代中禮 汪芳松 錢福東 張朝君
血脂及其比值與早發(fā)冠心病的相關(guān)性分析
代中禮 汪芳松 錢福東 張朝君
目的 探討常規(guī)血脂水平及其比值與早發(fā)冠心病及病變程度的關(guān)系。方法 研究選取282例因胸悶和(或)胸痛入院的疑似早發(fā)冠心病患者(男<55歲,女<65歲),按照冠脈造影結(jié)果分為早發(fā)冠心病組170例和冠脈造影正常組112例,檢測(cè)患者常規(guī)血脂指標(biāo)及計(jì)算對(duì)應(yīng)血脂比值TG/ HDL、TC/HDL、LDL/HDL、apoB/apoA,比較2組間高血壓、糖尿病、血脂水平及其相關(guān)比值等冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,同時(shí)觀察血脂對(duì)早發(fā)冠心病病變程度的影響。結(jié)果 研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)早發(fā)冠心病患者男性比例高于正常組(χ2=8.848,P=0.003),同時(shí)血清apoB、TG及TG/HDL比值與正常對(duì)照組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(apoB:t=3.082,P=0.002;TG:t=2.445,P=0.015;TG/HDL:t=7672.00,P=0.036),其他血脂指標(biāo)及比值均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,邏輯回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn)apoB及男性與早發(fā)冠心病具有顯著性相關(guān)(apoB:OR=5.90,95%CI 1.4~10.30,P=0.001;男性:OR=2.85,95%CI 1.52~5.31,P=0.001),且早發(fā)冠心病兩支病變患者Lp(a)和apoB/apoA比值明顯關(guān)于單支病變(Lp(a):t=3255.00,P<0.0001;apoB/apoA:t=3637.50,P=0.031)。結(jié)論 早發(fā)冠心病患者apoB、TG及TG/ HDL比值顯著性升高,同時(shí)apoB及男性是早發(fā)冠心病的獨(dú)立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,Lp(a)和apoB/apoA比值與早發(fā)冠心病病變程度存在一定的正相關(guān)性。
早發(fā)冠心??;血脂比值;載脂蛋白B
早發(fā)冠心病(premature coronary heart disease)是指男性患者發(fā)病年齡小于55歲,女性患者小于65歲的冠心病[1],隨著生活水平的提高以及生活方式的改變,目前早發(fā)冠心病發(fā)病率正在逐漸增高[2],研究結(jié)果顯示冠心病與血脂紊亂有關(guān),反映血脂失衡的致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化/抗動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化血脂比值對(duì)冠心病的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值、嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后判斷優(yōu)于單項(xiàng)血脂指標(biāo)[3-4]。但是目前關(guān)于血脂及其比值與早發(fā)冠心病關(guān)系的研究較少,為此本研究通過(guò)對(duì)282例可疑早發(fā)冠心病患者的單項(xiàng)血脂及血脂比值進(jìn)行分析,以了解其與早發(fā)冠心病及其病變程度關(guān)系。
1.1 一般資料 研究選取2012年1月~2014年12月安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬六安醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科以胸痛和/或胸悶為主訴住院并行冠脈造影檢查的患者282例,所選患者男性小于55歲,女性小于65歲,冠心病患者至少有一支冠脈病變大于等于50%。根據(jù)其臨床表現(xiàn)及其冠脈造影結(jié)果分為2組:冠脈造影正常的對(duì)照組112例,早發(fā)冠心病組170例。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 所有受試者均禁食12小時(shí)以上,次日凌晨采靜脈血2~3 mL于促凝膠試管中,送往安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附院檢驗(yàn)科,運(yùn)用全自動(dòng)生化儀檢測(cè)高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(ligh density lipoprotein,LDL),甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG),總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC),載脂蛋白A(apolipoprotein A,apoA),載脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B,apoB),脂蛋白(a)[lipoprotein(a),Lp(a)],并計(jì)算相關(guān)血脂比值(TG/HDL、TC/HDL、LDL/HDL、apoB/apoA)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 應(yīng)用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,主要指標(biāo)均進(jìn)行正態(tài)分布及方差齊性檢驗(yàn),正態(tài)分布資料以“s”表示,2組間資料比較用兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)表示,2組間資料比較用χ2檢驗(yàn)。偏態(tài)分布計(jì)量資料以中位數(shù)和四分位數(shù)間距表示,2組間資料比較用非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)(Mann-Whitney U-test),單項(xiàng)血脂及其比值及臨床特征與早發(fā)冠心病的關(guān)系采用邏輯回歸分析方法。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。見(jiàn)表1。
2.1 2組間一般資料的比較 早發(fā)冠心病患者男性比例明顯高于正常組(P<0.01),組間高血壓及糖尿病無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,早發(fā)冠心病組apoB及TG、TG/HDL比值水平顯著高于正常組(P<0.05),其他血脂指標(biāo)及血脂比值差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 血脂及血脂比值與早發(fā)冠心病血管病變程度關(guān)系為進(jìn)一步研究早發(fā)冠心病血脂及其比值對(duì)冠脈病變程度的影響,本研究將早發(fā)冠心病組依據(jù)冠脈造影結(jié)果分為3組:?jiǎn)沃Р∽?/p>
63例,兩支病變66例,三支及三支以上病變41例,除脂蛋白a[lipoprotein(a),Lp(a)]及apoB/apoA比值在兩支病變與單支病變差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義外,其余血脂指標(biāo)在各組治療間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。見(jiàn)表2。
表1 早發(fā)冠心病與正常組一般資料的比較(s)
表1 早發(fā)冠心病與正常組一般資料的比較(s)
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表2 血脂及血脂比值與早發(fā)冠心病血管病變程度(s)
表2 血脂及血脂比值與早發(fā)冠心病血管病變程度(s)
注:與單支病變相比,aP<0.05
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2.3 邏輯回歸分析 如表1所示,男性、apoB、TG、TG/ HDL比值是早發(fā)冠心病患者的危險(xiǎn)因素,為此本研究將此四種指標(biāo)納入邏輯回歸模型,結(jié)果提示只有男性及apoB與早發(fā)冠心病之間具有獨(dú)立顯著的相關(guān)性。見(jiàn)表3。
