趙 勇,劉先霞
?
·論著·
心房顫動患者血清可溶性基質(zhì)裂解素2表達(dá)水平及其與左心房重構(gòu)的關(guān)系研究
趙 勇,劉先霞
570311海南省海口市,海南省農(nóng)墾總醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科
【摘要】目的探討左心室收縮功能正常的心房顫動患者血清可溶性基質(zhì)裂解素2(sST-2)水平及其與左心房重構(gòu)的關(guān)系。方法選取2013年度海南省農(nóng)墾總醫(yī)院收治的年齡<75歲的左心室收縮功能正常的陣發(fā)性或持續(xù)性心房顫動患者86例作為試驗(yàn)組,另選取同期在本院體檢健康,且性別和年齡與試驗(yàn)組相匹配者86例作為對照組。收集受試者人口學(xué)資料和臨床基線資料,心臟超聲測量左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑、室間隔厚度,并計算左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)和左心房容積指數(shù)(LAVI)。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)法檢測受試者血清sST-2水平。采用單因素及多因素Logistic回歸分析影響心房顫動發(fā)生的因素;采用Spearman相關(guān)分析和多元線性回歸分析sST-2水平與基線資料的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果對照組和試驗(yàn)組性別、年齡、體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)、吸煙率、白細(xì)胞計數(shù)、估算腎小球?yàn)V過率(eGFR)、左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑、室間隔厚度及LVEF比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);試驗(yàn)組LAVI和sST-2水平均高于對照組(P<0.05)。陣發(fā)性心房顫動患者病程、LAVI和sST-2水平均低于持續(xù)性心房顫動患者(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,LAVI和sST-2水平是影響心房顫動發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險因素(P<0.05)。Spearman相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,心房顫動患者年齡、病程和LAVI與sST-2水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.188、0.350、0.404,P<0.05)。多元線性回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,LAVI是影響心房顫動患者sST-2水平的因素(P<0.05)。結(jié)論左心室收縮功能正常的心房顫動患者血清sST-2水平明顯升高,在持續(xù)性心房顫動患者中更加明顯,且其是心房顫動發(fā)生的危險因素,與LAVI獨(dú)立相關(guān)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】心房顫動;可溶性基質(zhì)裂解素2;左心房容積指數(shù)
趙勇,劉先霞.心房顫動患者血清可溶性基質(zhì)裂解素2表達(dá)水平及其與左心房重構(gòu)的關(guān)系研究[J].中國全科醫(yī)學(xué),2016,19(20):2426-2429,2434.[www.chinagp.net]
ZHAO Y,LIU X X.Expression of serum souble ST-2 in patients with atrial fibrillation and its correlation with left atrial pemodeling[J].Chinese General Practice,2016,19(20):2426-2429,2434.
心房顫動是臨床中最常見的可導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥的心律失常[1],發(fā)現(xiàn)和確定心房顫動發(fā)生與危險分層的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物具有重要意義[2]?;|(zhì)裂解素2(ST-2)作為白介素(IL)-1受體家族成員,在體內(nèi)分別以跨膜蛋白形式(ST-2L)和可溶性蛋白形式(sST-2)存在,通過與其配體IL-33結(jié)合參與調(diào)控組織纖維化作用[3]。早期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)心肌細(xì)胞或心肌成纖維細(xì)胞受到機(jī)械牽拉或應(yīng)變力變化時,ST-2和IL-33表達(dá)明顯增加[4],兩者結(jié)合發(fā)揮抗肥厚和抗纖維化作用。而sST-2與IL-33結(jié)合作為IL-33/ST-2通路開關(guān)發(fā)揮與ST-2L相反的作用。當(dāng)sST-2過度分泌時,ST-2L的有益作用被抵消,促進(jìn)心肌細(xì)胞肥厚和纖維化。大量研究發(fā)現(xiàn),sST-2水平升高與心力衰竭明顯相關(guān),是心功能不全患者預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立危險因子[5-6]。但sST-2水平與心房顫動和心房纖維化的關(guān)系目前還不清楚。本研究擬探討血清sST-2水平與左心室收縮功能正常的心房顫動患者的關(guān)系,為臨床中應(yīng)用sST-2作為心房顫動的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物積累資料。
1對象與方法
1.1研究對象選取2013年度海南省農(nóng)墾總醫(yī)院收治的年齡<75歲的左心室收縮功能正常的陣發(fā)性或持續(xù)性心房顫動患者86例(試驗(yàn)組),其中陣發(fā)性心房顫動49例,持續(xù)性心房顫動37例。陣發(fā)性心房顫動定義為心房顫動在7 d內(nèi)自行終止,持續(xù)性心房顫動定義為心房顫動發(fā)作持續(xù)7 d及以上,或者需要藥物/直流電復(fù)律轉(zhuǎn)律。排除高血壓、糖尿病、中重度心臟瓣膜病、先天性心臟病、酗酒史、甲狀腺功能異常、冠心病、腎功能不全、自身免疫性疾病、近期感染、妊娠和進(jìn)行心房顫動射頻消融術(shù)者;左心房直徑>55 mm,或心功能不全者。另選取同期在本院體檢健康,且性別和年齡與試驗(yàn)組相匹配者86例作為對照組。受試者入選前均被詳細(xì)告知試驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、風(fēng)險和益處并簽署知情同意書,本研究所有流程符合赫爾辛基宣言臨床試驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)則,且獲得本院倫理委員會批準(zhǔn)。
