武衛(wèi)鵬 鄧靖宇 梁寒 張汝鵬 吳亮亮 張李 侯亞超 謝興明 崔景利
·臨床研究與應(yīng)用·
遠(yuǎn)端胃癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)律及臨床意義*
武衛(wèi)鵬 鄧靖宇 梁寒 張汝鵬 吳亮亮 張李 侯亞超 謝興明 崔景利
目的:探討遠(yuǎn)端胃癌各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的特點(diǎn),指導(dǎo)遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治手術(shù)中淋巴結(jié)清掃的范圍。方法:回顧性分析2010年2月至2014年9月天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院遠(yuǎn)端胃癌患者773例接受D2(D2+)胃次全切除術(shù)的臨床病理資料,分析其淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移特點(diǎn)。結(jié)果:773例遠(yuǎn)端胃癌患者術(shù)后病理證實(shí)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移為423例(54.72%),各組淋巴結(jié)中發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的患者所占比例由高至低依次為NO.6、NO.3、NO.4sb、NO.5組淋巴結(jié)。N1淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率由高至低依次為NO.3、NO.6、NO.5、NO.4d組淋巴結(jié);N2淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率由高至低依次為NO.8a、NO.7、NO.1組淋巴結(jié)。50.68%的患者出現(xiàn)NO.8a組淋巴結(jié)跳躍性轉(zhuǎn)移。結(jié)論:遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治性手術(shù)應(yīng)注意NO.8a淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的可能性,必要時(shí)應(yīng)適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大淋巴結(jié)的清掃范圍。
胃癌 胃癌根治術(shù) 淋巴結(jié)清掃 淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移
胃癌是我國常見的惡性腫瘤之一,以遠(yuǎn)端胃癌最多見。淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是胃癌最常見的轉(zhuǎn)移途徑,手術(shù)殘留轉(zhuǎn)移的淋巴結(jié)是導(dǎo)致患者復(fù)發(fā)和死亡的重要因素。雖然D2手術(shù)作為胃癌根治術(shù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)術(shù)式已被廣泛接受[1-2],但如何確定不同胃癌部位患者術(shù)中淋巴結(jié)的清掃范圍以及術(shù)中判定是否需要擴(kuò)大淋巴結(jié)的清掃范圍尚無統(tǒng)一定論[3]。本研究通過對(duì)發(fā)生于胃下部三分之一的遠(yuǎn)端胃癌患者淋巴結(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)移特點(diǎn)及各組轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析,旨在探討遠(yuǎn)端胃癌患者行根治性手術(shù)中淋巴結(jié)的清掃范圍,并提出可疑轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)清掃的必要性。
1.1 一般資料
回顧性收集分析天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院2010年2月至2014年9月收治的773例遠(yuǎn)端胃癌患者接受胃次全切除+淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)(D2或D2+)的臨床病理資料。其中男性497例,女性276例,中位年齡58(19~86)歲。病例納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):1)腫瘤僅位于胃下部三分之一;2)經(jīng)病理檢查證實(shí)為胃癌;3)經(jīng)術(shù)前檢查、術(shù)中探查均無遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移;4)均行遠(yuǎn)端胃次全切除+D2(D2+)淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù),手術(shù)清掃淋巴結(jié)數(shù)目均在15枚以上;5)術(shù)后病理證實(shí)為R0切除。
1.2 方法
根據(jù)第13版日本《胃癌處理規(guī)約》[4],以解剖學(xué)基礎(chǔ)確定N分期,遠(yuǎn)端胃癌胃周淋巴結(jié)的分站如下:N1為NO.3、NO.4d、NO.5、NO.6組;N2為NO.1、NO.7、NO.8a、NO.9、NO.11p、NO.12a、NO.14v組;N3為NO.4sb、NO.8p、NO.12b、NO.12p、NO.13、NO.16a2、NO.16 b1組。按照UICC TNM分期(第7版)[5]標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行pT分期及pN分期。根據(jù)遠(yuǎn)端胃癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移途徑,分析胃周NO.1~NO.16組淋巴結(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)移情況[6]。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
