張紅霞

摘要：閱讀理解題型是英語(yǔ)學(xué)科題型中一個(gè)常規(guī)而又很重要的題型，只要掌握正確的方法，就可以做好英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型的問(wèn)題。本文介紹了幾種方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀理解 解題方法

DOI：

10.16657/j.cnki.issn1673-9132.2016.03.182

閱讀理解題型是英語(yǔ)學(xué)科題型中一個(gè)常規(guī)而又很重要的題型，尤其是在考試中，占得分值比較多，非常重要的得分點(diǎn)，可以說(shuō)英語(yǔ)成績(jī)的好壞和是否做好閱讀理解題型有著十分重要的關(guān)系。本文從歸納了三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方法來(lái)做好英語(yǔ)的閱讀理解題型。

一、找關(guān)鍵詞法

找關(guān)鍵詞法即首先閱讀題目，找出該題的關(guān)鍵詞，再根據(jù)這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞在短文中定位所需要的信息。

舉例：閱讀短文，完成下列各題。

Today is my sisters birthday.My mother and I want to ?buy things for the birthday party. Now we are making a shopping list.We should buy a big birthday cake.And we need one kilo ?of oranges， ?two ?kilos ?of apples. ?We ?also ?need ?to ?buy ?half ?a ?kolo ?of cheese。 ?We want six bottles of milk and six bottles of juice.

1.What are we doing now？

2.How much cheese do we need to buy？

3.How many bottles of drinks do we want？

方法點(diǎn)撥：

1.本題用找關(guān)鍵詞法。題目詢問(wèn)的是我們正在做什么。由關(guān)鍵詞now對(duì)應(yīng)原文

“Now we are making a shopping list.”可知我們正在列購(gòu)物清單。答案為：We are ? ? making a shopping list.

2.本題用找關(guān)鍵詞法。題目詢問(wèn)的是我們需要買多少奶酪。由關(guān)鍵詞cheese對(duì)應(yīng) ? ?原文“We also need to buy half a kilo of cheese.”可知我們需要半千克奶酪。答案為：Half a kilo.

3.本題用找關(guān)鍵詞法。由題目中的關(guān)鍵詞bottles of drinks可知詢問(wèn)的是需要飲料的 ? ?瓶數(shù)，對(duì)應(yīng)原文“...six bottles of milk and six bottles of juice.”可知是六瓶牛奶和六瓶果汁，總共十二瓶。答案為：Twelve bottles.

二、略讀法

略讀法（又名跳讀法）是一種非常實(shí)用的快速閱讀技巧。閱讀過(guò)程中要跳過(guò)某些細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行有選擇的閱讀，以抓住文章大意，節(jié)省閱讀時(shí)間。

舉例：閱讀短文，完成下面的題目。

Jack is an American boy. ?He is in Bejing with his family. ?In the morning， ?he gets up at six. ?Then he does morning exercises with his dad. ?He has breakfast at seven. After breakfast he goes to school by bus. ?His class starts at half past eight.

Jack has three classes in the morning and three classes in the afternoon.He likes Chinese best.He has lunch at school.After school he plays football with his friends in the playground.He goes home at five.He does his homework at home.After dinner， he watches TV.He goes to bed before ten.

Circle what Jack does in a day.

get up，take a shower，do morning exercises

read English，have breakfast，go to school

have classes，play football，play computer games

do homework，do housework，watch TV

方法點(diǎn)撥：解答此類題可用略讀法。題目要求圈出杰克一天的活動(dòng)。通過(guò)跳讀，獲知杰克一天的活動(dòng)如下：get up，do morning exercises，have breakfast，go to school， ?have classes，play football， do homework，watch TV。

三、提示詞法

提示詞常用來(lái)說(shuō)明前后的遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。根據(jù)提示詞來(lái)判斷句子成分之間、句子句子之間關(guān)系的閱讀方法稱為提示詞閱讀法

舉例：閱讀短文，完成下列各題。

My name is Mary. I can do many interesting things in each season.In spring，it's warm and windy.I can plant trees and fly kites.Summer is hot and rainy in the north of China.I often go ?swimming.It makes me healthy and strong.I can also eat ice cream and watermelons .Autumn is a golden season.I can pick many delicious fruits.I like autumn best，because I like the National ?Day and the Mid-Autumn Festival very much.Winter comes after autumn.It often snows in my hometown.I can go outside and play in the snow with ?my friends.Which season do you like best？

1.In spring，it's ___ and ___.I can __ and___.

2.Summer is ___and __ in the north of China.

3.Why does Mary like autumn best？

方法點(diǎn)撥：

本題可用尋讀法。由句子中的In spring可以迅速在短文中找到第三句"In spring， ? ?it's warm and windy.”和第四句"1 can plant trees and fly kites.”，經(jīng)過(guò)比對(duì)，四個(gè)空依次應(yīng)填warm，windy，plant trees和fly kites。以此類推，第2個(gè)問(wèn)題應(yīng)填hot和rainy。第三個(gè)問(wèn)題答案為Because she likes the National Day and the Mid-Autumn ?Festival very much.

只要掌握正確的方法，就可以做好英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型的問(wèn)題，不過(guò)法無(wú)定法，本文中的例題都是單獨(dú)的，實(shí)際考試中可能會(huì)有綜合題型，就需要綜合運(yùn)用兩種或多種方法來(lái)進(jìn)行解答，從而更好的解決問(wèn)題。

（責(zé)編 張景賢）