1.2資料收集收集所有受試者人口學(xué)資料和臨床基線資料。其中人口學(xué)資料包括性別、年齡、體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)和吸煙史,臨床基線資料包括病程、白細(xì)胞計數(shù)和估算腎小球?yàn)V過率(eGFR)。采用德國Philips IE33超聲顯像儀評估左心房結(jié)構(gòu)和左心室功能,超聲探頭為S4超聲探頭,探頭頻率為2.5 MHz,受試者取左側(cè)臥位,平靜呼吸,固定二維左心室長軸切面圖像后,測量左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑、室間隔厚度,并計算左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)。使用雙平面面積-長度法計算左心房容積(LAV),左心房容積指數(shù)(LAVI)=LAV/體表面積,體表面積=0.006 1×身高+0.012 8×體質(zhì)量-0.152 9。
1.3血清sST-2水平測定采集受試者晨起空腹靜脈血5 ml,以3 600 r/min離心5 min,分離血清,存儲于-80 ℃冰箱。采用人ST-2酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)檢測試劑盒(上海酶研生物科技有限公司)檢測sST-2水平。連續(xù)稀釋已知濃度的sST-2構(gòu)建標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,通過對數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化計算樣本血清sST-2水平。
2結(jié)果
2.1對照組和試驗(yàn)組基線資料和臨床資料比較兩組受試者性別、年齡、BMI、吸煙率、白細(xì)胞計數(shù)、eGFR、左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑、室間隔厚度及LVEF比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);試驗(yàn)組LAVI和sST-2水平均高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表1)。
2.2陣發(fā)性和持續(xù)性心房顫動患者基線資料和臨床資料比較陣發(fā)性心房顫動和持續(xù)性心房顫動患者性別、年齡、BMI、吸煙率、白細(xì)胞計數(shù)、eGFR、左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑、室間隔厚度、LVEF比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);陣發(fā)性心房顫動患者病程、LAVI和sST-2水平均低于持續(xù)性心房顫動患者,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
表1 對照組和試驗(yàn)組基線資料和臨床資料比較
注:a為χ2值,b為Z值,余檢驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計量值為t值;BMI=體質(zhì)指數(shù),eGFR=估算腎小球?yàn)V過率,LVEF=左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù),LAVI=左心房容積指數(shù),sST-2=可溶性基質(zhì)裂解素2
表2 陣發(fā)性和持續(xù)性心房顫動患者基線資料和臨床資料比較
注:a為χ2值,b為Z值,余檢驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計量值為t值
2.3單因素及多因素Logistic回歸分析以是否發(fā)生心房顫動(賦值:是=1,否=0)為因變量,分別以性別(賦值:男=1,女=0)、年齡、BMI、吸煙(賦值:是=1,否=0)、白細(xì)胞計數(shù)、eGFR、左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑、室間隔厚度、LVEF、LAVI和sST-2水平為自變量進(jìn)行單因素Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,LAVI和sST-2水平是影響心房顫動發(fā)生的因素(P<0.05,見表3)。以是否發(fā)生心房顫動為因變量,以LAVI和sST-2水平為自變量進(jìn)行多因素Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,LAVI和sST-2水平是影響心房顫動發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險因素(P<0.05,見表4)。
表3心房顫動發(fā)生影響因素的單因素Logistic回歸分析
Table 3Univariate Logistic regression analysis on influencing factors for atrial fibrillation
因素βSEWaldχ2值OR(95%CI)P值性別<0.0010.368<0.0011.000(0.487,2.055)0.878年齡0.0240.0181.9091.025(0.990,1.060)0.167BMI0.1400.0121.3421.014(0.990,1.039)0.247吸煙-0.3320.3091.1560.718(0.392,1.314)0.282白細(xì)胞計數(shù)-0.0300.0750.1670.970(0.838,1.123)0.683eGFR-1.5381.9540.6200.215(0.005,9.897)0.431左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑0.0070.1070.0051.008(0.818,1.242)0.944室間隔厚度0.0030.0040.4801.003(0.995,1.011)0.489LVEF-0.0180.0480.1390.982(0.893,1.080)0.710LAVI0.3200.8432.1101.390(1.220,1.550)0.030sST-25.1761.2496.300176.890(17.300,1829.160)0.010
