孫 真,薛 穎,王東霞,王 英 (解放軍第二炮兵總醫(yī)院呼吸科,北京 100088)
血清HGF和IL-6水平與非小細胞肺癌預后的相關性研究
孫真,薛穎,王東霞,王英(解放軍第二炮兵總醫(yī)院呼吸科,北京 100088)
[摘要]目的研究非小細胞肺癌患者血清中HGF和IL-6水平與其預后的相關性。 方法我院2013年3月至2014年5月109例患者進行肺癌根治手術,術前檢測血清中HGF和IL-6的濃度,術后對所有患者隨訪1年。患者腫瘤分期:Ⅰ-Ⅱ期組67例、Ⅲ期組38例及IV期組2例;腫瘤類型:腺癌(ADC)患者79例、鱗癌(SCC)患者26例以及4名其他非小細胞肺癌患者;TNM分期:pN(-)組72例、pN(+)組31例;pT(T1-T2)組77例、pT(T3-T4)組28例。結果血清中HGF和IL-6的平均濃度分別為860 pg/mL和2.7 pg/mL。生存分析顯示血清HGF水平并不影響非小細胞肺癌患者的腫瘤分期及分型,而鱗癌組患者血清IL-6水平明顯低于其他癌癥類型患者(P=0.001)。高HGF和IL-6組的患者總生存率要差于低HGF和IL-6組的患者,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(HGF,P=0.019;IL-6,P=0.002)。Ⅲ期患者中分析顯示,與低HGF和IL-6組的患者比較,高HGF和IL-6組表現(xiàn)出較差的總生存率。結論HGF和IL-6的水平可作為預測非小細胞肺癌患者預后的有效指標。
[關鍵詞]非小細胞肺癌;血清;肝臟生長因子;白細胞介素
肺癌是世界上發(fā)病率較高的惡性腫瘤[1-2],目前尚無有效針對肺癌的腫瘤標志物以達到早期診斷、早期治療的目的。因此選取有效的血清學標志預測Ⅲ期非小細胞肺癌患者的預后對于治療方案的選擇有重要的指導意義。肝細胞生長因子(hepatic growth factor,HGF)是肝臟的再生過程釋放到血液中的一種因子[3-4],可以通過增強腫瘤細胞的遷移能力和促進血管生成,進而促進腫瘤的增殖和遷移[5]。大多數(shù)表皮細胞和癌細胞表明均有HGF受體(c-MET)和原癌基因表達產物[6]。血清或腫瘤組織中HGF的濃度與多種癌癥的進展相關[7-10]。白細胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)具有多種功能并且在多種腫瘤中表現(xiàn)出促進腫瘤進展的能力[11],可以通過激活小鼠肺泡上皮細胞的STAT3通路介導炎癥的發(fā)生和肺腺癌的發(fā)生[12]。人肺腺癌細胞突變的表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)可以通過上調IL-6的表達進而激活STAT3途徑[13]。目前對于血清中HGF和IL-6的水平能否作為非小細胞肺癌預后的因素目前仍不清楚。本研究旨在通過這項研究明確非小細胞肺癌患者血清中HGF和IL-6的水平和其生存率之間的關系。
1資料與方法
1.1臨床資料
我院2013年3月至2014年5月109例患者進行肺癌根治手術,其中男67例,女42例。53例年齡大于66歲,55例小于等于66歲。按照UICC第7版的標準對腫瘤進行病理學分期。按照腫瘤分期109例患者分為I-Ⅱ期組67例、Ⅲ期組38例及IV期組2例。109例患者包括腺癌(adenocarcinoma,ADC)患者79例、鱗癌(squamous carcinoma,SCC)患者26例以及4例其他非小細胞肺癌患者,分別為ADC組、SCC組和其它組。按照TNM分期109例患者分成pN(-)組72例、pN(+)組31例;pT(T1-T2)組77例、pT(T3-T4)組28例。
1.2檢測方法
109例患者手術前均采血,血樣在室溫靜置20 min,隨后5 800 g離心5 min,分離血清,于-70 ℃凍存。使用ELISA試劑盒(eBioscience公司)檢測血清中HGF和IL-6的水平。
1.3統(tǒng)計學分析
臨床結果的關系以及HGF和IL-6含量分析采用Mann Whitney或者Kruskal Wallis test方法分析。采用Spearman’s rank correlation test對相關性進行分析。采用log-rank檢驗對預后相關單因素進行分析,采用Cox比例風險模型對預后相關的多因素進行分析,最終采用SPSS 19.0軟件對數(shù)據進行統(tǒng)計學分析。P<0.05為具有統(tǒng)計學差異。
2結果
2.1患者血清HGF和IL-6水平
