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        ThePerspectiveofTragedyintheBookofJob

        2015-04-16 00:32:15河北美術(shù)學(xué)院
        散文百家 2015年4期
        關(guān)鍵詞:約伯圣經(jīng)美術(shù)學(xué)院

        河北美術(shù)學(xué)院

        張立芳 寧貴霞

        ThePerspectiveofTragedyintheBookofJob

        河北美術(shù)學(xué)院

        張立芳寧貴霞

        TheBookofJobandGreektragedyhavetheprofoundhistoricalorigin.Althoughitisnotarealsenseoftragedy,ithas naturaltragicingredientsandinheritedtragicingredientsfromGreektragedy.TheBookofJobisnotonlyanepicorapoeticdrama,but alsocontainstragicperspective.

        tragedy;BookofJob;Greektragedy

        1.Tragedy

        Althoughthereisnoformulafordecidingwhatconstitutes thetragic,mostpeoplehaveageneralideaofwhattragedyis about.AsGeorgeSteinerputsitsuccinctly,“Tragediesendbadly.”Thoughmattersareneversosimple,asindicatedbelow,itis commonlyacknowledgedthattragedyportraystheheroesriseand fall,whatFryereferstoastragedy’sbinaryform.

        Tragedyinvolvescatastrophe,andthecatastrophicevents thatbringthetragictaletoclosureareirreparableandirreversible.Butthetragicismorefullyarticulatedinsomeworks thanothers.AsH.A.Masonpointsout,therearedegreesof tragedy.“Weare,”henotes,“alwaysreadytosay,‘thisismore tragicthanthat’…”

        2.TheperspectiveoftragedyinTheBookofJob

        TheBookofJobprobablycameintobeinginHellenisticPeriodbetween4thcenturyADand3rdcenturyAD.Thepoetic formmaydirectlyaffectedbyGreektragedy.Thecontentand languagealsohaveGreektragictrace.Theideologicaltrait,althoughstillhasitsownHebrewreligiousfeeling,italsopresent someobviousGreektragedybreath.

        NeitherinformnorincontentdidtheancientHebrewproduceanyliteratureresemblingGreektragedy.Greektragedywas basedonmythologicaltalesinwhichgodsappearlikemen.A constantthemeinworkssuchasPrometheusBoundandOedipus Rexisthematerializationofthesphereofthegodsanditseffects amongmortals.TheBible,ontheotherhand,thoughitcontains instancesofthedialogicrelationshipbetweenmanandhiscreator, typicallyplacesthegodheadatalevelofintensityandabstraction farbeyondhumancomprehension.Therepresentationbeforean audienceofadivinityorsemidivinityisquiteinconceivableina societywhichtakesthecommandment,“youshallnotmakefor yourselfagravenimage,oranylikenessofanythingthatisin heavenabove”initsmostabsolutesense.

        TheBookofJobdealswiththeuniversalconcernforandinterestinthesubjectofhumansuffering.Ithasabeginning,dramaticchange,andanend.JobbeginswithaGod-fearingrighteousman,livingahappylife.Outofexpectation,hewastested, afflictedbyGod,stuckbyonedisasterafteranother,butJobconsistentlyrefusestocompromisethehonestyofhisownlife.Eventually,theLordanswershimoutofawhirlwind.Jobconcedesand wasrewardedwithhealth,wealthandprestige.Theauthorprobes themysteryofundeservedsufferingandexistenceofevilina worldsupposedlycreatedbyagoodandall-powerfulGod.The authordoesnotintendtomakeJobatragicfigure,butrathera triumphantone.Heisalsoagloriousnon-conformist.Jobisalwaysverymuchalive,aliveeveningreatphysicalandspiritual affliction.Itisthisawarenessthatmakesahumanbeingahuman being,notarobot.ThismessagerendersJobasatimelessdiscourse,speakingtomenandwomenofourageaswellastothose ofpastmillennia.

        TheBookofJobendswithJobconcedesandwasrewarded withhealth,wealthandprestige.Thisseeminglyhappyendingalmostletsthetragicforcevanish.Actuallythisisahiddennegativeending.Job’ssilenceandcompromisejustadmitthegreatnessofGodandthehelplessnessofhumanbeing.Asfortheintegrityheneveryields.Hesays,“Ihaveheardoftheebythe hearingoftheear.Butnowmineeyeseethethee.WhereforeI abhormyself.”Hehateshimselfnotbecauseheadmitsheis wrongbutbecauseheseeshowtinyandhelplesshumanbeingis beforeGod.WhiletheforgivenessofJob’soffenceisjustlikethe punishmenttoJob’sinnocenceatthebeginning,allofwhichjust showGod’sintangibility.Itdeniesmen’swishtoplayuptoGod throughgoodness.AlthoughJobregainshappiness,helosessafety forever.Theendingquietlydestroyshuman’srighteousnessprincipleofgoodisrewarded.TheBookofJobshowshuman’sirresistibleexistencedilemmaandthebraveactiontoquestionwhen theyfacethechangeablefate.Themoreitdeniesthepossibilityto getridofthedilemmathroughjustice,themoreitcaninspire theirpositivedefensetojusticeandtheexplorationofrescuefrom theirheart.Inthisway,theaestheticfeelingoftragedycomesinto beinginhuman’sstrongwishtoanswerthelivingperplexities.

        3.Conclusion

        Tosumup,TheBookofJobisnotonlyanepicorapoetic drama,butalsocontainstragicperspective.

        Bibliography

        王蓓,《圣經(jīng)》的悲劇美[J],外國文學(xué)評論,2010.4.13.

        一、在自讀中感知課文的魅力

        趙錚,從百葉窗射進(jìn)的悲劇性—《約伯記》中的悲劇成分與古希臘悲劇的幾點(diǎn)異同[J],湖州師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2003年第4期張纓,上帝的權(quán)能與智慧—《約伯記》中神意主題的展開[J],圣經(jīng)文學(xué)研究,2008年。

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