使用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包分析處理數(shù)據(jù)。所有計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行雙側(cè)檢驗(yàn)。分析淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與浸潤深度等臨床病理特點(diǎn)的關(guān)系。構(gòu)建對(duì)照配對(duì)Logistic回歸模型以確定不同分組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的相關(guān)聯(lián)系,并且采用Akaike Information Criterion(AIC)和Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC)的最小值以確定最相關(guān)區(qū)域[7]。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與臨床病理特征的關(guān)系
本組773例患者行遠(yuǎn)端胃次全切除+D2(D2+)淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù),其中D2淋巴結(jié)清掃699例,D2+淋巴結(jié)清掃74例。術(shù)后病理證實(shí):分化型237例(乳頭狀腺癌9例、管狀腺癌228例),未分化型536例(低分化腺癌338例、黏液腺癌87例、印戒細(xì)胞癌111例)。清掃淋巴結(jié)共19 642枚,每例患者手術(shù)清掃平均為25.41枚。術(shù)后病理證實(shí)423例(54.72%)發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,各組淋巴結(jié)中發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的患者所占比例由高至低依次為NO.6組35.72%(244/683)、NO.3組34.67%(225/ 649)、NO.4sb組28.19%(73/259)、NO.5組27.98%(101/361)(表1)。全組轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)共3 002枚,全組患者總體淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率為15.28%,而每例患者出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)平均為3.88枚。在淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移范圍研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)第一站(N1,即胃周淋巴結(jié))轉(zhuǎn)移率由高至低依次為NO.3組(23.12%)、NO.6組(22.48%)、NO.5組(22.14%)、NO.4d組(19.92%);第二站(N2)的NO.8a、NO.7、NO.1組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率較高,分別為12.97%、11.42%、10.69%。而第三站(N3)的NO.16a2、NO.16b1組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率高達(dá)33.79%、18.56%。62例(8.02%)患者行NO.16組淋巴結(jié)清掃,按照UICC TNM分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Ⅰ/Ⅱ/ⅢA/ⅢB期患者的NO.16區(qū)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率較低,而ⅢC期患者的NO.16組淋巴結(jié)總清掃數(shù)目為91枚,術(shù)后病理證實(shí)為轉(zhuǎn)移有57枚,轉(zhuǎn)移率高達(dá)62.64%。
2.2 遠(yuǎn)端胃癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的分布
本組資料顯示:N1淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者360例(46.57%),其中僅轉(zhuǎn)移至N1而無N2、N3者111例(14.36%)。N1與N2淋巴結(jié)均出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移者219例(28.33%)。N1或N2淋巴結(jié)出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移而無N3轉(zhuǎn)移者314例(40.62%)。出現(xiàn)N3轉(zhuǎn)移者109例(24.60%),其中N1、N2與N3均出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移者60例(13.76%)。各站淋巴結(jié)之間除了常規(guī)的轉(zhuǎn)移途徑以外,還有從N1淋巴結(jié)→N3淋巴結(jié)、癌細(xì)胞直接→N2淋巴結(jié)的情況。本組資料出現(xiàn)跳躍淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移:N1轉(zhuǎn)移陰性,N2轉(zhuǎn)移陽性患者53例(6.86%);N2轉(zhuǎn)移陰性,N3轉(zhuǎn)移陽性患者40例(8.91%)。NO.7組淋巴結(jié)出現(xiàn)跳躍性轉(zhuǎn)移41例(34.45%),NO.8a組淋巴結(jié)出現(xiàn)跳躍性轉(zhuǎn)移47例(50.68%)、NO.11p組淋巴結(jié)出現(xiàn)跳躍性轉(zhuǎn)移11例(36.67%)。
2.3 各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的相互關(guān)系
不同站別各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移之間的關(guān)系見表2,3。采用Logistic回歸模型,通過計(jì)算AIC、BIC的最小值確定與N2淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移最相關(guān)的N1淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組別,同理證實(shí)與N3淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移最相關(guān)的N2淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組別(表4,5)。