表3 早發(fā)冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素邏輯回歸分析結(jié)果
血脂異常是冠心病主要的危險(xiǎn)因素之一,有學(xué)者對(duì)九萬(wàn)多名中國(guó)人進(jìn)行血脂流行病學(xué)研究顯示我國(guó)成人(18歲以上)血脂紊亂主要表現(xiàn)為高TG和低HDL[5],有研究顯示TG、TG/HDL比值可以反映LDL顆粒直徑的大小,高密度脂蛋白亞型的分布以及膽固醇酯化率[6-7],對(duì)冠心病的診斷及冠心病患者的預(yù)后具有良好的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[3,8],本研究結(jié)果顯示早發(fā)冠心病患者TG、TG/ HDL血脂比值顯著性高于正常對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明其可能是早發(fā)冠心病患者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。
早發(fā)冠心病患者男性明顯多于女性,與正常組對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示雌激素對(duì)早發(fā)冠心病可能有一定的保護(hù)性作用。
apoB在肝臟中合成,是LDL、VLDL、IDL的重要組成部分及功能單位,是冠心病的獨(dú)立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,Sniderman AD等[9]就血脂水平對(duì)心血管事件的預(yù)后進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性分析,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)non-HDL對(duì)心血管事件的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值優(yōu)于HDL,而apoB優(yōu)于non-HDL,同時(shí)ZAMBON A等研究者認(rèn)為apoB與多種遺傳性血脂紊亂有關(guān)[10],本研究顯示,早發(fā)冠心病患者apoB水平顯著性高于對(duì)照組,進(jìn)一步分析顯示apoB是早發(fā)冠心病的獨(dú)立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,提示aopB對(duì)于早發(fā)冠心病的發(fā)生發(fā)展及臨床診斷可能具有重要意義。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)早發(fā)冠心病兩支病變患者Lp(a)和apoB/apoA比值明顯高于單支病變患者,其他血脂在各組間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,盡管有多項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)HDL、apoA、LDL、LDL/HDL比值等血脂指標(biāo)在老年冠心病發(fā)病發(fā)面具有重要作用,但是本研究的資料顯示這些指標(biāo)在早發(fā)冠心病發(fā)病方面可能不是主要的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,說(shuō)明早發(fā)冠心病與老年冠心病在危險(xiǎn)因素方面存在一定的差異[11]。
綜上所述,本研究中早發(fā)冠心病患者TG、apoB及TG/ HDL比值明顯高于正常對(duì)照組(P<0.05),且男性發(fā)病率高于女性(P<0.05),提示男性、TG、apoB及TG/HDL比值可能是早發(fā)冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素,進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn)apoB與男性是早發(fā)冠心病的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因素,Lp(a)和apoB/apoA比值與早發(fā)冠心病病變嚴(yán)重程度存在這一定的正相關(guān)性,但是由于本研究樣本量有限,明確的結(jié)論尚需擴(kuò)大樣本進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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Objective To investigate the level of serum lipid and lipid ratio and their relationship with severity of coronary artery lesions in patients with premature coronary heart disease. Methods Serum lipid level and lipid ratio (TG/HDL, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, apoB/apoA) from 182 subjects (male<55 years, female<65 years) with the main complaint of chest pain, undergoing coronary artery angiography, including nomal coronary artery (control group) (n=112), premature coronary heart disease group (pre-CHD group) (n=170) were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer and calculated. The risk factors of coronary heart disease in both groups and the significance of lipid on severity of coronary artery lesions in pre-CHD group were analysed. Results There were more male and higher apoB, TG and TG/HDL ratio in pre-CHD group compared with control group (male:χ2=8.848, P=0.003; apoB: t=3.082, P=0.002; TG; t=2.445, P=0.015; TG/HDL; t=7672.00, P=0.036), but not other indicators, and logistic analysis showed that only apoB and male were significantly associates with premature coronary heart disease (apoB: OR=5.90, 95%CI 1.4-10.30, P=0.001; male: OR=2.85, 95%CI 1.52-5.31, P=0.001), meanwhile only Lp(a) and apoB/apoA ratio were significantly different between two-lesion and sigle-leision in pre-CHD group (Lp(a): t=3255.00, P<0.0001; apoB/apoA: t=3637.50, P=0.031). Conclusion Serum apoB, TG and TG/HDL ratio were significantly higher in premature coronary artery disease, apoB and male were independent risk factors of premature coronary heart disease, and there may be a positive correlation for Lp(a) and apoB/apoA ratio with severity of coronary artery lesions.
Premature coronary heart disease; Lipid ratio; Apolipoprotein B
10.3969/j.issn.1009-4393.2016.5.003
安徽 237000 安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬六安醫(yī)院心血管內(nèi)科二病區(qū)(代中禮 汪芳松 錢福東 張朝君)
代中禮 E-mail:daizongli 1985@126.com