亚洲免费av电影一区二区三区,日韩爱爱视频,51精品视频一区二区三区,91视频爱爱,日韩欧美在线播放视频,中文字幕少妇AV,亚洲电影中文字幕,久久久久亚洲av成人网址,久久综合视频网站,国产在线不卡免费播放

        ?

        The Application of Hedges in EFL Class

        2016-06-07 16:55:59閆志軍
        校園英語·下旬 2016年5期

        閆志軍

        【Abstract】Hedges, as a common linguistic phenomenon, are used in daily communication to make sure that the communication can move on smoothly and to attain specific goals by speakers. If the hedges are used properly in class, they could make talks between teacher and students become more polite, flexible and effective and facilitate effective teaching and learning. Based on the writers past experience, this paper intends to analyze the specific application and pragmatic functions of hedges used by both teacher and students in EFL class.

        【Key words】hedges; EFL class; pragmatic functions; application

        1. Introduction

        Hedges, as an important component of fuzzy language, have received wide attention of linguists in the past few decades. Lakoff, who is the first person that studies hedges from the linguistic perspective, defines hedges as “words whose job is to make things fuzzier or less fuzzy”. Researchers at home have done a lot of work on the pragmatic functions of hedges in news, technology articles, political speech and others. However, less research has been done on the pragmatic functions of hedges in EFL class. EFL class is the place where communication takes place, so the research should consider both sides of the communication. This paper will analyze the applications of hedges used by teacher and students in order to find how the hedges promote English teaching and learning and their pragmatic functions in EFL class.

        2. Classification of Hedges

        Hedges in English are a very wide range of words and expressions including verbs, model verbs, adjectives, nouns, if-clauses, passive voice, etc. According to the dichotomy proposed by He Ziran, whether the hedges can change the truth condition of the discourse or whether to change the original intent of the discourse structure, hedges can be divided into two parts: Approximators(subdivided into Adaptors and Rounders) and Shields(subdivided into Plausibility Shields and Attribution Shields).

        Approximators are those that affect the truth-conditions of propositions. They may change or even cancel the original meaning of proposition. Approximators can be subdivided into two types: Adaptors and Rounders. Adaptors are usually used when a proposition is nearly precise but the speakers or writers are not absolutely certain (He Ziran, 1985), such as: always, usually, quite, kind of, sort of, to some extent, a little bit, etc. Shields are those that do not affect the truth-conditions but reflect the degree of the speakers commitment to the truth-value of the whole proposition. (He Ziran, 1985) Shields can also be subdivided into two types: Plausibility shields and Attribution shields.endprint

        3. Adaptors used by Teacher

        Teacher in EFL class usually use Adaptors to change his intensity of tone in order to make his talk more euphemistic or polite, save the students face. Adaptors can also help teacher to make the sentences of which he is not certain more appropriately. Lets see some examples:

        Example 1: T: To some extent, your answer is right.

        In Example 1, the teacher uses the adaptor “to some extent” to give evaluation of answer made by some student who actually fails to give the correct answer the teacher wants. In doing so, teacher can save the students face and protect the students enthusiasm of answering questions.

        4. Hedges Used by Students in EFL Class

        EFL class is composed of teacher and students, so the characteristics of students talk should not be ignored. But most of the current English class is still teacher-centered, students talk mainly involve in answering the teachers questions or the dialogues between students themselves. So students use much fewer hedges than the teacher and most of the hedges used by students are plausibility shields. They can use these hedges to answer the teachers questions or express their views. For example:

        Example 2: I think this sentence should use past perfect tense.

        With the help of plausibility shields, students can express their views more freely and get more opportunities to talk which is benefit for the improvement of their communicative competence.

        5. Conclusion

        Both teacher and students use hedges in EFL class and the hedges play a positive role in the communication between teacher and students. The limitation of this paper lies that the analysis of the hedges used by teacher and students is confined to imaginations and the authors past experience, so that the correctness and authority of this paper are weakened. Further study of this paper may collect data from actual classes to test what kind of hedges is the most frequently used by teacher and students, and find out the representative situations where teacher and students use hedges.

        References:

        [1]George Yule.Pragmatics[M].Shanghai:Foreign Language Education Press,2000.

        [2]何自然.模糊限制語與言語交際[J].外國語,1985,(5).

        [3]伍鐵平.模糊語言學初探[J].外國語,1979,(4).

        [4]伍鐵平.模糊語言學再探[J].外國語,1980,(4).endprint

        欧美一区二区三区红桃小说| 亚洲天堂av路线一免费观看| 日韩精品一区二区三区乱码| 亚洲av无码专区亚洲av网站| 玩弄少妇人妻中文字幕| 国产丝袜无码一区二区三区视频| 午夜tv视频免费国产区4| 日本在线播放不卡免费一区二区| 最好看的亚洲中文字幕| 麻豆国产在线精品国偷产拍| 色老头一区二区三区| 日本色偷偷| 精品在线视频免费在线观看视频| 在线观看亚洲av每日更新影片| 久久精品国产99国产精品亚洲 | 成熟的女人毛茸茸色视频| av素人中文字幕在线观看| 日本无码欧美一区精品久久| 精品性高朝久久久久久久| 亚洲在战AV极品无码| 日韩精品午夜视频在线| 亚洲悠悠色综合中文字幕| 熟妇熟女乱妇乱女网站| 夜夜欢性恔免费视频| 精品国产AⅤ一区二区三区4区| 亚洲综合网中文字幕在线| 日本免费视频| 日本大片在线看黄a∨免费| jjzz日本护士| 永久免费看黄在线观看| 久久久亚洲av波多野结衣| 无码福利写真片视频在线播放| 色老头久久综合网老妇女| 丰满人妻一区二区三区52| 97在线视频人妻无码| 国产亚洲精品久久久久秋霞| 国产亚洲青春草在线视频| 国产中文字幕亚洲精品| 免费看av在线网站网址| 97人妻碰免费视频| av天堂中文亚洲官网|