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        低劑量阿司匹林對亞洲和非亞洲子癇前期高危孕婦妊娠結(jié)局影響的meta分析

        2017-04-02 16:23:22張曉雯崔世紅
        關(guān)鍵詞:差異

        張曉雯,崔世紅

        (鄭州大學(xué)第三附屬醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,河南 鄭州 450000)

        子癇前期是一個以蛋白尿及高血壓為特征的綜合征,是孕產(chǎn)婦和圍產(chǎn)兒高死亡率的重要原因之一,在所有妊娠孕婦中其發(fā)病率大約為2%~8%[1]。低劑量阿司匹林可以選擇性的降低血栓素A2的水平而不會干擾內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞前列腺環(huán)素的生成,同時其可以有效的降低血小板的激活與聚集,最終維持血管收縮與舒張平衡,使得血管血流量增加,有效改善胎盤功能[2]。目前低劑量阿司匹林(75mg/d)已經(jīng)被世界衛(wèi)生組織推薦為高危孕婦預(yù)防子癇前期的常規(guī)劑量。Xu[3]等的Meta分析提示,低劑量阿司匹林可以有效降低子癇前期及早產(chǎn)等的發(fā)生率。但是到目前為止,沒有相關(guān)Meta分析來探討低劑量阿司匹林對不同種族高危孕婦的療效,而這對于臨床來說很重要。已有文獻報道,阿司匹林對亞洲人群的作用存在差異性是由于環(huán)氧化酶1、糖蛋白IIIa、嘌呤能受體P2Y等基因多態(tài)性所致[4]。因此,該研究旨在利用meta分析系統(tǒng)性評價低劑量阿司匹林對亞洲及非亞洲子癇前期高危孕婦妊娠結(jié)局的影響。

        1 資料與方法

        1.1 檢索策略

        以“子癇前期”、“低劑量阿司匹林”、“aspirin”等為關(guān)鍵詞在中英文數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索。

        1.2 文獻納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

        納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)研究類型:均為隨機對照試驗。(2)研究對象:子癇前期高危孕婦,高危孕婦指符合①側(cè)翻試驗陽性②子宮動脈多普勒超聲異常③血管緊張試驗陽性④有子癇前期病史、初孕等PE高危因素4項中任一項的孕婦。(3)干預(yù)措施:阿司匹林組口服阿司匹林50~100mg/d。對照組行安慰劑、空白對照等處理。(4)結(jié)局指標(biāo)包括子癇前期、早產(chǎn)及圍產(chǎn)兒死亡等。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法錯誤文獻。(2)重復(fù)發(fā)表文獻或文獻中數(shù)據(jù)存在重復(fù)。(3)可能有嚴(yán)重偏倚或阿司匹林組與對照組納入例數(shù)差別較大的文獻。

        1.3 文獻質(zhì)量評價及數(shù)據(jù)提取

        由兩位研究者對文獻進行質(zhì)量評價,并提取文獻一般資料。對納入研究按照J(rèn)adad Scale量表進行評估。

        1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法

        采用SPSS20.00統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進行分析,計數(shù)資料以“±s”表示,采用x2檢驗,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

        2 結(jié) 果

        2.1 文獻檢索結(jié)果

        對上述1980年1月~2017年1月時間內(nèi)文獻進行檢索,共檢索到文獻1752篇,經(jīng)過其他手段檢索到文獻2篇,合計1754篇,最終納入文獻36篇。文獻質(zhì)量評分均高于5分。

        2.2 Meta 及亞組分析結(jié)果

        2.2.1 子癇前期及早產(chǎn)發(fā)生率比較32篇[5-36]文獻報道子癇前期及22篇[5-10,12-14,19,21,23-25,29-31,33-37]文獻報道早產(chǎn)例數(shù)。異質(zhì)性檢驗示用隨機效應(yīng)模型。與對照組比,阿司匹林組子癇前期及早產(chǎn)發(fā)生率降低,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。亞組分析示:與非LDA相比,LDA能夠降低亞洲和非亞洲孕婦子癇前期及早產(chǎn)發(fā)生率,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

