譚保平,楊 帆,王 紅,莫文宏
(廣西醫(yī)科大學第四附屬醫(yī)院暨柳州市工人醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,柳州545005)
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冠心病患者他汀類藥物干預后LDL-C、TC變化與血小板CD62P表達的相關性研究
譚保平,楊帆,王紅,莫文宏
(廣西醫(yī)科大學第四附屬醫(yī)院暨柳州市工人醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,柳州545005)
【摘要】目的研究冠心病患者采用他汀類藥物干預后LDL-C、TC變化與血小板 CD62P表達的相關性。方法將61例冠脈支架術后患者分為口服辛伐他汀組(20 mg/d)和瑞舒伐他汀組(10 mg/d),療程均為1個月。治療前后采用流式細胞術檢測血小板CD62P表達的變化,同時檢測血脂的變化,Person法分析治療前后TC、LDL-C的變化與血小板CD62P表達變化的相關性。結果辛伐他汀組患者血小板CD62P表達率由治療前的(19.37±14.78)%降至(4.91±5.48)%,TC和LDL-C水平由治療前的(4.96±1.20)mmol/L和(3.58±1.81)mmol/L分別降至(4.18±0.49)mmol/L和(2.51±0.61)mmol/L,治療前后比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。瑞舒伐他汀組患者血小板CD62P表達率由治療前的(13.79±11.28)%降至(3.72±4.56)%,TC和LDL-C水平由治療前的(4.88±1.37)mmol/L和(3.30±1.06)mmol/L分別降至(3.81±1.00)mmol/L和(2.20±0.64)mmol/L,治療前后比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。但治療前后兩組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。Person線性相關分析結果顯示,兩組患者治療前后TC、LDL-C的降低值與血小板CD62P的降低值之間無相關性(P>0.05)。結論他汀類藥物能改善冠脈支架術后患者血小板CD62P表達,可能是該藥減少心血管事件發(fā)生的機制之一。
【關鍵詞】冠心??;他汀;血小板;CD62P
他汀類藥物通過抑制HMG CoA酶而發(fā)揮降脂作用。研究表明,高血脂及血脂正常者用他汀類藥物干預后可降低心血管事件的發(fā)生率[1,2]。在降低膽固醇的同時,他汀類藥物可以降低血小板膜糖蛋白的表達,發(fā)揮其降脂以外的功效。此外,該類藥物可降低急性冠脈綜合征患者的心血管事件,提示其可能具有抗血栓作用[1]。本研究旨在觀察他汀類藥物(辛伐他汀20 mg/d或瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/d)治療對血小板CD62P的表達及血脂的變化,探討他汀類藥物調脂效果與血小板CD62P的表達的相關性。
1對象與方法
1.1研究對象選取本院2011年10月~2012年1月經(jīng)冠脈造影檢查明確為冠心病,并行冠脈內(nèi)支架植入術的61例住院患者,其中男49例,女12例,平均年齡(63.3±11.7)歲。根據(jù)入院時所服用藥物種類,分為辛伐他汀組(39例)和瑞舒伐他汀組(22例),兩組患者一般情況比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
表1 兩組患者基本特征比較
1.2排除標準有以下情況者不納入本次研究:(1)活動性肝病、慢性肝炎或肝腎功能不全、肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)超過上限3倍者;(2)對他汀類藥物過敏者;(3)同時服用其他調血脂藥者。
1.3治療方法辛伐他汀組患者接受辛伐他汀20 mg/d治療,瑞舒伐他汀組患者接受瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/d治療,療程均為1個月。
1.4血脂的檢測 治療前及療程結束后,晨起抽取空腹血標本,總膽固醇(TC)、總三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)用酶法測定,低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)用公式LDL-C=(TC-HDL-C-TG)/2.2計算。
1.5血小板CD62P的表達治療前、治療1個月后,晨起抽取空腹血標本(空腹12 h以上),采用流式細胞學檢測血小板CD62P的表達。
1.6流式細胞學實驗方法給藥前及他汀類藥物治療1個月后,于晨間8點抽取1 ml肘靜脈血,抽血時不扎止血帶,采血后30 min立即送檢,所用試劑為美國Biolegend公司生產(chǎn)的異硫氰酸熒光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate,FITC)標記的CD41單克隆抗體(FITC-CD41)和藻紅蛋白(phycoerythrin,PE)標記的P選擇素單克隆抗體(PE-CD62P),以FITC-IgG1作為陰性對照,標本避光在室溫下孵育20 min。
1.7流式細胞儀分析標本經(jīng)2%多聚甲醛固定后,采用Beckman公司 EPICS-XL四色熒光流式細胞儀進行檢測。用 System Ⅱ-analysis軟件獲取結果,參照Geiger[3]的方法,在CD62P和側向散射角雙參數(shù)散點圖中設門找血小板群。以FITC-CD41和PE-CD62P作雙參數(shù)散點圖分析,以共表達FITC-CD41和PE-CD62P(即CD41+CD62P+)作為血小板CD62P陽性表達率。
2結果
2.1兩組患者治療前后血脂及血小板CD62P的變化20 mg辛伐他汀治療前后,血小板CD62P、TC、LDL-C比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。瑞舒伐他汀治療前后,血小板CD62P、TC、LDL-C比較差異也有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01),但治療前及治療后兩組間比較無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
2.2CD62P的變化與LDL-C、TC變化的相關性分析進一步對辛伐他汀和瑞舒伐他汀治療前后血小板CD62P的變化與LDL-C、TC的變化進行相關性分析,結果表明,兩組治療后,血小板CD62P的變化與LDL-C、TC的變化均無相關性(P>0.05)。見圖1、圖2。
表2 兩組患者觀察指標變化±s)
注:與同組治療前比較,aP<0.01。
圖1 辛伐他汀治療后CD62P變化與LDL-C及TC變化的相關性分析
圖2 瑞舒伐他汀治療后CD62P變化與LDL-C及TC變化的相關性分析
3討論
