黎娟 趙雄

（湖北省通城縣第一中學(xué) 湖北通城 437400）

高中英語(yǔ)作文如何備考

黎娟 趙雄

（湖北省通城縣第一中學(xué) 湖北通城 437400）

一、要寫好高考英語(yǔ)作文，總的來說應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.平時(shí)注意積累知識(shí)

2.養(yǎng)成背誦習(xí)慣

3.注意連詞的使用及用法

4.學(xué)習(xí)理解并熟練掌握基本的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

5.平時(shí)練筆時(shí)運(yùn)用正確的練筆技巧，即把握以下原則：

1）根據(jù)題目和提綱來確定文章的框架，根據(jù)框架來確定文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)，再根據(jù)段落結(jié)構(gòu)來確定文章所用的句型。

2）對(duì)句子要有強(qiáng)烈的包裝意識(shí)，練習(xí)時(shí)要以一些精彩的范文為參照物，分別經(jīng)行精讀、背誦、默寫、互譯和模仿訓(xùn)練。

3）使用正確的連詞，將一個(gè)個(gè)句子組合起來，成為一個(gè)段落，一篇文章。

4）寫提綱時(shí)，考慮時(shí)態(tài)，并寫好開頭句和結(jié)尾句。

二、怎樣布局一篇高考英語(yǔ)作文

1.好段落的構(gòu)成

通常，一個(gè)段落的好壞取決于這個(gè)段落的三要素，即主題句（topic sentence）、發(fā)展句（supporting details）、結(jié)論句（conclusion）

主題句（topic sentence）

主題句是概括段落主要內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵句，它不僅起到確定段落主題的作用，而且限定該段的主要內(nèi)容。好的主題句應(yīng)力求概括性強(qiáng)，表達(dá)清楚，精煉，讀者可以通過主題句預(yù)測(cè)作者在該段要討論什么問題。例如：

Going to college requires much more self-reliance than going to high school.

Spring is the most pleasant season of the year.

主題句一般位于段首，有時(shí)也可以放在段中或段末。例如：

Early rising helps us in our studies，we learn more quickly in the moring，and find it easier to memorize what we learn in the moring.

主題句在段首可以使讀者對(duì)本段要說的內(nèi)容有個(gè)大致的了解。

“No pains，no gains”is certainly true of business.It is true，too，of character building.A fine，noble character is，as a rule not born，but the result of effort and struggle.One has to take pains to form good habits，to break off bad habits，to resist temptation，to grow virtuous.

主題句在段中可以起到承上啟下，使上下文平衡的作用。

People used to say，“The hard that rocks the cradle rules the world”and“Behind every successful man there is a woman.”Both these saying mean the same thing，men rule the world，but their wives rule them.

主題句在段尾可以使作者進(jìn)一步表明這一段的大意，對(duì)所舉的例子或說明做歸納。起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。

發(fā)展句（supporting details）

發(fā)展句通常圍繞主題句，通過給一些實(shí)例，寫出對(duì)主題句做進(jìn)一步解釋、說明的句子。發(fā)展句要求內(nèi)容豐富、重點(diǎn)突出。寫發(fā)展句應(yīng)注意：敘述詳實(shí)，長(zhǎng)短適中，脈絡(luò)分明。如：

What causes such problems？First，many students spend too much time in front of computer or TV sets.Second，students have to prepare themselves for examinations.

結(jié)論句（conclusion）

結(jié)論句標(biāo)志著段落的結(jié)束，應(yīng)概括、簡(jiǎn)練和精辟。如：

It is a tradition for most people in China to entertain their guests with more than enough food，believing that they have not satisfied their guests if there is no food left on the table，which they think is a good way to show their. They think they will be looked down upon if they make a doggie bag of the leftovers.As a result，restaurant trashcans are often found full of leftover foods， with full plates untounched.

2.好文章的構(gòu)成

一篇好的英語(yǔ)作文應(yīng)包含三部分：起始段（開始）、正文（中間）、結(jié)尾。

起始段

開頭段一般來說做到開門見山，使讀者了解文章要談什么，最好能立刻引起讀者的興趣。開頭段要具有概括性又要切中主題。

1）說明時(shí)間發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或背景

I'm writing to tell you about a shocking incident that happened in Beijing Zoo in February.

2）直接點(diǎn)明主題

I don't remember how many examinations I have taken since I began my school.To tell you the truth，I don't like examinations at all.Idare say that，in fact，no student likes examinations.

3）提出一個(gè)問題

Why do we go to university？Different people have different opinions.

4）引用名言

As the saying goes：“Time is money.”Yes，it's indeed the case.Nevertheless，in my opinion，time is more valuable than money.The reason is that when money is spent，we can earn it back.However，when time is gone，it will never come back.

5）下定義

A pet is an animal kept by a person as a companion.Recently，more and more people，old ones，in particular，like to enjoy the company of tame animals. They treat these animals as good friends or even as members of the family.

6）提供數(shù)據(jù)

We have our own computer club in our school.It was set up in 2000，and now it has more than 30 members.All the members there are students and everything is done by themselves.

7）舉出一個(gè)事例或現(xiàn)象

Over the past two years，China has introuduced a large number of foreign movies.However，this neither has brought us high entertaining，nor helped our national movie industry flourish.

中間段

文章中間部分的任務(wù)是用具體的事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)、細(xì)節(jié)來進(jìn)一步解釋作者在中心思想句中表明過的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或心得體會(huì)，它們是具體的、詳細(xì)的。一定要注意說明要具體充分，以確保內(nèi)容充實(shí)，切忌泛泛而談或點(diǎn)到為止。

結(jié)尾段

結(jié)尾段有概括全文內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想，升華主題的作用。

1）照應(yīng)開頭

Everyone enjoys beautiful things.And seeing sunrise may be one of the most unusual experiences in our life.

2）復(fù)述中心

Love is giving and love is paying attention to others.Thanks to my classmates，I will do my best to give all my love to others.

3）自然結(jié)尾

Finally we ate the food.It was so delicious that many people were attracted around us，we all enjoyed ourselves.

4）總結(jié)式

Such great changes had happened in our village，and our journey was well worth while.In a word，television is very common，but it is really helpful.It does us much good.It is really a good friend of mankind.5）引用式

Above all，diligent is the mother of success.We must make the best of every hour and be the master of time，just as Chairman Mao said，“Seize the day，seize the hour.”

6）哲理式

From that I know one thing.It's important to take the first step in doing anything.The first step may decide on your future life.

三、應(yīng)試五原則

原則一：緊扣題旨，審題到位

審題時(shí)要弄清體裁，確定人稱，確定動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。

原則二：列全要點(diǎn)詞匯，拓展成句

將文章中需要用到的要點(diǎn)詞匯正確列舉出來，注意習(xí)慣表達(dá)，避免重復(fù)使用相同詞匯或短語(yǔ)，靈活運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)。

原則三：連句成篇，注意邏輯順序

原則四：句式變化，提高文章檔次

原則五：認(rèn)真檢查，卷面保持整潔

1.查內(nèi)容，看內(nèi)容是否有誤解之處，要點(diǎn)是否有遺漏

2.查格式，看是否符合題目要求，格式是否正確

3.查語(yǔ)法，看有無語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，是否符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣

4.查書寫，看拼寫大小寫，標(biāo)點(diǎn)是否有誤

5.查詞數(shù)，看是否符合題目要求的篇幅