表1 773例患者各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移患者比例、清掃淋巴結(jié)總數(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)總數(shù)及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率Table 1 Proportion of patients with lymph node metastasis,total number of lymph node dissected,total number of lymph node metastasis and nodal me?tastasis rate in 773 cases
表1 773例患者各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移患者比例、清掃淋巴結(jié)總數(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)總數(shù)及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率(續(xù)表1)Table 1 Proportion of patients with lymph node metastasis,total number of lymph node dissected,total number of lymph node metastasis and nodal me?tastasis rate in 773 cases
表2 第二站各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與第一站各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系Table 2 Correlation of lymph node metastasis between the groups of the first and second tiers
表3 第三站各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與第二站各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系Table 3 Correlation of lymph node metastasis between the groups of the second and third tiers
表3 第三站各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與第二站各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系(續(xù)表3)Table 3 Correlation of lymph node metastasis between the groups of the second and third tiers
表4 與第二站各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的第一站各組淋巴結(jié)區(qū)Table 4 Nodal areas in the groups of the first tier associated with the nodal metastasis in the groups of the second tier
表5 與第三站各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的第二站各組淋巴結(jié)區(qū)Table 5 Nodal areas in the groups of the second tier associated with the nodal metastasis in the groups of the third tier
表5 與第三站各組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的第二站各組淋巴結(jié)區(qū)(續(xù)表5)Table 5 Nodal areas in the groups of the second tier associated with the nodal metastasis in the groups of the third tier
胃癌是臨床常見的惡性腫瘤,在我國惡性腫瘤死因中居第2位。目前外科手術(shù)是治療胃癌的主要手段,局部病灶切除加區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)清掃仍是胃癌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)術(shù)式。Tanizawa等[8]最先提出沿腹腔動(dòng)脈分布的淋巴結(jié)與胃癌轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān),淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響胃癌治療和預(yù)后的關(guān)鍵因素[9],徹底清掃胃周轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)可改善患者的預(yù)后。近年來胃周淋巴引流及胃癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)律在胃癌研究中的地位越來越顯著[10]。本組資料標(biāo)本的病理檢查方法、淋巴結(jié)分組原則及診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),均涉及根據(jù)淋巴結(jié)的解剖位置進(jìn)行N分期,故遵循第13版日本《胃癌處理規(guī)約》。本研究顯示,出現(xiàn)胃周淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者比例為54.72%,說明遠(yuǎn)端胃癌手術(shù)淋巴結(jié)清掃的必要性。
