摘要[目的]為了提高原種的繁殖效率,降低原種成本,為原種繁殖提供合理的施肥依據(jù)。[方法]設(shè)4個(gè)施氮水平和1個(gè)對照,在2011、2012年分別進(jìn)行“威芋3號”、“洋人洋”的不同氮肥水平的原種繁育試驗(yàn)。[結(jié)果] 施用氮肥能提高原種的單株結(jié)薯數(shù)、單株薯重、原種產(chǎn)量、塊莖平均重量、30~90 g塊莖的數(shù)量和重量及所占比例。當(dāng)純氮施用量達(dá)到90 kg/hm2(尿素195 kg/hm2)時(shí),原種的繁殖效果最好,上述各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均達(dá)到最大值。[結(jié)論]在中晚熟品種進(jìn)行微型薯繁育原種時(shí),在保證其他肥量適宜的基礎(chǔ)上,氮肥用量以尿素195 kg/hm2左右為宜。
關(guān)鍵詞馬鈴薯;微型薯;氮肥;原種繁育
中圖分類號S532文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2014)24-08145-02
Effects of Different Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Stock Seed Breeding of Potato
ZOU Huafen, JIN Hui et al(Guizhou Province Pan County Agricultural Bureau, Pan County, Guizhou 553537)
Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to improve the reproduction efficiency of stock seed, reduce the cost of stock seed, and provide the basis for the reasonable application of stock seed breeding. [Method] 4 nitrogen application level and control were arranged. The stock seed breeding trial of different nitrogen level on Weiyu 3 and Yangrenyang in 2011 and 2012 were conducted. [Result] Application of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the tuberization number per plant, potato weight per plant, yield of stock seed, average weight of tuber, number and weight of 30-90 g tuber, and its ratio. When the application of nitrogen was 90 kg/hm2 (urea 195 kg/hm2), the breeding effect of stock seed was the best, and all of the indicators reached the highest. [Conclusion] When the midlate maturity varieties were bred, the optimum application rate of urea was about 195 kg/hm2 on the basis of the optimum application amount of other fertilizer.
Key wordsPotato; Minitype potato; Nitrogen fertilizer; Stock seed breeding
六盤水人,農(nóng)藝師,從事農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣及馬鈴薯栽培生理研究方面的工作。*通訊作者,高級農(nóng)藝師,從事農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣、馬鈴薯栽培生理及種薯繁育方面的工作。
收稿日期20140717 在隔離較好的條件下,微型薯直播進(jìn)行原種的繁育,是馬鈴薯脫毒種薯繁育體系建設(shè)的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)[1-2]。由于微型薯個(gè)體小,田間抗逆性差,進(jìn)行原種繁殖不同于普通的種薯繁育,而具有一定的特殊性。為了提高單位面積原種繁殖效率,有效降低成本,提高原種質(zhì)量,分別于2011、2013年3~8月在盤縣平關(guān)鎮(zhèn)巖上村進(jìn)行了不同氮肥水平微型薯繁育原種的試驗(yàn),探討不同施氮水平對原種塊莖形成的影響,為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化原種繁育技術(shù)的形成提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1供試材料 供試品種為盤縣主推品種“威芋3號”(中晚熟)和“洋人洋”(中熟)。每個(gè)微型薯大小為3~5 g,芽長3~5 mm,由盤縣農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究所馬鈴薯種薯繁育中心提供。氮肥選用云南云維集團(tuán)有限公司生產(chǎn)的尿素(總氮≥46%),磷肥選用盤縣磷肥廠生產(chǎn)的鈣鎂磷肥(有效磷≥15%),鉀肥選用云南沾化有限責(zé)任公司生產(chǎn)的硫酸鉀(K2O≥50%)。
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