香港大學深圳醫(yī)院，廣東，中國

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

深圳市政府于2007年舉辦了香港大學深圳醫(yī)院的國際競賽，該醫(yī)院即是競賽的中標方案。醫(yī)院座落于深圳灣填海區(qū)16號地塊，周邊均為城市道路，南側(cè)為紅樹林生態(tài)保護區(qū)和深圳灣海景，享有得天獨厚的環(huán)境資源。

英國建筑師約翰·威克斯在醫(yī)院建筑設(shè)計上倡導“機變論”，他指出：“功能變化很快，初始的功能要求本身，并不是醫(yī)院固定不變的設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)，設(shè)計者不應(yīng)再以建筑與功能一時的最適度為目的，真正需要的是設(shè)計一個能適應(yīng)醫(yī)院功能變化的醫(yī)院建筑。”

香港大學深圳醫(yī)院即是“機變論”的現(xiàn)實作品。設(shè)計以一條寬約28m的醫(yī)院街串聯(lián)起門診醫(yī)技各個醫(yī)療單元，形成有機整體。醫(yī)院街的東側(cè)端部為開放盡端，可隨醫(yī)院的發(fā)展對各個部分進行擴建。由于醫(yī)院街的控制，擴建后的建筑依然能夠成為一個相互融合的有機整體，充滿張力，契合場地。醫(yī)院街不但是醫(yī)院規(guī)劃的控制主軸，而且是醫(yī)院的交通主軸；它以弧形大廳為起點，貫穿醫(yī)院整體，可方便到達每一科室。街內(nèi)布置綠化、銀行、花店、商店、咖啡廳、茶室、書店、環(huán)保電瓶車搭乘站，呈現(xiàn)出一幅動態(tài)的生活場景，打破了傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)院冷漠的室內(nèi)景象。

為緩解醫(yī)院規(guī)模過大所帶來的不便，門診部每一科室呈中心化布局，科室內(nèi)設(shè)置診室、基本的診斷設(shè)備及?？扑幏亢褪召M處，簡化流線，提高效率。

門診、急診急救、感染門診、特需診療中心、體檢中心、行政后勤、住院部均有獨立的出入口；急診急救與感染門診位于地下一層，門診、特需診療中心、體檢中心位于一層，入院就診患者在院區(qū)入口處經(jīng)立體分流進入各自科室，妥善處理了醫(yī)院眾多流線交叉的問題。3座“L”形住院大樓與特需診療中心一起有節(jié)奏地布置在門診醫(yī)技樓南側(cè)，行政信息樓與后勤服務(wù)樓位于門診醫(yī)技樓北側(cè)，三者之間通過兩條南北向的走道取得聯(lián)系，結(jié)合東西向的醫(yī)院主街構(gòu)成院區(qū)的主要交通骨架，同時在主街兩側(cè)還衍生出多條就診“巷道”，從而形成邏輯性極強、主次分明的魚骨式交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系。

2 總平面/Site plan

項目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team: 美國TRO建筑設(shè)計公司，孟建民，邢立華，侯軍，甘雪森，王麗娟，吳蓮花等/TRO（Boston）， MENG Jianmin， XING Lihua， HOU Jun， GAN Xuesen， WANG Lijuan， WU Lianhua， et al.

用地面積/Site Area: 192，001m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 352，478m2

設(shè)計時間/Design Time: 2007

攝影/Photos: 張超，厲躍勝/ZHANG Chao， LI Yuesheng

住院大樓朝向南側(cè)或東南側(cè)，樓前為開闊的綠化庭院，在視覺上與紅樹林原生態(tài)景區(qū)連為一體，并延展至深圳灣海面，為住院患者提供怡人舒心的觀海視野，起到輔助治療的作用；大樓地下一層為生活街市，布置普通營養(yǎng)餐廳、VIP營養(yǎng)餐廳及特需診療中心理療部，北側(cè)連續(xù)的下沉庭院為生活街市提供了充足的陽光、新鮮的空氣和優(yōu)美的景觀。

醫(yī)院主入口以大氣舒展的弧形“凹”口空間與城市形成良好對話，建筑也以傾斜的弧線造型與入口空間契合，在加強建筑群統(tǒng)一性的同時結(jié)合具有動感的出挑雨棚構(gòu)成獨特的入口形象。

香港大學深圳醫(yī)院是我國目前新醫(yī)院的示范代表，每年院方不僅要接待國內(nèi)各醫(yī)院團隊，還吸引了包括新加坡、以色列、法國、德國等外國醫(yī)療機構(gòu)前來參觀學習，成為了展示我國醫(yī)療建筑發(fā)展的窗口。

Te Shenzhen municipal government organized an international competition for the design of the University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital in 2007， and this design won the competition. The hospital is located in the 16th block of the Reclamation Area of Shenzhen Bay， with its periphery of urban roads. The south of the HKUShenzhen Hospital is a mangrove ecological protection zone and a view of the Shenzhen bay area， meaning that the building is endowed with unique environmental resources.

