宋艷斌,蔡高軍,薛社亮,翁偉進
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尿酸與冠心病及血脂指標的關(guān)系研究
宋艷斌,蔡高軍,薛社亮,翁偉進
目的分析尿酸(UA)與冠心病及血脂指標的關(guān)系。方法選取2012年12月—2014年12月因“胸悶、胸痛、暈厥癥狀”于江蘇大學(xué)附屬武進醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科就診的冠心病患者841例作為冠心病組;另選取同期因“胸悶、胸痛、暈厥癥狀”于江蘇大學(xué)附屬武進醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科就診的健康人129例作為健康對照組。收集并比較兩組受試者臨床資料,分析冠心病危險因素,比較兩組不同性別受試者UA水平及不同UA水平冠心病患者的血脂指標。結(jié)果兩組受試者總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);冠心病組患者年齡、男性比例、吸煙史陽性率、高血壓發(fā)生率、糖尿病發(fā)生率、UA水平高于健康對照組,高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)水平低于健康對照組(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,年齡〔OR=1.076,95%CI(1.054,1.098)〕、吸煙史〔OR=2.168,95%CI(1.283,3.662)〕、高血壓〔OR=2.007,95%CI(1.313,3.068)〕、糖尿病〔OR=3.091,95%CI(1.715,5.571)〕是冠心病的危險因素,HDL-C〔OR=0.222,95%CI(0.116,0.426)〕是冠心病的保護因素(P<0.05)。兩組男性受試者UA水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);冠心病組女性患者UA水平高于健康對照組女性(P<0.05)。冠心病患者UA水平>419 μmol/L者TC、TG、LDL-C水平高于UA水平<288 μmol/L者,HDL-C水平低于UA水平<288 μmol/L者(P<0.05);UA水平>419 μmol/L者TC、TG水平高于UA水平為288~346 μmol/L者,HDL-C水平低于UA水平為288~346 μmol/L者(P<0.05);UA水平為347~419 μmol/L者TC、LDL-C水平高于UA水平<288 μmol/L者(P<0.05);UA水平為347~419 μmol/L者LDL-C水平高于UA水平為288~346 μmol/L者(P<0.05)。結(jié)論冠心病患者UA水平較高,且與冠心病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及血脂異常有關(guān),但UA不是冠心病的危險因素,而其對冠心病的影響存在性別差異。
冠心??;尿酸;危險因素
宋艷斌,蔡高軍,薛社亮,等.尿酸與冠心病及血脂指標的關(guān)系研究[J].實用心腦肺血管病雜志,2016,24(8):16-19.[www.syxnf.net]
SONG Y B,CAI G J,XUE S L,et al.Relationship between uric acid and coronary heart disease,blood lipids index[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(8):16-19.
冠心病是危害人類健康的重大疾病,冠心病的發(fā)生與患者性別、高血壓、糖尿病、高脂血癥、吸煙及遺傳因素等有關(guān),其發(fā)病機制復(fù)雜。尿酸(UA)是機體內(nèi)核酸嘌呤堿基的代謝產(chǎn)物,其也是男性的抗氧化劑,但UA水平較高會損傷血管內(nèi)皮功能,并參與炎性反應(yīng)及血脂過氧化過程。有研究表明,UA與冠心病的發(fā)生及嚴重程度有關(guān),其也是心血管事件的預(yù)測因子[1-2]。但也有研究表明,UA與冠心病發(fā)生、發(fā)展的關(guān)系并不確定,其并不是冠心病的獨立危險因素[3-4]。目前,UA與冠心病的關(guān)系仍存在爭議。本研究旨在分析UA與冠心病及血脂指標的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1.1一般資料選取2012年12月—2014年12月因“胸悶、胸痛、暈厥癥狀”于江蘇大學(xué)附屬武進醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科就診的冠心病患者841例作為冠心病組,患者經(jīng)橈動脈途徑6個投射體位冠狀動脈造影檢查示主要冠狀動脈血管狹窄率≥50%,存在急性心肌梗死;另選取同期因“胸悶、胸痛、暈厥癥狀”于江蘇大學(xué)附屬武進醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科就診的健康者129例作為健康對照組,經(jīng)冠狀動脈造影檢查排除冠心病或冠狀動脈粥樣硬化。排除標準:合并嚴重感染、肝腎功能不全、惡性腫瘤、營養(yǎng)不良、嚴重貧血等患者。冠心病組中男564例(67.1%),女277例(32.9%);平均年齡(65.3±11.1)歲。健康對照組中男74例(57.4%),女55例(42.6%);平均年齡(58.4±9.5)歲。
1.2資料收集方法