按照胃周血管的分布,胃癌第一站淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移明顯高于其他區(qū)域。本組患者臨床資料顯示,各組淋巴結(jié)中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者所占比例最高為NO.6、NO.3組,分別為35.72%、34.67%,這與以往研究相符[11],其次為NO.4sb、NO.5組,分別為28.19%、27.98%。因此對(duì)遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù),NO.6、NO.3組淋巴結(jié)應(yīng)徹底清掃;NO.4sb、NO.5組淋巴結(jié)應(yīng)根據(jù)術(shù)中具體情況酌情加大清掃程度。故第3版日本《胃癌治療指南》將遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)中NO.4sb組淋巴結(jié)劃分為D1的范圍是合理的。遠(yuǎn)端胃癌轉(zhuǎn)移率較高的腹膜后淋巴結(jié)依次為 NO.8a(12.97%)、NO.8p(11.90%)、NO.7(11.42%)、NO.13(9.25%)、NO.9(7.65%)組淋巴結(jié),與以往的報(bào)道也基本一致[12]。說明一旦患者發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,腹膜后的NO.8a、NO.8p、NO.7、NO.13、NO.9組淋巴結(jié)最可能被浸潤,故術(shù)中應(yīng)注意清掃上述幾組腹膜后淋巴結(jié),以達(dá)到根治的效果。N3中NO.16a2、NO.4sb、NO.16b1、NO.8p組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率高達(dá)33.79%、23.58%、18.56%、11.90%,說明一旦轉(zhuǎn)移至這幾組淋巴結(jié),會(huì)迅速擴(kuò)展,所以若術(shù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)NO.16a2、NO.4sb、NO.16b1、NO.8p組淋巴結(jié)可疑受侵,需注意在安全情況下盡可能地廣泛清掃。
能否徹底清除已有轉(zhuǎn)移的淋巴結(jié)是決定患者預(yù)后的一個(gè)主要因素。由本組資料不同站別轉(zhuǎn)移陽性淋巴結(jié)之間的關(guān)系,第二站淋巴結(jié)組(除NO.14v組外)出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移與第一站的NO.3、NO.5、NO.6組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān),充分說明徹底清掃NO.3、NO.5、NO.6組淋巴結(jié)的必要性。與第二站NO.1、NO.7、NO.8a、NO.9、NO.11p、NO.12a、NO.14v組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移最相關(guān)的第一站淋巴結(jié)組依次為:NO.4d、NO.5、NO.5、NO.5、NO.6、NO.5、NO.4d組;與第三站NO.4sb、NO.8p、NO.12b、NO.12p、NO.13、NO.16a2、NO.16b1組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移最相關(guān)的第Ⅱ站淋巴結(jié)組依次為:NO.9、NO.9、NO.14v、NO.1、NO.1、NO.14v、NO.9組淋巴結(jié)。故不同淋巴結(jié)組轉(zhuǎn)移情況可以預(yù)測遠(yuǎn)處對(duì)應(yīng)淋巴結(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)移[13],因此若某一淋巴結(jié)組可疑轉(zhuǎn)移,應(yīng)該常規(guī)清掃與之轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)的遠(yuǎn)處淋巴結(jié)組,以達(dá)到根治目的。
根據(jù)胃的淋巴流向與轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)律,胃癌腹腔內(nèi)淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移的最終歸屬是腹主動(dòng)脈旁淋巴結(jié),也是淋巴最終轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)入胸導(dǎo)管的屏障。胃的淋巴流入腹主動(dòng)脈周圍淋巴結(jié)途徑有兩條[14-15],一是沿胃供血?jiǎng)用}逆行至其根部,另一途徑是通過后腹膜淋巴結(jié)及淋巴管與腹主動(dòng)脈周圍淋巴結(jié)吻合。一般來講,胃周淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移途徑可認(rèn)為有:NO.5、6→8a→9→16;NO.4d→6→14v→16;NO.5→3→7→9→16;NO.12a→8a→9→16;NO.6→11,即淋巴結(jié)是由第一站至第二站而后到達(dá)第三站的順序轉(zhuǎn)移。然而近些年來日本學(xué)者在腫瘤周圍漿膜下注入放射性同位素,發(fā)現(xiàn)引流胃的第一、二及三站淋巴結(jié)均有淋巴管與腹主動(dòng)脈旁淋巴結(jié)直接交通,揭示腹主動(dòng)脈旁淋巴結(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)移不再遵循胃周淋巴結(jié)由近及遠(yuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)律,而是出現(xiàn)跳躍式轉(zhuǎn)移[16]。本組研究結(jié)果顯示絕大部分跳躍轉(zhuǎn)移出現(xiàn)在NO.8a、NO.11p、NO.7組淋巴結(jié)。因此對(duì)于第一站淋巴結(jié)未出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者應(yīng)注意是否出現(xiàn)NO.8a、NO.11p、NO.7組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移。
胃癌腹主動(dòng)脈旁淋巴結(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)移主要集中在NO.16a2、NO.16b1組,因此對(duì)胃癌患者行腹主動(dòng)脈旁淋巴結(jié)清掃應(yīng)集中在這2個(gè)區(qū)域,既保證手術(shù)的徹底性,又減少了大量清掃腹主動(dòng)脈旁淋巴結(jié)而引起的各種并發(fā)癥。Takashima等[17]報(bào)道,進(jìn)展期胃癌NO.16組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率約21%,本組病例發(fā)生NO.16a2、NO.16b1組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率高達(dá)33.79%、18.56%,究其原因可能與本組樣本數(shù)量較少,以及19例行?