CD62P也稱為P選擇素,是存在于血小板α顆粒及Veibel-Palade小體上的顆粒膜糖蛋白,靜止狀態(tài)時在血小板膜表面表達量很低。當血小板活化后,隨著α顆粒的釋放而表達于質膜上,是反映血小板活化最靈敏的指標之一,并被認為是一種獨立于其他傳統(tǒng)心血管事件的預后危險因素[4]。應用流式細胞術可靈敏且特異地檢測單個血小板及其亞群血小板膜糖蛋白的變化。已有許多臨床試驗證實,他汀類藥物能使動脈粥樣硬化斑塊消退,降低心血管事件的發(fā)生。此外,研究還顯示,他汀類藥物有抗血小板作用。馬麗萍等[5]研究高膽固醇血癥患者調脂藥物干預后血小板CD62P表達的變化,結果顯示:高膽固醇血癥患者服用普伐他汀4周和8周后, CD62P糖蛋白陽性血小板百分數(shù)由治療前的(31.3±9.3)%分別降至(26.4±7.4)%和(25.3±9.1)%, 提示普伐他汀能改善高膽固醇血癥患者血小板功能及CD62P表達,并認為可能是其促進動脈粥樣斑塊消退的機制之一。體外實驗結果提示,調脂藥物對血小板存在直接作用。Hwang等[6]的研究結果顯示,短期(8周)阿托伐他汀治療可使高膽固醇血癥患者P選擇素的表達顯著下降。近來的研究顯示,他汀類藥物的抗血小板效果在治療早期即可呈現(xiàn),Pignatelli等[7]的研究顯示,40 mg阿托伐他汀治療2小時后即可觀察到其對血小板的效果,且他汀類藥物的抗血小板治療效果獨立于其降脂作用[8~10]。
本研究中,無論是辛伐他汀還是瑞舒伐他汀治療后,血小板CD62P的變化均與LDL-C和TC的降低之間無相關性,與既往的報道結果相似[11,12]。研究顯示,CD62P在動脈粥樣硬化的病理機制中發(fā)揮重要作用[13,14],動脈粥樣硬化斑塊上的CD62P表達上調[15],以上結果均支持CD62P在致動脈粥樣硬化過程中發(fā)揮致病作用。他汀類藥物是如何降低血小板CD62P的表達,目前其機制尚不清楚。有研究者指出,他汀類藥物可增加一氧化氮的濃度,降低血栓形成, 并改變血小板膜的組成,從而降低血小板的激活[16]。此外,他汀類藥物對炎癥的調節(jié)作用可能歸因于下調炎癥介質(如細胞因子)介導的血小板高反應性。
總之,我們的研究結果表明,血小板CD62P的表達在服用他汀類藥物1個月后顯著降低,可能是該藥干預動脈粥樣硬化進程,減少心血管事件發(fā)生的機制之一。
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(編輯:潘明志)
A study on relationship of platelet CD62P expression, changes of LDL-C and TC after statin treatment in patients with coronary heart disease
TANBaoping,YANGFan,WANGHong,MOWenhong
(DepartmentofCardiology,TheFourthAffiliatedHospitalofGuangxiMedicalUniversity—LiuzhouWorker’sHospital,Liuzhou545005,China)
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the relationship of platelet CD62P expression and changes of LDL-C and TC after statin treatment in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods61 patients with coronary stent implanted were divided into oral simvastatin group(20 mg/d) and rosuvastatin group(10 mg/d), both groups were treated for 1 month. Changes of platelet CD62P expression and levels of cholesterol before and after treatment were detected by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, Person liner regression analysis was used to analyze correlation of platelet CD62P expression, changes of LDL-C and TC before and after treatment.Results After treatment, the expression rate of CD62P in the simvastatin group decreased from (19.37±14.78)% to (4.91±5.48)%, the levels of LDL-C and TC decreased from (4.96±1.20)mmol/L and (3.58±1.81)mmol/L to (4.18±0.49)mmol/L and (2.51±0.61)mmol/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences when comparing to those before treatment(P<0.01). In addition, the expression rate of CD62P in the rosuvastatin group decreased from (13.79±11.28)% to (3.72±4.56)%, the levels of LDL-C and TC decreased from (4.88±1.37)mmol/L and (3.30±1.06)mmol/L to (3.81±1.00)mmol/L and (2.20±0.64)mmol/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences when comparing to those before treatment(P<0.01). However, no statistically significant differences were found when comparing those indexes between the two groups(P>0.05). Results of Person liner regression analysis showed that there were no correlation in reduced value between platelet CD62P, LDL-C and TC before and after treatment(P>0.05).ConclusionStatins can improve platelet expression of CD62P of the patients after intra coronary stenting, which may be one of the important mechanisms that statins reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events.
【Key words】coronary heart disease; statin; platelet; CD62P
(收稿日期:2015-12-31修回日期:2016-02-26)
中圖分類號:R542.2+20.47
文獻標識碼:A
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1383.2016.01.003
作者簡介:譚保平,男,副主任醫(yī)師,醫(yī)學學士。E-mail: 13471201458@139.com
基金項目:廣西壯族自治區(qū)科技廳資助項目(桂科攻10124001B-17);廣西柳州市科技廳科研資助項目(2010030726)