張明
摘 要:英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中常出現(xiàn)“除了……”這類英文表達(dá),如:along with,apart from, as well as,aside from, barring, beyond,but,in addition to,less than, other than,outside, than等。盡管漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義易于掌握,但在英語(yǔ)閱讀翻譯過(guò)程中,上面這些英文單詞、短語(yǔ)各有其語(yǔ)義極容易混淆。本文通過(guò)其在肯定句和否定語(yǔ)義句中的運(yùn)用對(duì)其用法予以論述。
關(guān)鍵詞:除了;肯定句;否定語(yǔ)義句
一、apart from/aside from/ beyond /other than/less than/outside用于否定語(yǔ)義的語(yǔ)句,“除了……”不包括在主謂結(jié)構(gòu)所敘述內(nèi)容之內(nèi),實(shí)際上就是肯定了“除了……”之后的內(nèi)容或含有“只有(是)……”之意
(1)Apart from the cold and the latitude, there seems nothing that unusual. 除了寒冷和緯度高以外,似乎沒(méi)有什么特別之處。
(2)Aside from that wreck of a car, you dont seem to have any possessions. 除了那部破車外,你似乎一無(wú)所有。
(3)Aside fromthis use to inflame angry feelings, it is hard to know what it is supposed to mean. 其作用除了是點(diǎn)燃憤怒的情緒,很難說(shuō)得清楚這究竟意味著什么。
(4)I cant tell you anything beyond what you know already. 除了你已經(jīng)知道的,我無(wú)可奉告。
(5)These people have convinced you that no one could love you but them. 這些人讓你深信除了他們沒(méi)有人愛(ài)你。
(6)The early universe is nothing but energy. 早期的宇宙除了能量以外什么也沒(méi)有。
(7)Theres nothing but abandoned cottages and forest out there. 那里除了荒棄的村舍和樹林一無(wú)所有。
(8)They brought us nothing but heartache and grief. 除了心痛和傷心他們沒(méi)給我們帶來(lái)任何東西。
(9)Nothing but an abandoned car has been found at the bottom of the Delaware River. 除了在特拉華河底發(fā)現(xiàn)一輛被丟棄的汽車,什么也沒(méi)有找到。
(10)I will haveno choice but to launch those missiles. 我除了發(fā)射那些導(dǎo)彈別無(wú)選擇。
(11)I dont see how we can possibly do anything else but go. 除了一走了之,我看不出我們還能做些別的什么。
(12)But it just feels like theres nothing holding us together except the house. 就好像除了這所房子就沒(méi)有什么東西能把我們聚到一起。
(13)You have no one willing to help you except me. 除了我沒(méi)有人愿意幫你。
(14)Nobody handles any of the gear in this station except me. 除了我以外,誰(shuí)也不可以動(dòng)工作站里的設(shè)備。
(15)So you had no choiceexcept to steal weapons from the armory. 所以你除了偷盜軍械庫(kù)就別無(wú)選擇了。
二、apart from/aside from/ Barring/ but / except/ except for /other than/ with exception of 用于肯定句,其后面的內(nèi)容即“除了……”不包括在主謂結(jié)構(gòu)敘述的內(nèi)容之內(nèi),實(shí)際上是否定了“除了……”的內(nèi)容
(1)Ive won every colour of medal in this competition, apart from gold. 這個(gè)項(xiàng)目除了金牌,我贏得了所有顏色的獎(jiǎng)牌。
(2)Apartfromthe smoking and the drinking, I like you very much. 除了抽煙喝酒,我很喜歡你。
(3)They had killed all the terrorists apart from a few hiding in the hills. 除了很少幾個(gè)躲進(jìn)了深山,他們消滅了所有的恐怖分子。
(4)It was very quiet, aside from occasional birds chirping. 除了偶爾傳來(lái)鳥叫聲,一切都很安靜。
(5)Barring the boss, we all went to the bar. 除了老板以外我們都去了酒吧了。
三、along with / apart from/aside from / besides / beyond / other than / as well as / in addition to / than,大多數(shù)情況下用于肯定句意思為“除了……還有……”?!俺恕钡膬?nèi)容與主謂結(jié)構(gòu)敘述的內(nèi)容相一致。實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于”“即……又……”
(1)He believes that the scheme can be financed largely by private investment, along with some contributions from public sources. 他相信除了一些公共捐贈(zèng)外,這個(gè)計(jì)劃主要是由私人投資資助的。
(2)Science is a core subject, along with mathematics and English, in the National Curriculum for all pupils in schools in Wales and England. 在威爾士和英格蘭的國(guó)家教學(xué)計(jì)劃中規(guī)定,除了數(shù)學(xué)和英語(yǔ)以外,理科是核心學(xué)科。
(3)Apart from working overtime it was mainly the frequent meetings of the local committee. 除了加班工作,主要就是參加當(dāng)?shù)匚瘑T會(huì)經(jīng)常舉行的會(huì)議了。
(4)Apart from being too large, it just doesnt suit me. 除了太大了,它也不適合我。
(5)As well as decent houses, there were other perks for the workers. 除了這些像樣的住房,工人還有其他津貼。
(6)As well as cutting calories, you have to cut your protein intake. 除了減少熱量攝入,你還得減少蛋白質(zhì)的攝入量。
(7)Aside from the fact that you shut down a freeway, you murdered a wild animal. 你除了封閉了高速公路,你還殺死一只野生動(dòng)物。
(8)Another dream that Tom and I had, aside from wanting to be married and have a family, was we wanted to travel the world together. 除了想結(jié)婚成家,湯姆和我還有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想,那就是一起周游世界。
(9)Besides working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. 除了設(shè)法改善建筑結(jié)構(gòu)外,地震頻發(fā)區(qū)的人們也許要為可能發(fā)生的大地震做好防備工作。
(10)There are other dangers here besides the scalding water. 除了滾燙的水之外,還有其他的危險(xiǎn)。
四、but“除了……”在肯定句中不在主謂敘述的內(nèi)容之內(nèi),意指“就不是but…后面的內(nèi)容”
(1) They found all but one exit blocked.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)除了一個(gè)出口外所有的出口都堵住了。
(3) I think it was anything but play.我認(rèn)為那絕不是玩耍。
(4) Catherine, you are many things but pure. 凱瑟琳,純潔和你不沾邊。
(5)He has all but driven a spear through Schwartzs heart. 他差一點(diǎn)就直插舒爾茨要害。
作者單位:(天津農(nóng)學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)學(xué)院)