British architect John Weeks promotes the Teory of Indeterminacy in terms of hospital design，and has pointed out that the function of health care institutions is undergoing constant changes and alterations. Thus the demands of initial functions themselves cannot restrain the basis for hospital architecture design. Te architect cannot solely focus on the temporary coordination of architecture and its function. Instead， he remarks， "what an architect needs to do is to build architecture which suits the functional changes of the hospital".

The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital is a realization of this concept. In this program， a 28m wide hospital street joins the different medical units and incorporates them all into an organic whole. The east edge of the hospital street is an open end which enables possible developments for future expansion. With the hospital street in a dominant position，the structures can remain an organic whole even after expansion. Te hospital street is not only the controlling main axis of the whole medical program，but also serves as the main traffic line. It begins with an arching lobby， traverses the whole hospital and reaches the destination of each department. Te green street is lined with banks， fower stores， shops，cafes， tea houses， bookstores， and environment friendly electromobile stations. The whole street is a dynamic and lively life scene which breaks the impersonal and indiferent indoor scenes.

To help ease the inconveniencies brought about by too large a scale， each department in the clinic is organized independently. There is the diagnosis room， fundamental equipment， specialty pharmacy，and the cashier office within each department so as to simplify the medical process and improve efciency.

There are independent entrances and exits to the outpatient clinic， the emergency and the firstaid， the infectious clinic， special clinical lab， medical checkup center， the administration and logistics，and the inpatient. The emergency and the first-aid room are on the underground B1 floor； the clinic， special clinical lab and the medical checkup are on the first floor. Patients who enter the hospital are divided at the entrance and arrive at different medical departments. In this way， the problem of many intersecting streamlines is solved. Three L-shaped inpatient wards and the special clinical lab are placed rhythmically to the south of clinic and technical department building. The administration and information building and the logistics building are situated to the north of clinic and technical department building. Two paths， running in a southnorth direction， connect the three buildings， which，combined with the main hospital street running in an east to west direction， composes the main traffic structure of the hospital area. Meanwhile，many alleys are attached to the main street， which produces a logically connected fishbone traffic network.

The inpatient building faces south or east south， and before it， there lies a green courtyard. Together with the Mangrove Nature Reserve， the green courtyard produces a visual wholeness which further extends to the sea of Shenzhen Bay. Such a fantastic visual feast provided for patients facilitates therapeutic efect. Te underground foor has general blocks， nutrition restaurants for commoners and for VIPs， and the department of physical therapy affiliated to the special clinical lab. The continually descending courtyard supplies the blocks with sufcient light， fresh air and beautiful scenery.

The main entrance of the hospital forms a large and smooth arch which coexists in harmony with the city. The arching architecture of the hospital agrees with the main entrance in style，which produces an artistic whole and makes for a unique entrance image together with the dynamic protruding awning.

The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital is one of representative hospitals in China. Te hospital not only receives new hospital visiting teams every year， but also attracts foreign medical institutions from Singapore， Israel， France， and Germany， whose medical personnel often visit and study at the hospital. Therefore， it has become a showcase for the development of Chinese medical buildings.

3 國際醫(yī)療中心/International Medical Center

4 國際醫(yī)療中心/International Medical Center

5 首層平面/Floor 1 plan

6 住院部/Inpatient Building

7 住院部/Inpatient Building

8 行政樓/Administration Building 9.10 剖面/Sections

11 二層平面/Floor 2 plan

12 三層平面/Floor 3 plan

13 下沉庭院/Sunken courtyard

評論

谷建：建設(shè)在深圳這個年輕而具有雄心和抱負的大都市里的大項目從來不缺乏關(guān)注，香港大學深圳醫(yī)院亦是如此，自設(shè)計之初到建成，始終是醫(yī)院建筑設(shè)計界關(guān)注的焦點。關(guān)注的“焦點”，多在于其之“大”、其之“新”以及港大冠名后帶來的管理服務(wù)的模式，還有“主刀”的孟建民，因而5年的建設(shè)周期，也是吊足了同行的胃口。項目建成后，吸引了眾多的參觀者；猶如深圳特區(qū)建立之初引領(lǐng)內(nèi)地觀念更新一樣，后續(xù)建設(shè)者和管理者們或感性或理性地從中得到了滋補，也收獲了頗多好評。