1.2.1臨床資料收集所有受試者的臨床資料,包括性別、年齡、吸煙史、高血壓及糖尿病發(fā)生情況。高血壓:采用1999年世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)高血壓診斷標準:在未使用抗高血壓藥物的情況下,非同日測量3次血壓,收縮壓≥140 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)。糖尿?。翰捎?999年WHO糖尿病專家委員會推薦的診斷標準:(1)具有糖尿病癥狀(多飲、煩渴多尿、難以解釋的體質(zhì)量減輕),任意時間血糖≥11.1 mmol/L;(2)空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L;(3)葡萄糖耐量試驗,餐后2 h血糖≥11.1 mmol/L。吸煙史:每天至少1支,連續(xù)吸煙1年以上,長期吸煙或戒煙時間短于半年患者。
1.2.2實驗室檢查指標采集受試者空腹靜脈血5 ml,采用日立7060C全自動生化分析儀檢測UA水平、血脂指標〔總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)〕。
2.1兩組受試者一般資料比較兩組受試者TC、TG、LDL-C水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);冠心病組患者年齡、男性比例、吸煙史陽性率、高血壓發(fā)生率、糖尿病發(fā)生率、UA水平高于健康對照組,HDL-C水平低于健康對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表1)。
2.2冠心病影響因素的多因素logistic回歸分析以年齡(賦值:實測值)、男性(賦值:是=1,否=0)、吸煙史(賦值:有=1,無=0)、高血壓(賦值:有=1,無=0)、糖尿病(賦值:有=1,無=0)、UA(賦值:實測值)、HDL-C(賦值:實測值)為自變量,以冠心病(賦值:無=0,有=1)為因變量,結(jié)果顯示,年齡、吸煙史、高血壓、糖尿病是冠心病的危險因素,HDL-C是冠心病的保護因素(P<0.05,見表2)。
表1 兩組受試者一般資料比較
注:a為t值;UA= 尿酸,TC=總膽固醇,TG=三酰甘油,HDL-C=高密度脂蛋白膽固醇,LDL-C低密度脂蛋白膽固醇
表2冠心病影響因素的多因素logistic回歸分析
Table 2Multivariate logistic regression analysis on influencing factors of coronary heart disease
自變量βSEWaldχ2值dfOR(95%CI)P值年齡0.0730.01050.90111.076(1.054,1.098)<0.001性別0.4750.2613.31311.609(0.964,2.685)0.069吸煙史0.7740.2688.36312.168(1.283,3.662)0.004高血壓0.6970.21710.34112.007(1.313,3.068)0.001糖尿病1.1290.30114.09813.091(1.715,5.571)<0.001UA0.0000.0010.07111.000(0.998,1.003)0.790HDL-C-1.5060.33220.52110.222(0.116,0.426)<0.001
2.3兩組不同性別受試者UA水平比較兩組男性受試者UA水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);冠心病組女性患者UA水平高于健康對照組女性,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表3)。
Table3ComparisonofUAlevelinmaleandinfemalebetweenthetwogroups
組別例數(shù)男性女性健康對照組129367.5±91.2300.4±70.3冠心病組841373.4±100.0336.2±108.1t值0.4873.107P值0.6270.002
2.4不同UA水平冠心病患者血脂指標比較不同UA水平冠心病患者TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);UA水平>419 μmol/L患者TC、TG、LDL-C水平高于UA水平<288 μmol/L者,HDL-C水平低于UA水平<288 μmol/L者,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);UA水平>419 μmol/L患者TC、TG水平高于UA水平288~346 μmol/L者,HDL-C水平低于UA水平288~346 μmol/L者,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);UA水平347~419 μmol/L患者TC、LDL-C水平高于UA水平<288 μmol/L者,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);UA水平347~419 μmol/L患者LDL-C水平高于UA水平288~346 μmol/L者,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表4)。
Table4ComparisonofbloodlipidsindexincoronaryheartdiseasepatientswithdifferentUAlevels
UA水平(μmol/L)例數(shù)TCTGHDL-CLDL-C<2882454.40±0.951.52±1.051.14±0.312.63±0.80288~3462404.47±1.021.62±1.131.14±0.272.73±0.95347~4192424.74±1.18a1.86±1.331.10±0.322.94±1.03ab>4192434.65±1.10ab2.53±0.60ab1.05±0.25abc2.88±0.97aF值5.21444.6305.8085.813P值0.0020.0000.0010.001
注:與<288 μmol/L比較,aP<0.05,與288~346 μmol/L比較,bP<0.05,與347~419 μmol/L比較,cP<0.05