表4心房顫動發(fā)生影響因素的多因素Logistic回歸分析
Table 4Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on influencing factors for atrial fibrillation
因素βSEWaldχ2值OR(95%CI)P值LAVI0.320.0241.2451.384(1.193,1.601)0.006sST-2-0.1331.83412.44087.532(6.065,1265.034)0.010
2.4相關(guān)性分析及多元線性回歸分析Spearman相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,心房顫動患者年齡、病程和LAVI與sST-2水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.188、0.350、0.404,P<0.05)。以sST-2水平為因變量,以年齡、病程、LAVI為自變量進(jìn)行多元線性回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,LAVI是影響心房顫動患者sST-2水平的因素(P<0.05,見表5)。
表5sST-2水平與基線資料的相關(guān)性分析及多元線性回歸分析
Table 5Correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis of sST-2 level and baseline data
因素Spearman相關(guān)分析r值 P值 多元線性回歸分析β SE t值 P值年齡0.1880.0240.0040.0020.4500.088BMI0.0850.294----病程0.3500.0030.0040.0050.4500.388白細(xì)胞計數(shù)0.0720.545----左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑0.1480.078----LVEF-0.1470.277----LAVI0.4040.0010.0310.0063.0730.006
注:-表示無此數(shù)值
3討論
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),電重構(gòu)、組織學(xué)重構(gòu)是心房顫動發(fā)生、發(fā)展的核心機(jī)制[7]。心房纖維化是心房顫動引起電重構(gòu)和組織學(xué)重構(gòu)的重要標(biāo)志[8-9]。無論是原發(fā)性心房顫動或繼發(fā)于瓣膜病的心房顫動患者均發(fā)現(xiàn)膠原過度沉積現(xiàn)象[10-11]。sST-2作為一種新型的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物,廣泛參與組織纖維化和心肌重塑。多項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)sST-2水平升高不僅是心力衰竭患者預(yù)后不良的重要標(biāo)志,而且與心肌梗死后心肌壞死密切相關(guān)[12-13]。雖然心肌纖維化在心房顫動的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中扮演重要角色,但是,目前sST-2是否與心房顫動的發(fā)生和預(yù)后相關(guān)還不清楚。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),左心室收縮功能正常的心房顫動患者血清sST-2水平較對照組明顯升高,而且持續(xù)性心房顫動患者血清sST-2水平明顯高于陣發(fā)性心房顫動患者,血清sST-2水平是影響心房顫動發(fā)生的因素。sST-2作為IL-1受體家族成員,當(dāng)心肌細(xì)胞應(yīng)變力增加時,刺激淋巴細(xì)胞和巨噬細(xì)胞分泌sST-2明顯增加[14]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),sST-2與肺臟、心臟、皮膚及腎臟纖維化等多種纖維化疾病密切相關(guān)[15]。心臟纖維化尤其是左心房纖維化是心房顫動發(fā)生的重要原因[8]。GURSES等[16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),心臟纖維化標(biāo)志物半乳糖凝集素3(Galectin-3)與心房顫動發(fā)生明顯相關(guān),尤其是持續(xù)性心房顫動患者血清Galectin-3表達(dá)水平更高。本研究采用sST-2作為心臟纖維化標(biāo)志物探討心房纖維化與心房顫動的關(guān)系,與上述研究得出一致結(jié)論。近期一項有關(guān)sST-2與Galectin-3的對比研究發(fā)現(xiàn),sST-2對心力衰竭患者危險分層和預(yù)后評估的價值明顯優(yōu)于Galectin-3[17]。但對于心房顫動患者,sST-2與Galectin-3孰優(yōu)孰劣,還需進(jìn)一步的臨床研究探索。
本研究結(jié)果亦顯示,血清sST-2水平與LAVI獨(dú)立相關(guān)。LAVI作為心房顫動的重要評價指標(biāo),經(jīng)體表面積校正后,能夠較好地反映心房顫動患者心房結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),LAVI不僅對心房顫動患者預(yù)測腦卒中和射頻消融術(shù)后心房顫動復(fù)發(fā)具有重要價值[18-19],而且是評價心房顫動患者心房纖維化的重要超聲學(xué)評價指標(biāo)[20]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)心房顫動患者血清sST-2水平與LAVI獨(dú)立相關(guān),進(jìn)一步說明sST-2在調(diào)控心房顫動患者心房纖維化中扮演重要角色。但sST-2如何調(diào)控心房顫動這一復(fù)雜的病理生理過程還需進(jìn)一步研究。
總之,sST-2作為一種新型心肌纖維化標(biāo)志物,與心房顫動發(fā)生明顯相關(guān)。未來需進(jìn)一步探討sST-2在判斷心房顫動預(yù)后、預(yù)測腦卒中發(fā)生和心房顫動消融后復(fù)發(fā)中的重要價值。本研究的不足在于,sST-2并非心臟特異標(biāo)志物,可能受其他系統(tǒng)纖維化疾病影響。另外,本研究僅確定了sST-2與心房顫動的相關(guān)性,但不能確定兩者的因果關(guān)系。
