摘要:胃癌嚴(yán)重危害人類(lèi)健康,大多數(shù)胃癌患者在確診時(shí)分期較晚,因而積極有效的內(nèi)科治療越來(lái)越受到重視。本文就姑息性化療、靶向治療的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要闡述。
關(guān)鍵詞:晚期胃癌;姑息化療;靶向治療
全球范圍內(nèi),胃癌是最常見(jiàn)的癌癥之一,位居癌癥死因第二位[1]。胃癌發(fā)病率最高是在東亞、東歐、南美地區(qū)[2,3],胃癌早期癥狀不典型,一經(jīng)診斷,往往已經(jīng)處于晚期失去手術(shù)機(jī)會(huì)。 所以?xún)?nèi)科治療尤為重要。
1姑息化療
JCOG9912研究[4]隨機(jī)分成5-FU組、IP組和S-1組。結(jié)果顯示,三組的RR分別為9%、38%和28%,中位PFS分別為2.9個(gè)月、4.8個(gè)月和4.2個(gè)月,中位OS分別為10.8個(gè)月、12.3個(gè)月和11.4個(gè)月。
FLAGS[5]CS方案和CF方案一線(xiàn)治療晚期胃癌的生存無(wú)顯著差異,但CS方案更為安全。對(duì)于彌漫型患者,CS方案可能優(yōu)于CF方案(9.0個(gè)月vs 7.1個(gè)月),仍有待更多的前瞻性研究。
SPIRITS[6]S-1+順鉑組和S-1單藥組的中位OS分別為13.0個(gè)月和11.0個(gè)月;中位PFS分別為6.0個(gè)月和4.0個(gè)月; RR分別為54%和31%。S-1+順鉑組出現(xiàn)3~4度不良反應(yīng)較多,但兩組均未出現(xiàn)治療相關(guān)性死亡。
ML17032[7]中, XP 組與CF 組的中位PFS 分別為5. 6 個(gè)月vs. 5. 0 個(gè)月,OS 分別為10.5個(gè)月vs9.3個(gè)月,客觀有效率分別為41% vs29%。毒副反應(yīng)均與CF 組相似。
目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外最新的Ⅲ期臨床試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,接受聯(lián)合化療的中位OS在8.6個(gè)月到13.0個(gè)月之間[8-11]。
2靶向治療
2.1抗HER2單抗 Bang等[12]報(bào)道了ToGA研究結(jié)果。與單純化療組相比,曲妥珠單抗聯(lián)合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療方案總生存期延長(zhǎng)了2.7mo。GI[13,14]會(huì)議上 ,分別報(bào)告了曲妥珠單抗聯(lián)合化療在療效指標(biāo)方面,曲妥珠單抗聯(lián)合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療方案較單一化療方案其總生存延長(zhǎng)了2.7個(gè)月。
2.2抗EGFR 單抗 西妥昔單抗聯(lián)合卡培他濱與順鉑一線(xiàn)治療晚期胃癌的隨機(jī)對(duì)照Ⅲ期臨床研究(EXPAND)[15]。該研究未達(dá)到主要研究終點(diǎn),即聯(lián)合治療組并未延長(zhǎng)PFS。(REAL3)結(jié)果[16]該研究以O(shè)S 為主要研究終點(diǎn),聯(lián)合帕尼單抗組vs. 單獨(dú)化療組:PFS 6.0 個(gè)月vs. 7.4 個(gè)月;OS 8.8 個(gè)月vs. 11.3 個(gè)月。
2.3抗VEGF 單抗 AVAGAST[17]中位OS 聯(lián)合治療組為12.1 個(gè)月,對(duì)照組為10.1個(gè)月,沒(méi)有達(dá)到主要研究終點(diǎn)。
3結(jié)語(yǔ)
胃癌是異質(zhì)性較強(qiáng)的疾病,其治療仍面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)。需進(jìn)一步探索新的化療藥物、優(yōu)化藥物組合、開(kāi)展多學(xué)科綜合治療。
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編輯/孫杰