NO.16組淋巴結(jié)清掃的ⅢC期患者病情偏晚期而術(shù)中加大對(duì)此區(qū)淋巴結(jié)的清掃有關(guān)。由于淋巴結(jié)內(nèi)的微小轉(zhuǎn)移灶術(shù)中難以憑肉眼判斷,加上16a2、16b1淋巴結(jié)解剖位置較深且數(shù)量多,故術(shù)中難以判斷腹主動(dòng)脈旁淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況。通過本組資料的結(jié)果分析,臨床上預(yù)測腹主動(dòng)脈旁淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移可根據(jù)術(shù)中對(duì)NO.14v、NO.12a、NO.9及NO.1組淋巴結(jié)的判斷,參考胃癌浸潤深度、癌組織學(xué)類型和分化程度、腫瘤部位、腫瘤大體類型及腫瘤大小等因素來評(píng)估是否清掃NO.16a2、NO.16b1組淋巴結(jié)。
總之,關(guān)于淋巴結(jié)清掃范圍,目前主張根據(jù)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率判定,通常對(duì)于第一站淋巴結(jié)應(yīng)行全部清掃;對(duì)于第二站淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率比較高的部位予以常規(guī)清掃,對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)移率較低者,應(yīng)根據(jù)病理因素以及術(shù)中所見確定是否進(jìn)行清掃。對(duì)遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)應(yīng)重視淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)目對(duì)胃癌預(yù)后的影響,估計(jì)區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)目較多者,應(yīng)在充分探查的基礎(chǔ)上,適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大淋巴結(jié)清除范圍。在臨床上按照患者實(shí)際情況,靈活掌握清掃范圍,以期胃癌周圍淋巴結(jié)能實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)體化的清掃,改善預(yù)后及提高整體生存率。
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(2015-03-27收稿)
(2015-06-24修回)
(編輯:邢穎)
Regularity of lymph node metastasis in distal gastric cancer and its clinical significance
Weipeng WU,Jingyu DENG,Han LIANG,Rupeng ZHANG,Liangliang WU,Li ZHANG,Yachao HOU,Xingming XIE,Jingli CUI
Department of Gastroenterology,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin 300060,China
This study was partially supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2010CB529301) and the Tianjin Science and Technology Project(No.12ZCDZSY16400)
Objective:The characteristics of lymph node metastasis were investigated to guide the range of lymph node dissection during the radical operation of distal gastric cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 773 patients with distal gastric cancer who underwent radical distal subtotal gastrectomy at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between February 2010 and September 2014 were reviewed and analyzed to infer the potential clinical mechanisms of lymph node metastasis.Results:Among the included patients,423(54.72%)had lymph node metastasis.The proportion of metastasis in the patients from the highest to the lowest rate was observed in group NO.6,3,4sb,and 5 lymph nodes.The metastasis rates of the N1 lymph nodes from the highest to the lowest were observed in group NO.3,6,5,and 4d lymph nodes,whereas those of the N2 lymph nodes occurred in group NO.8a,7,and 1 lymph nodes.Group NO.8a lymph node with skipped metastasis was observed in 50.68%of the patients.Conclusion:During radical distal gastric cancer surgery,attention should be given to the possibility of metastasis in group NO.8a lymph node.Appropriate extension of the lymph node dissection should be conducted when necessary.
gastric cancer,gastrectomy,lymph node dissection,lymph node metastasis
10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2015.18.183
天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院胃部腫瘤科,國家腫瘤臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心,天津市腫瘤防治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(天津市300060)
*本文課題受國家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(973計(jì)劃)(編號(hào):2010CB529301)和天津市科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):12ZCDZSY16400)資助
梁寒 tjlianghan@126.com
武衛(wèi)鵬 專業(yè)方向?yàn)槲覆磕[瘤的診斷與治療。
E-mail:07wwp@163.com