        2.2.2 圍產(chǎn)兒死亡率及胎盤早剝發(fā)生率比較 17篇[7-10,12,14, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 32-36, 40]文獻報道圍產(chǎn)兒死亡及 14篇[8-10, 12, 16, 21, 23,24,31,33-36,40]文獻報道胎盤早剝例數(shù)。異質(zhì)性檢驗分析示用固定效應(yīng)模型。LDA能降低圍產(chǎn)兒死亡率,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),LDA不能降低胎盤早剝發(fā)生率,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。亞組分析示:LDA不能降低亞洲圍產(chǎn)兒死亡率及胎盤早剝發(fā)生率,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),LDA不能降低非亞洲胎盤早剝發(fā)生率,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),LDA可以降低非亞洲圍產(chǎn)兒死亡率,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

        2.2.3 妊娠期高血壓發(fā)生率比較 14篇[5,8,17-20,29-31,33,34,37-39]文獻報道妊娠期高血壓例數(shù)。異質(zhì)性檢驗示用隨機效應(yīng)模型。與對照組相比,阿司匹林組妊娠期高血壓發(fā)生率減低,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。亞組分析示:LDA不能降低非亞洲孕婦妊娠期高血壓發(fā)生率,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),可以降低亞洲孕婦妊娠期高血壓發(fā)生率,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

        3 討 論

        本研究評估了低劑量阿司匹林對亞洲與非亞洲子癇前期高危孕婦的療效,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)LDA能夠顯著降低亞洲與非亞洲高危孕婦患子癇前期的風(fēng)險、同時也能降低早產(chǎn)及胎兒宮內(nèi)生長受限發(fā)生率,更重的是,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)LDA不能降低亞洲高危孕婦圍產(chǎn)兒死亡率,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),但可以降低非亞洲高危孕婦的圍產(chǎn)兒死亡率,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);早期口服阿司匹林不能降低非亞洲高危孕婦妊娠期高血壓發(fā)生率,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),但可以降低亞洲高危孕婦的妊娠期高血壓發(fā)生率,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。說明LDA可以有效的降低亞洲與非亞洲高危孕婦子癇前期及早產(chǎn)等的發(fā)生率,并且在圍產(chǎn)兒死亡及妊娠期高血壓方面,LDA對不同種族有不同的效果。

        盡管目前阿司匹林的作用機制尚不完全清楚,但其可抑制血栓烷A2介導(dǎo)的血管收縮,從而有效的防止胎盤血管的收縮,避免胎盤血流不足。盡管之前有文獻報道在中國人群中阿司匹林的作用較弱,但與以前的一些meta分析結(jié)果報道一致[41,42],我們的研究證實低劑量阿司匹林可以顯著降低亞洲和非亞洲孕婦早產(chǎn)發(fā)生率,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。然而值得注意的是,本研究中阿司匹林在圍產(chǎn)兒死亡率及妊娠期高血壓發(fā)生率方面有不同的療效。

        本研究存在一定局限性:①亞洲相關(guān)研究報道有限,在我們的薈萃分析中僅納入5篇中文隨機對照研究;②由于納入病例數(shù)有限,難以對妊娠期進行更多亞組分析;③隨訪的差異可能影響我們對meta分析的評價;④亞洲和非亞洲人群在飲食習(xí)慣、生活環(huán)境、運動保健等方面的不同可能對結(jié)果產(chǎn)生一定影響。

        總之,低劑量阿司匹林可以降低亞洲與非亞洲高危孕婦子癇前期、早產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險,不能降低胎盤早剝發(fā)生率,而且在圍產(chǎn)兒死亡及妊娠期高血壓指標(biāo)上,低劑量阿司匹林對亞洲與非亞洲孕婦有著不同的療效。

        參考文獻

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