冠狀動脈粥樣硬化是冠心病發(fā)生、發(fā)展的病理學(xué)基礎(chǔ),其與血管內(nèi)皮功能紊亂、慢性炎性反應(yīng)、脂質(zhì)過氧化、血小板活化等有關(guān)。有研究表明,UA可誘導(dǎo)血小板聚集、活化,提高C反應(yīng)蛋白水平,促進氧化應(yīng)激及炎性細胞遷移、黏附,加重血管粥樣斑塊進展,造成斑塊不穩(wěn)定性增加,導(dǎo)致心血管事件的發(fā)生[5-6]。雷剛等[7]研究表明,急性心肌梗死患者UA水平高于對照組,多因素分析結(jié)果顯示,UA是急性心肌梗死的危險因素。沈詳聰?shù)萚8]分析年輕女性冠心病患者危險因素發(fā)現(xiàn),UA不是冠心病的危險因素。目前,UA是否為冠心病的危險因素尚無定論。BARBIERI等[9]分析性別亞組時發(fā)現(xiàn),UA〔OR=1.29,95%CI(1.03,1.62)〕是女性冠心病患者的危險因素(P=0.03)。有研究通過血管內(nèi)超聲(IVUS)觀察患者的冠狀動脈病變發(fā)現(xiàn),UA水平與動脈粥樣斑塊嚴重程度有關(guān),但無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[10]。有研究表明,女性亞組中UA水平與冠狀動脈內(nèi)皮功能紊亂有關(guān),而血管內(nèi)皮功能紊亂與斑塊形成有關(guān),其可能是造成性別差異的原因之一[11]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組受試者TC、TG、LDL-C水平間無差異,冠心病組患者年齡、男性比例、吸煙史陽性率、高血壓發(fā)生率、糖尿病發(fā)生率、UA水平高于健康對照組,HDL-C水平低于健康對照組,與國外相關(guān)研究結(jié)果一致[12-13],提示UA水平與冠心病有關(guān)。本研究多因素logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,年齡、吸煙史、高血壓、糖尿病是冠心病的危險因素,HDL-C是冠心病的保護因素,與相關(guān)研究結(jié)果一致[9,14],提示UA可能通過其他因素影響冠心病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。DAI等[15]認為,高尿酸血癥與冠心病的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),其可能與LDL-C水平較高、HDL-C水平較低有關(guān)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組男性受試者UA水平間無差異,冠心病組女性患者UA水平高于健康對照組女性;不同UA水平冠心病患者TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平間有差異。提示UA水平在冠心病患者中存在性別差異,UA水平較高可使冠狀動脈病變進展,且其與LDL-C水平升高、HLD-C水平降低有關(guān)。有研究表明,冠狀動脈斑塊進展過程中UA水平與同型半胱氨酸可能具有協(xié)同作用[16],其可抑制NO釋放,導(dǎo)致冠狀動脈血管內(nèi)皮細胞損傷[17]。UA水平較高可引起阿司匹林抵抗,導(dǎo)致支架術(shù)后再狹窄。目前,UA影響冠心病發(fā)生、發(fā)展的機制尚不明確,需從分子生物學(xué)及遺傳學(xué)等多角度進行研究。
綜上所述,冠心病患者UA水平較高,且與冠心病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及血脂異常有關(guān),但UA不是冠心病的危險因素,而其對冠心病的影響存在性別差異。但本研究觀察指標不夠系統(tǒng)全面,可能存在一定局限性及混雜偏倚,所得結(jié)果及結(jié)論尚需進一步驗證。
作者貢獻:宋艷斌進行資料收集整理、撰寫論文、成文并對文章負責(zé);蔡高軍,薛社亮修改論文;翁偉進進行質(zhì)量控制及審校。
本文無利益沖突。
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(本文編輯:李潔晨)
Relationship between Uric Acid and Coronary Heart Disease,Blood Lipids Index
SONGYan-bin,CAIGao-jun,XUEShe-liang,WENGWei-jin.
DepartmentofCardiology,WujinHospitalAffiliatedtoJiangsuUniversity,Changzhou213017,China
ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between uric acid and coronary heart disease,blood lipids index.MethodsFrom December 2012 to December 2014,a total of 841 coronary heart disease patients performed as chest distress,chest pain and syncope were selected as case group in the Department of Cardiology,Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University,and a total of 129 healthy people performed as chest distress,chest pain and syncope were selected as control group at the same time.Clinical data of the two groups were