特產(chǎn)云南東南部)在親緣關(guān)系上相接近,與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的莖被開(kāi)展或向上彎曲的毛,葉片呈長(zhǎng)橢圓形,基部斜楔形,雌花具3或4枚花被片,1或2枚較大花被片在背面頂端具1筒狀長(zhǎng)突起。在富寧赤車(chē),莖被向下彎曲的毛,葉片呈橢圓形,基部在葉寬側(cè)呈耳形,雌花具5枚花被片,2較大花被片在背面頂端具1細(xì)角狀突起。

        3. 克欽樓梯草圖3

        Elatostema kachiense W.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 3.

        (sect. Elaotstema ser. Cuspidata W. T. Wang)

        Habitu species nova haec est simillima C. cuapidato Wight, a quo foliis reductis praesentibus, stipulis anguste lanceolatolinearibus et nervis carentibus, bracteis involucralibus pistillatis apice haud corniculatis, bracteolis pistillatis multo majoribus cuneatooblongis, floribus pistillatis tepala unica minuta gerentibus, et pistillis stigmata unica late obvoidea gerentibus praeclare differt. In E. cuspidato, folia reducta nulla, folia omnia normalia, stipulae linearia longitudinaliter 1viridinerves, bracteae involucrales pistillatae apice corniculatae, bracteolae pistillatae multo minores 1.2 mm longae et 0.2 mm latae, flores pistillati tepalis carentes, et pistilla stigmata unica longe penicillata gerentia sunt.

        Perennial herbs. Stems ca. 35 cm tall, below ca. 2.5 mm in diam., near base prostrate and rooting, glabrous, simple, near apex brownpuncticulate, ca. 8leaved. Normal leaves sessile or subsessile, papery, obovateoblong, 6-10.8 × 2.2-3.6 cm, at apex cuspidate, at base obliquely broadly cuneate, margin denticulate; surfaces adaxially glabrous, abaxially on nerves densely yellowishpuberulous; nervation semitriplinerved, with secondary nerves 3 at leaf narrow side and 8 at broad side; cystoliths slightly dense, inconspicuous, bacilliform, 0.1-0.2 mm long; stipules membranous, whitish, narrowly lanceolatelinear, 3-4 × 0.1-0.2 mm, glabrous, nerveless. Reduced leaves sessile, broadly ovate or broadly rhombic, 2-3.5 × 1.8-2.8 mm, glabrous, 3lobed, with lobes triangular or deltoid. Staminate capitula and staminate flowers unknown. Pistillate capitula singly axillary; involucral bracts 2seriate, without any projections, outer bracts ca. 5, unequal in size, broadly ovate or strongly depressedovate, 1.5 × 1-4 mm, apex obtuse or roundedtruncate, often erose, glabrous, inner bracts ca. 10, membranous, broadly triangular, ca. 1 × 0.8 mm, sparsely ciliate, apex acute; bracteoles numerous, very dense, large, cuneateoblong, 2-3 × 1-1.5 mm, apex subtruncate, densely lobulate and ciliolate. Pistillate flower: Pedicel flattened, linear, 0.5-2 mm long, glabrous. Tepal 1, subquadrate ca. 0.1 × 0.1 mm, glabrous. Pistil ca. 0.8 mm long, glabrous; ovary long ellipsoid ca. 0.7 mm long; stigma broadly obovoid, ca. 0.1 mm long. Achenes deeply brown, ovoid, ca. 0.9 × 0.5 mm, longitudinally 5ribbed, with ribs yellowish.

        Myanmar: Kachin State: Putao District, Naung Mong Township, E. of Urein Ga road Camp on trail from Atan Ga to Ba Baw. 27°17′38″ N, 97°51′47″ E; 575 m. Disturbed broadleaved evergreen forest with tall bamboo. In wet shady area. Herbs, perennial. Leaves abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green. 7 September 2001. B. Bartholomew, D. E. Boufford & Z. L. Dao 6743 (holotype, PE).

        In habit this species has an obvious resemblance to E. cuspidatum Wight, and from the latter differs in its stem node with a normal leaf and a small reduced leaf, narrowly lanceolatelinear and nerveless stipules, uncorniculate pistillate involucral bracts, much larger cuneateoblong pistillate bracteoles, pistillate flower with a tepal, and the broadly obovoid stigma. In E. cuapidatum, the reduced leaves are absent, the leave are all normal, the stipules are linear and longitudinally 1greennerved, the pistillate involucral bracts are all corniculate at apex, the pistillate bracteoles are much smaller, linear, 1.2 mm long and 0.2 mm broad, the pistillate flower has to tepals, and the stigma is densely penicillate (Hooker, 1888; Wang, 2014).

        致謝 蒙陳智娟先生為“城口蕁麻,重慶蕁麻科一新種”翻譯新種模式標(biāo)本的法文野外記錄;孫英寶先生為“城口蕁麻,重慶蕁麻科一新種”、“來(lái)賓赤車(chē),廣西蕁麻科一新種”和“克欽樓梯草,緬甸蕁麻科一新種”繪圖。作者謹(jǐn)表示衷心感謝!

        參考文獻(xiàn):

        CHEN JR, 1995. Urtica [M]//Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press, 23(2): 5-27. [陳家瑞, 1995. Urtica [M]//中國(guó)植物志. 北京: 科學(xué)出版社,23(2): 5-27.]

        CHEN JR,F(xiàn)RIIS I,WILMOTDEAR CM, 2003. Urtica [M]//WU ZY, RAVEN PH. Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 5: 78-84.

        HOOKER JD, 1888. Elatostema [M]//The flora of British India. London: L. Reeve. 5: 563-574.

        WANG WT, 1995. Pellionia [M]//Flora Republicase Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press: 23(2): 160-187. [王文采.1995. 赤車(chē)屬Pellionia [M]//中國(guó)植物志. 北京:科學(xué)出版社.23(2): 160-187.]

        WANG YZ,QIN HN,F(xiàn)U DZ, 2004. Brief history of plant collecting in China [M]//WU ZY, CHEN XQ. Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press, 1:658-732. [王印政,覃海寧,傅德志, 2004. 中國(guó)植物采集簡(jiǎn)史//吳征鎰,陳心啟. 中國(guó)植物志. 北京:科學(xué)出版社,1: 658-732.]

        WANG WT, 2014. Elatostema (Urticaceae) in China [M]. Qingdao: Qingdao Publishing House. [王文采, 2014. 中國(guó)樓梯草屬植物 [M]. 青島:青島出版社.]

        WANG WT, 2016. Nova classificatio specierum sinensium Pellioniae (Urticaceae) [J]. Guihaia, 36(1):1-29. [王文采. 2016. 中國(guó)赤車(chē)屬新分類(lèi)[J]. 廣西植物, (1): 1-29.]

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