摘要[目的] 優(yōu)化施秉縣玉米氮、磷、鉀肥配合施用，建立玉米施肥指標(biāo)體系與施肥模式，提高化肥利用率，降低生產(chǎn)成本，提高玉米產(chǎn)量效益。 [方法] 分別在施秉縣旱作土中、

關(guān)鍵詞玉米；氮磷鉀肥；最佳施肥量；肥料利用率

中圖分類號S513文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A文章編號0517-6611（2014）24-08147-03

Formula Application of Nitrogen， Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer under Different Yield Level of Maize in Shibing County

WU Mingbo et al（Shibing County Agricultural Bureau Soil and Fertilizer Station， Shibing， Guizhou 556299）

Abstract[Objective]The research aimed to optimize the cooridinate application of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on maize in Shibing County， establish the indicator system of fertilization and fertilization mode， increase the fertilization ratio， reduce the production cost， and improve the maize yield and benefit. [Method] Maize 3414 fertilizer efficiency trial was conducted in dry farming field with middle and low fertility level in Shibing County. [Result]The optimum application amount in dry farming field with middle fertility level was nitrogen fertilizer 1986 kg/hm2， phosphorus fertilizer 146.7 kg/hm2， and potassium fertilizer 1911 kg/hm2.Under the condition， the optimum yield reached 7 755.6 kg/hm2. The optimum application amount in dry farming field with low fertility level was nitrogen fertilizer 1943 kg/hm2， phosphorus fertilizer 125.4 kg/hm2， and potassium fertilizer 1919 kg/hm2.Under the condition， the optimum yield reached 7 432.5 kg/hm2. [Conclusion] Soil testing and formulated fertilization in dry farming field with middle and low fertility， Shibing County could improve the maize yield obviously.

Key wordsMaize； Nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium fertilizer； Optimum fertilizer amount； Application rate of fertilizer

旱作土是施秉縣主要耕作土之一，旱作土面積為8 340 hm2，常年種植玉米為3 000 hm2，玉米單產(chǎn)僅為4 800 kg/hm2，而中、低肥力水平的旱作土占施秉縣旱作土的90%以上，挖掘其中、低肥力水平的旱作土玉米產(chǎn)量是提高玉米總產(chǎn)的重要途徑。在施秉縣不同區(qū)域進(jìn)行玉米氮、磷、鉀“3414”肥效試驗，提出該縣中、低肥力玉米產(chǎn)量水平氮、磷、鉀的最佳施肥量，指導(dǎo)全縣玉米生產(chǎn)施肥，使該縣的玉米達(dá)到高產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)。

1材料與方法

1.1 參試肥料及來源尿素46%，產(chǎn)自貴州赤天化有限公司；普通過磷酸鈣16%，產(chǎn)自貴州甕安弘揚化工有限公司；硫酸鉀50%，產(chǎn)自蘇州精細(xì)化工有限公司。

1.2施肥時期及養(yǎng)分比例的總體要求尿素30%作基肥，15%作苗肥，15%小喇叭口期施用，40%大喇叭口期施用。普鈣全部作基肥一次性施用。硫酸鉀60%作基肥，40%大喇叭口期施用。為保證試驗施肥的均勻性，“3414”試驗地不施有機肥。

1.3參試作物玉米品種為臨奧1號等半緊湊型玉米品種。

參考文獻(xiàn)

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