作者貢獻(xiàn):趙勇進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)設(shè)計與實(shí)施、資料收集整理、撰寫論文、成文并對文章負(fù)責(zé);劉先霞進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)實(shí)施、評估、資料收集,并進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制及審校。
本文無利益沖突。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]HU Y F,CHEN Y J,LIN Y J,et al.Inflammation and the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation[J].Nat Rev Cardiol,2015,12(4):230-243.DOI:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.2.
[2]LIPPI G,CERVELLIN G,SANCHIS-GOMAR F.Galectin-3 in atrial fibrillation:simple bystander,player or both?[J].Clin Biochem,2015,48(12):818-822.DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.04.021.
[3]JANUZZI J L,MEBAZAA A,DI SOMMA S.ST2 and prognosis in acutely decompensated heart failure:the International ST2 Consensus Panel[J].Am J Cardiol,2015,115(7 Suppl):26B-31.DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.01.037.
[4]WEINBERG E O,SHIMPO M,DE KEULENAER G W,et al.Expression and regulation of ST2,an interleukin-1 receptor family member,in cardiomyocytes and myocardial infarction[J].Circulation,2002,106(23):2961-2966.DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000038705.69871.D9.
[5]KURLIANSKAYA A K,OSTROVSKY Y P,KOLIADKO M G,et al.Elevated levels of ST-2 are linked with prognostic pathomorphological parameters of heart fibrosis in patients with severe heart failure[J].Eur J Heart Fail,2014,16:237.
[6]PASSINO C,BARISON A,VERGARO G,et al.Markers of fibrosis,inflammation,and remodeling pathways in heart failure[J].Clin Chim Acta,2015,443:29-38.DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2014.09.006.
[7]SCHOTTEN U,VERHEULE S,KIRCHHOF P,et al.Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation:atranslational appraisal[J].Physiol Rev,2011,91(1):265-325.DOI:10.1152/physrev.00031.2009.
[8]DACCARETT M,BADGER T J,AKOUM N,et al.Association of left atrial fibrosis detected by delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging and the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2011,57(7):831-838.DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.049.
[9]BENITO B,GAY-JORDI G,SERRANO-MOLLAR A,et al.Cardiac arrhythmogenic remodeling in a rat model of long-term intensive exercise training[J].Circulation,2011,123(1):13-22.DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.938282.
[10]FRUSTACI A,CHIMENTI C,BELLOCCI F,et al.Histological substrate of atrial biopsies in patients with lone atrial fibrillation[J].Circulation,1997,96(4):1180-1184.DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.96.4.1180.
[11]BOLDT A,WETZEL U,LAUSCHKE J,et al.Fibrosis in left atrial tissue of patients with atrial fibrillation with and without underlying mitral valve disease[J].Heart,2004,90(4):400-405.DOI:10.1136/hrt.2003.015347.
[12]WEIR R A,MILLER A M,MURPHY G E,et al.Serum soluble ST2:apotential novel mediator in left ventricular and infarct remodeling after acute myocardial infarction[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2010,55(3):243-250.DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.047.
