苑文明

如何在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作課中滲透“生本”思想

苑文明

【摘要】作者以新課程改革在中學(xué)的實(shí)施為背景，介紹了山西省平遙中學(xué)的課改模式，并用一節(jié)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作課的教學(xué)過(guò)程來(lái)說(shuō)明如何滲透“生本”思想。

【關(guān)鍵詞】課改方案；“生本”思想；素質(zhì)教育；課堂組織模式；英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作課

眾所周知，高中新課程改革的核心理念是實(shí)施“素質(zhì)教育”，而素質(zhì)教育是“以生為本”，即以學(xué)生的發(fā)展為核心。所以，在教學(xué)的實(shí)施過(guò)程中，我們要將“生本”思想貫穿始終，即：發(fā)現(xiàn)人的價(jià)值，發(fā)揮人的潛能，發(fā)展人的個(gè)性（黃濟(jì)、王策三2012）。理念的改變必然導(dǎo)致課堂組織形式以及教學(xué)方法發(fā)生質(zhì)的變化。

班級(jí)授課制必然面臨學(xué)生個(gè)體存在差異這一問(wèn)題。要彌補(bǔ)差異，既要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我學(xué)習(xí)、自我教育、自我發(fā)展的能力，又要方便讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)討論、合作和探究，學(xué)生合理分組圍坐就成了課堂改革的實(shí)現(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)（張卓玉2013）。隨之，教師的教學(xué)要側(cè)重傳授、啟發(fā)、引導(dǎo)、組織、過(guò)渡、提升、指導(dǎo)、咨詢(xún)、監(jiān)控和評(píng)價(jià)。

平遙中學(xué)作為山西省首批重點(diǎn)中學(xué)，積極響應(yīng)高中新課改，適時(shí)制定了符合平遙中學(xué)校情的課堂教學(xué)改革方案。該方案以“圍坐”和“學(xué)案”為實(shí)施前提，并確定課改指導(dǎo)思想為“堅(jiān)持以人為本，以生為本，深入推進(jìn)高中課程改革，促進(jìn)教學(xué)方式、學(xué)習(xí)方式和評(píng)價(jià)方式的深刻變革，提高學(xué)生的自主能力和實(shí)踐能力，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的社會(huì)責(zé)任感、創(chuàng)新精神，促進(jìn)學(xué)生全面而有個(gè)性的發(fā)展”，并構(gòu)建了“目標(biāo)引導(dǎo)”“自主探究”“多邊互動(dòng)”“點(diǎn)撥拓展”“訓(xùn)練加深”的教學(xué)模式，即“導(dǎo)、學(xué)、展、評(píng)、練”五環(huán)節(jié)教學(xué)模式。

作為平遙中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科課改教研員，我將用一節(jié)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作課的教學(xué)過(guò)程來(lái)說(shuō)明英語(yǔ)課如何滲透“生本”思想。

第一步，幫助學(xué)生改善寫(xiě)作

教師要讓學(xué)生知道什么樣的文章是好文章，好文章好在哪里?？梢宰寣W(xué)生對(duì)比以下兩篇作文，通過(guò)分析、討論，再達(dá)成共識(shí)，這樣學(xué)生就能明了好文章應(yīng)具備的特質(zhì)，也就明確了這節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。

A composition written by a student：Ladies and gentlemen，

Welcome to our school!①This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor.②It has changed a lot since 1978.③People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.

In the past，the school here was very small.④Now it has been rebuilt. The newly-built teaching building has 4 storeys . It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here.⑤They enjoy free education in it.

⑥Thank you.

A sample composition：Ladies and gentlemen，

Welcome to our school!①This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor.②However，it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast.③People here live a much betterlifethan before . Now it is taking on a new look.

In the past，the school here was very small and most children couldn’t afford to go to school.④But now it has been rebuilt and the newly built teaching building which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here.⑤W hat’smore，they enjoy free education.