血清HGF水平范圍為215~2 000 pg/mL,平均水平875 pg/mL。對于年齡、性別、腫瘤種類、腫瘤分期、pN及pT因素分組的患者的HGF水平比較,并無顯著性統(tǒng)計學差異(P=0.584,P=0.086);血清IL-6水平范圍為0~62.0 pg/mL,中值水平2.7 pg/mL,平均水平5.0 pg/mL。SCC組患者及大于66歲患者的IL-6水平顯著性高于其他組,且不同腫瘤類型患者的IL-6水平也存在明顯統(tǒng)計學差異,P=0.001具有統(tǒng)計學差異。
2.2生存率相關分析
對各個分期的患者(Ⅰ期50例,Ⅱ期17例,Ⅲ期38例)進行整體生存率分析比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者與Ⅲ期患者的生存率存在統(tǒng)計學差異(P<0.001)。雖然Ⅱ期患者人數(shù)較少,但Ⅱ期患者都接受了和I期患者同樣的手術,因此本研究中將Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期患者合并分析。腫瘤大小(T因素)也是一個非常重要的預后因子。
腺癌患者的預后明顯好于其他類的非小細胞肺癌患者(P=0.007)。女性患者的預后好于男性患者(P=0.023)。對單個因素進行統(tǒng)計學分析發(fā)現(xiàn):性別、分期、組織學分型、HGF水平、IL-6水平、pT和pN對整體生存率都有影響;對多因素進行統(tǒng)計學分析發(fā)現(xiàn):IL-6 (P=0.034,HR=3.46),淋巴結轉移pN因素(P=0.004,HR=3.71)以及pT因素(P=0.001,HR=4.41)具有顯著性統(tǒng)計學差異(見表2)。
單因素分析結果顯示組織學分型、分期、pN因素以及pT因素都具有統(tǒng)計學差異;多因素分析結果顯示組織學分型(P=0.02,HR=2.40)和pN 因素(P=0.036,HR=2.41)具有統(tǒng)計學差異。
2.3Ⅲ期臨床患者生存率相關分析
對Ⅲ期臨床患者進行整體生存率的多因素分析發(fā)現(xiàn):高血清HGF水平(P=0.038,HR=3.97)以及高血清IL-6水平(P=0.045,HR=4.76)的患者預后較差。非ADC的NSCLC患者的預后相比ADC患者較差,盡管組織學分型會影響IL-6的血清水平,但納入IL-6后上述差異便沒有了統(tǒng)計學意義。另一方面,HGF和IL-6血清水平與Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者整體生存率和無病生存率無關聯(lián)。
3討論
HGF是一個促浸潤刺激因子,其可以誘導細胞分化,高血清HGF水平可作為潛在的轉移標記[14-15]。也有報道[16]稱腫瘤細胞或炎癥細胞分泌的IL-6能夠刺激肺部成纖維細胞分泌HGF。IL-6直接刺激肺部腫瘤的發(fā)展[13]。還有文獻[17-18]報道稱IL-6水平會隨著NSCLC分期的進展而增加,推測出低水平的血清IL-6與好的化學治療效果的相關性。若腫瘤細胞從初始腫瘤位點轉移,則會刺激局部釋放IL-6和HGF,這將會加劇疾病發(fā)生。本研究結果顯示了HGF和IL-6水平的相關性,認為IL-6水平一定程度上可以反映HGF的血清水平。
無病生存率受這些細胞因子的影響,但癌癥復發(fā)率與這些細胞因子水平并無關聯(lián)。化學治療將會影響整體生存率。Kasahara等[19]分析了晚期NSCLC患者的HGF血清水平。發(fā)現(xiàn)吉非替尼耐受與HGF的水平相關,這與前期研究[20-21]證明的HGF/MET信號通路在EGFR突變的NSCLC患者對吉非替尼耐受中起重要作用是一致的。IL-6也可作為前列腺癌癥患者耐受多靶點的受體酪氨酸激酶抑制劑的生物學標志物[22]。本研究中,對可切除Ⅲ期NSCLC癌癥的患者使用紫杉醇和卡鉑進行輔助化學治療,結果顯示HGF和IL-6會誘導對化學治療的耐受。已有報道[23-24]稱IL-6通過激活細胞內PI3K/AKT和STAT3信號通路降低癌細胞對化學藥物的敏感度,例如紫杉醇和卡鉑;而HGF也具有相似的功能。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),患者血清HGF水平并不影響非小細胞肺癌患者的腫瘤分期及分型。不同性別、年齡、TNM分期的患者HGF水平也無顯著性統(tǒng)計學差異。而鱗癌組患者血清IL-6水平明顯低于其他癌癥類型患者。對患者生存率的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),高HGF和IL-6組的患者總生存率要差于低HGF和IL-6組的患者,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。單獨在Ⅲ期患者中分析同樣顯示,相比低HGF和IL-6組的患者,高HGF和IL-6組同樣表現(xiàn)出較差的總生存率,說明HGF和IL-6可作為癌癥治療的分子標靶,低血清IL-6和HGF水平Ⅲ期NSCLC患者采用手術治療方案能獲得更長的生存期。