[13]KY B,F(xiàn)RENCH B,MCCLOSKEY K,et al.High-sensitivity ST2 for prediction of adverse outcomes in chronic heart failure[J].Circ Heart Fail,2011,4(2):180-187.DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.958223.
[14]COGLIANESE E E,LARSON M G,VASAN R S,et al.Distribution and clinical correlates of the interleukin receptor family member soluble ST2 in the Framingham Heart Study[J].Clin Chem,2012,58(12):1673-1681.DOI:10.1373/clinchem.2012.192153.
[15]高巧艷,李明才,李燕,等.IL-33/ST2信號通路在纖維化疾病中的作用[J].中國病理生理雜志,2013,29(9):1712-1717.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2013.09.032.
GAO Q Y,LI M C,LI Y,et al.Role of IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in fibrosis diseases[J].Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology,2013,29(9):1712-1717.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2013.09.032.
[16]GURSES K M,YALCIN M U,KOCYIGIT D,et al.Effects of persistent atrial fibrillation on serum galectin-3 levels[J].Am J Cardiol,2015,115(5):647-651.DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.12.021.
[17]BAYES-GENIS A,DE ANTONIO M,VILA J,et al.Head-to-head comparison of 2 myocardial fibrosis biomarkers for long-term heart failure risk stratification:ST2 versus galectin-3[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2014,63(2):158-166.DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.087.
[18]KIM T W,JUNG S W,SONG I U,et al.Left atrial dilatation is associated with severe ischemic stroke in men with non-valvular atrial fibrillation[J].J Neurol Sci,2015,354(1/2):97-102.DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2015.05.008.
[19]COSTA F M,F(xiàn)ERREIRA A M,OLIVEIRA S,et al.Left atrial volume is more important than the type of atrial fibrillation in predicting the long-term success of catheter ablation[J].Int J Cardiol,2015,184:56-61.DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.060.
[20]SONMEZ O,ERTEM F U,VATANKULU M A,et al.Novel fibro-inflammation markers in assessing left atrial remodeling in non-valvular atrial fibrillation[J].Med Sci Monit,2014,20:463-470.DOI:10.12659/MSM.890635.
(本文編輯:賈萌萌)
Expression of Serum Souble ST-2 in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Its Correlation With Left Atrial Remodeling
ZHAOYong,LIUXian-xia.
DepartmentofCardiology,HainanProvincialNongkenGeneralHospital,Haikou570311,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of serum souble ST-2(sST-2)in atrial fibrillation(AF)patients with normal left ventricular systolic function and its correlation with left atrial remodeling.MethodsWe enrolled 86 paroxysmal or persistent AF patients with normal left ventricular systolic function aged <75 who received treatment in Hainan Provincial Nongken General Hospital in 2013 as trial group,and enrolled 86 healthy matched in gender and age who received physical examination in the same period in the hospital as control group.Demographic data and clinical data of the subjects were collected.We measured left ventricular end diastolic dimension and interventricular septal thickness using cardiac uhrasonography,and calculated LVEF and LAVI.ELISA was performed to determine the serum sST-2 level of the subjects.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for AF,and Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to investigate the correlation between sST-2 level and baseline data.ResultsControl group and trial group were not significantly different in gender,age,BMI,smoking rate,WBC,eGFR,left ventricular end diastolic dimension,interventricular septal thickness and LVEF(P>0.05);trial group was higher than control group in LAVI and sST-2 level(P<0.05).Paroxysmal AF patients had shorter disease course and lower LAVI and sST-2 level than persistent AF patients(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that LAVI and sST-2 level were risk factors for AF(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that age,length of disease course and LAVI had positive correlation with sST-2 level(r=0.188,0.350,0.404,P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that LAVI was an influencing factor for the sST-2 level of AF patients(P<0.05).ConclusionAF patients with normal left ventricular systolic function see obvious elevation in serum sST-2 level,especially for patients with persistent AF.Serum sST-2 level is a risk factor for AF and is independently correlated with LAVI.
【Key words】Atrial fibrillation;Soluble ST-2;Left atrial volume index
通信作者:趙勇,570311 海南省??谑校D鲜∞r(nóng)墾總醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科;E-mail:zhaoyong19771@163.com
【中圖分類號】R 541.75
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼】A
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.20.014
(收稿日期:2015-07-31;修回日期:2016-01-29)