秦芬艷
名詞性從句一直是高考中的重點和熱點,考綱中要求考生在復習備考中必須掌握名詞性從句的基本用法;一些引導詞的辨析;句子的語序以及名詞性從句與定語從句的區(qū)別,在平時的學習中學會分析和應用名詞性從句尤為重要,結合我的教學實踐,我談談名詞性從句學習時,我們要注意的要點問題,希望大家多多指教。
定義:在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
名詞性從句的引導詞:
連接詞:that、if、whether
連接代詞:who、whom、whose、what、which、whatever、whoever
連接副詞:when、where、why、how、
名詞性從句主要的考點
考點一:同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
定語從句是形容詞性的從句, 它與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關系。
同位語從句是名詞性從句,是對前面名詞作進一步的補充性解釋說明。
1)The news that our football team won the match was really encouraging .
2)The news that/which we heard on the radio was not true .
考點二:語序問題
名詞性從句的語序必須是陳述語序
When he will come is not known.(改錯)
考點三:關于that 的省略
1.在主語,表語和同位語從句中,that不可省略
2.在賓語從句通??梢允÷?,但在下面幾種情況下,that不可省略
a. It 做形式賓語的賓語從句
b.并列賓語從句中,從第二個賓語從句開始都不可省略
c.當that賓語從句中狀語部分位與從句前部時,
d.當that 前有插入語時
e.當that作介詞賓語時,that不可省掉。
考點四:區(qū)別if 與whether
只能使用whether 的情況:
a.主語從句并在句首
b.表語從句
c.同位語從句
d.介詞后的賓語從句
e.直接加動詞不定式只能用whether (to do)
f. whether or not 直接連用時不用if
Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
考點五:連接詞:that 與 what 的區(qū)別
What he said made me happy.
That a new teacher will come is true.
that只起連接作用,無意義,在從句中不充當任何成分, 且在賓語從句中有時可省。
what 既起連接作用, 又在從句中作 主語, 賓語, 表語可譯成 “---的東西,話,事情,地方,時間,樣子 “所----”
考點六:區(qū)別 what / which (What 無范圍;Which有范圍)
Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
I will treasure whatever you give me.
考點七:區(qū)別Whoever, whatever, whichever與no matter who, no matter what, no matter which
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
引導名詞性從句只能用Whoever, whatever, whichever連接詞
引導狀語從句既可以用連詞Whoever, whatever, whichever又可以用連詞no matter who, no matter what, no matter which
It is very hard for Mary to work there, for whatever she does cant satisfy her boss.
The book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.
連接副詞(連接副詞的作用:a. 連接 b.做從句中的狀語)
when/where/why/ how/ how many/how much….
Can you explain why you were late this morning?
考點九:However+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語
However difficult it is, we should try our best.
考點十: 區(qū)分because與why
because與why均可引導表語從句,但含義不同。because引導的表語從句說明理由。而why引導的表語從句是在前面已說明了理由的情況下加以小結。
He was ill. That is why he was late for school.
The reason why he was late was that he was ill.
學好名詞性從句,學生需要扎實做好名詞性從句基本用法的復習;學會從結構和句意兩方面分析定語從句和名詞性從句,尤其是定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別。還需加強名詞性從句引導詞各自意義,用法,特點的辨析以及加強長、難句的分析和理解練習。