作為同道，深知對于規(guī)模大至香港大學深圳醫(yī)院的項目，設(shè)計是具有相當難度的。難度在于對諸多復雜功能集成后的“邏輯”把握，以及對于整體建筑的控制力。醫(yī)院建筑設(shè)計似乎是在無數(shù)條“邏輯”關(guān)系中進行梳理、抽絲剝繭般的權(quán)重判斷和取舍的過程，包括醫(yī)療空間的邏輯、功能的邏輯、交通組織體系的邏輯、城市設(shè)計的邏輯、地域性表達、個案獨特性及用戶體驗等等，在諸多“邏輯”中抽身，又能提綱挈領(lǐng)、化繁為“簡”、使龐大的建筑清晰“可讀”，達致所謂“大道至簡”的狀態(tài)，是一種功力。“簡約而不簡單”則是境界，清晰簡單的邏輯下豐富的空間、尺度、色彩和材質(zhì)的變化，無疑定義了功能空間特定的場所精神，豐富了用戶體驗，并強化了功能空間的邏輯；良好的城市界面則形成與城市的和諧對話關(guān)系。

項目之“新”，新在功能設(shè)計的內(nèi)涵，診療中心布局模式在滿足了高效率的基礎(chǔ)上提供了靈活性；國內(nèi)醫(yī)院首創(chuàng)的立體交通無風雨接駁系統(tǒng)設(shè)計，體現(xiàn)出對城市的態(tài)度和獨特的人文關(guān)懷，結(jié)合地域性氣候特點而形成的生態(tài)型微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)和地下生態(tài)式停車場，自然風、陽光、綠色的引入、全方位的人文關(guān)懷，使香港大學深圳醫(yī)院成為一座有“溫度”的醫(yī)院。

好的醫(yī)院設(shè)計，應(yīng)該既是極簡又是極豐富的；既是極度理性又是極度感性的，我們在這個項目中讀到了這些。

14 入口大堂/Entrance lobby

Comments

GU Jian: Construction projects in Shenzhen， a young but ambitious city， never lack attention. So does The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital. It has always been the focus of concern in the field of hospital architecture design from start to completion. Most attention has been attracted to its large scale and innovation， as well as its service management when entitled by the University of Hong Kong. Its main designer MENG Jianmin， and 5-year construction period have also whetted the appetite of other peers. Upon the completion of this project， numerous visitors came here. Just like how the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone led concept update in mainland， the University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital not only provided a lot of experience both rationally and emotionally to subsequent builders and managers but also gained a lot of praises.

As a fellow architect， I am fully aware of the difficulty when designing such a large-scale project like The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital. Difficulty lies in the logic integration of many complicated functions as well as the overall control of this building. It seems like that hospital architecture design is a process of articulation and meticulous weight judgment or choices in countless logic relationships， including the logic of medical space， function， traffic organization system， urban design， regional expression， case characteristics， user experience and so on. The architect has to be highly capable to distill the essence and make his work clearly readable. Te principle of "minimal but not simple" is not easy to achieve. Although the logic is simple and clear， the space， scale， color and texture are full of change. Te design undoubtedly defned a unique place spirit， enriched the user experience， and strengthened the logic of functional space. In addition， the urban interface of this building formed harmonious relationship with the city.

"Innovation" of this project mainly lies in the implication of function design. The layout of clinic center is highly efficient but also flexible. The threedimensional transportation system， which kept users from bad weather， is first adopted in domestic hospital to reflect exceptional humanistic care. The ecological microcirculation system and underground parking lot which adapts to the regional climate， as well as the introduction of natural wind， sunshine and green， makes the University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital a warm hospital.

A good hospital design should be simplistic but also very rich. It should be highly rational but also deeply emotional. We have seen all these qualities from this project. （Translated by ZHANG Xian）

15 主入口/Main Entrance

16 內(nèi)景/Interior view

17 病房內(nèi)景/Interior view of ward

18 醫(yī)院街/Te Promenade

人文精神

公共文化建筑的研究與實踐

Humanistic Spirit

Research and Practice of Public and Cultural Architecture

Te University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital， Guangdong， China， 2012