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(編輯:左艷芳)
Correlation research between prognosis of NSCLC patient and serum levels of HGF and IL-6
SUN Zhen,XUE Ying,WANG Dong-xia,WANG Ying(Department of Respiratory Medicine,PLA Second Artillery General Hospital,Beijing 100088, China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the correlation between prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient and serum levels of HGF and IL-6. MethodsEligible 109 NSCLC patients and preoperative blood samples of each patient in our hospital from March 2013 to May 2014 were collected.Then the levels of HGF and IL-6 of serum samples were detected by using ELISA kit.All patients were followed up for 1 year.The neoplasm staging:67 cases were staging Ⅰ-Ⅱ,38 cases were staging Ⅲ,2 cases were staging IV.There were 79 cases with adenomatous carcinoma(ADC),26 cases with squamous carcinoma(SCC) and 4 cases with NSCLC.According to the TNM staging,there were 79 cases in pN(-) group,31 in pN(+) group,77 in pT(T1-T2) group and 28 in pT(T3-T4) group. ResultsThe average concentration of HGF and IL-6 in serum were 860 pg/mL and 2.7 pg/mL respectively.Analysis of survival indicated that,compared to those patient with lower serum level of HGF and IL-6,the survival rate of patient with high serum level was much lower.The difference was statistically significant (HGF,P=0.019;IL-6,P=0.002).The analysis of the patients with stage Ⅲ disease separately also indicated that survival rate of patient with lower serum of HGF and IL-6 was higher than others. ConclusionThe serum levels of HGF and IL-6 might be a effective indicators for predicting prognosis of the NSCLC paitents.
Keywords:NSCLC;Serum;HGF;IL-6
[收稿日期]2015-01-10[修回日期] 2015-02-07
[通訊作者]王英,E-mail:wangyingnet163@163.com
doi:10.11659/jjssx.01E015076
[中圖分類號]R734.2;R446.11
[文獻標識碼]A
[文章編號]1672-5042(2015)04-0403-03