⑥Mayyou enjoyyourstayhere/Mayyou haveapleasanttimehere! Thank you.

通過(guò)自主對(duì)比分析，組內(nèi)合作交流，學(xué)生很容易得出改善文章的方向。一是要使用一些高級(jí)的詞匯和短語(yǔ)，如live a much better life；二是添加一些過(guò)渡詞或短語(yǔ)，如what’s more/however；三是要將有邏輯關(guān)系的句子通過(guò)加連接詞（即使用從句）或改成非謂語(yǔ)形式連接起來(lái)。

第二步，讓學(xué)生有意識(shí)地改寫(xiě)一些句子，鍛煉和強(qiáng)化學(xué)生的思維

例1：Suddenly I thought out a good idea.

學(xué)生們給出如下改寫(xiě)方案：

Suddenly I came up with a good idea.

A good idea occurred to me suddenly.

A good idea hit/struck me suddenly.

A good idea crossed my mind suddenly.

例2：，the task was finished in only one week，which was beyond my expectation.

經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)句意的理解，學(xué)生們異口同聲地給出了答案：Much to my surprise/astonishment。

例3：I had been to his house a few times. I started to get to know his family.

連接句子的方法學(xué)生很熟悉，即改非謂語(yǔ)形式或用合適的連接詞進(jìn)行連接。一會(huì)兒學(xué)生們就給出了答案：

After I had been to his house a few times，I started to get to know his family.

Having been to his house a few times, I started to get to know his family.

現(xiàn)在，學(xué)生們已經(jīng)感受到了改變的力量，也更明確了改變的方向，筆者趁熱打鐵，給了學(xué)生一篇看圖作文。

讓學(xué)生們小組合作，進(jìn)行探究，打造小組最強(qiáng)作文，同時(shí)引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制，看哪個(gè)組寫(xiě)得最好。學(xué)生的激情一下子被點(diǎn)燃了，一個(gè)個(gè)經(jīng)典句子新鮮出爐。

Pic.1

A turtle was walking on the beach，when he suddenly found a“stone”.

Whilewalkingonthebeach，aturtlefounda“stone”.

Walking（Wandering/Strolling/Idling about）on the beach，a turtle found（came across/met with/ran into）a“stone”.

Pic.2

Because he felt curious，he patted the“stone”on the back.

Feeling curious，he patted the“stone”on the back.

With great curiosity，he patted the“stone”on the back.

Pic.3

It was another turtle which was having a rest.

It was another turtle having a rest.

Much to his surprise/astonishment，it was another turtle having a rest.

第三步，各組學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論并確定出最好的作文

A turtle is idling about on the beach，when he suddenly came across a“stone”. With great curiosity，he patted the“stone”on the back. Much to his astonishment，it was another turtle having a rest.

看到通過(guò)三方面（高級(jí)詞匯、過(guò)渡詞或短語(yǔ)，以及復(fù)合句或非謂語(yǔ)）的改善，作文馬上舊貌換新顏，學(xué)生激動(dòng)地歡呼起來(lái)。

第四步，反思

這節(jié)寫(xiě)作課，處處滲透著“生本”思想。學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)明確，在比較、分析、討論、展示和練習(xí)實(shí)踐中，改善并提高了寫(xiě)作意識(shí)。下課后，學(xué)生們充滿(mǎn)成就感并信心滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)，躍躍欲試想寫(xiě)一篇文章，展示自己的學(xué)習(xí)成果。課堂模式的改變讓學(xué)生真正成了學(xué)習(xí)的主人，讓其體會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程，享受學(xué)習(xí)的成果。

引用文獻(xiàn)

黃濟(jì)，王策三.2012.現(xiàn)代教育論（第3版）[M].北京：人民教育出版社.

張卓玉.2013.構(gòu)建教育新模式[M].湖南：湖南教育出版社，3-18

作者信息：031100，山西晉中，山西省平遙中學(xué)校，yuanwenming@sina.com

yuanwenming@sina.com

教學(xué)敘事與反思