collected and compared,and risk factors of coronary heart disease were analyzed;uric acid levels were compared in male and in female between the two groups,and blood lipids index were compared in coronary heart disease patients with different uric acid levels.ResultsNo statistically significant differences of TC,TG or LDL-C was found between the two groups(P>0.05);age,the proportion of male,positive rate of smoking history,incidence of hypertension and diabetes,and uric acid level of case group were statistically significantly higher than those of control group,while HDL-C of case group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,age〔OR=1.076,95%CI(1.054,1.098)〕,smoking history〔OR=2.168,95%CI(1.283,3.662)〕,hypertension〔OR=2.007,95%CI(1.313,3.068)〕and diabetes〔OR=3.091,95%CI(1.715,5.571)〕were risk factors of coronary heart disease,while HDL-C〔OR=0.222,95%CI(0.116,0.426)〕was the protective factor(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of uric acid level was found in male between the two groups(P>0.05),while uric acid level of case group was statistically significantly higher than that of control group in female(P<0.05).TC,TG and LDL-C of coronary heart disease patients with uric acid level over 419 μmol/L were statistically significantly higher than patients with uric acid level less than 288 μmol/L,while HDL-C was statistically significantly lower than patients with uric acid level less than 288 μmol/L(P<0.05);TC and TG of patients with uric acid level over 419 μmol/L were statistically significantly higher than patients with uric acid level between 288 and 346 μmol/L,while HDL-C was statistically significantly lower than patients with uric acid level between 288 and 346 μmol/L(P<0.05);TC and LDL-C of patients with uric acid level between 347 and 419 μmol/L were statistically significantly higher than patients with uric acid level less than 288 μmol/L(P<0.05);LDL-C of patients with uric acid level between 347 and 419 μmol/L was statistically significantly higher than patients with uric acid level between 288 and 346 μmol/L(P<0.05).ConclusionUric acid level of patients with coronary heart disease is relatively high,and it plays an important role in the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease and dyslipidemia,but it is not one of risk factors of coronary heart disease,while its impact on coronary heart disease exists some gender difference.
Coronary disease;Uric acid;Risk factors
213017江蘇省常州市,江蘇大學(xué)附屬武進醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科
R 541.4
A
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.08.004
2016-03-22;
2016-07-19)