CriticismandTranscendence:Master-slaveDialecticfromaHistoricalMaterialismViewby LI Zhen-yuan, CHENG He-xiang p.5

It is purely a misinterpretation that some scholars unscramble ‘masters turned into slaves, and slaves turned into masters’ from the master-slave dialectic. Based on the historical materialism, analyzing the master-slave dialectic from the perceptual activity and historical perspective will break the philosophy myth of master-slave relations inversion. According to Hegel’s formulation, the slaves did not really take the risk of losing their lives to achieve their freedom, but threw themselves into the lap of stoicism, skepticism and Christianity, and so did not ‘turn into masters’. As one of the most profound and sacred thoughts of young Hegel, the topics of Desire, Recognition, Death and Labor in the “master-slave dialectic” all become important thought resources for the future generations.

Key words: master-slave dialectic; myth; perceptual activity; history; back to Hegel

ReviewofIndustrialClusterTheoryinChinaby WANG Zhi-qiang, SUN Yan p.16

Industrial cluster is a new kind of industrial spatial organization form, which could effectively promote the construction and development of competitive advantages of regional industry, and has an important impact on the ascension of regional industry competitiveness. This paper combines the domestic industrial cluster theory research since the 1990s, and makes the theoretical review based on that, then finds that the transformation and upgrading, sustainable development and risk aversion of domestic industrial cluster will be the next main content of industrial cluster research.

Key words: Industrial cluster; formation mechanism; sustainable development; risk aversion; theoretical review

EconomicFunctionsofChina’sCivilSocietyOrganizationsby WEI Huan p.26

The movement patterns and the development goal of China’s socialist market economy require much attention and a full play to the economic functions of civil society organizations in the process of structuring the beneficial interactions between the state and society. The powerful economical functions of civil society organizations are mainly in three aspects: making up for the market failures, promoting the steady development of economy; improving the form of society economic organizations, promoting the diversified development; providing employment and training, expanding regional labor employment channels.

Key words: market economy; civil society organizations; economic function

FurtherDiscussiononThreeTangDynastyEpitaphsRelatedtoDamingPalaceby HE Shan p.46

InArchaeologyandCulturalRelics2010 5thperiod, the articleThreeTangDynastyEpitaphsRelatedtoDamingPalacefocused on three new materials published，e.g. theAiCeWentoPrinceJingDeintheTangDynasty. It should be fully affirmed. However, there are many errors in the epitaphs interpretation. And also there are arguments on the analyses of Prince Jia De’s another names, the origin of the name Front Hall of Xuanzheng in Daming Palace, and so on. Therefore, we need a further discussing, in order to use the literature materials scientifically and to provide reference for the study of history, culture, etc.

Key words: epitaphs; Tang Dynasty; Prince Jing De; Daming Palace; research and amendment

Ruralenvironmentalcultureconstructionintheprocessofmodernizationby LIANG Hong-quan p.53

Starting from the analysis of the environmental culture connotation, and the problems in the rural environmental culture construction, this paper gives a practical and rational thinking about the rural environmental culture construction. It is proposed that the construction of rural environmental culture should not only focus on the aftermath disposal, but also should be deep in the humanistic spirit and values, with proactive and preventive attitude, and promote the positive interaction between man and nature, and live together harmoniously.

Key words: modernization; rural; environmental culture

OriginofCloseReadingby FU Xiao p.56

In the history of western literary criticism, Close Reading is the New Criticism’s core critical method in America concluded by the following researchers. Originally, it was the British critic Richards who first proposed the statement ‘Closeness of Reading’, while the American critic Cleanth Brooks called it ‘Careful Reading’. Close Reading may be the report of the two or even the re-report. The creator of Close Reading was the Brooks’ teacher, Ransom, who analyzed literary works with the method while teaching in the English Department of Vanderbilt University in the USA. The process of Close Reading needs to keep asking questions to the students. The main character is a method of literature teaching and research, contrary to the traditional biographical research method. During the study life at Vanderbilt University and Oxford University, Brooks began forming his concept of literature teaching and method of literary criticism characterized by Close Reading.

Key words: Close Reading; the New Criticism; Brooks

ReinterpretationofLiBai’sideal:CombiningChuangTzu’sspiritwithQuYuan’sashisownby KANG Huai-yuan p.62

According to Li Bai’s ideal, Qu Yuan’s spirit ofWinningcareerachievementsstood for Li Bai’s pursuit of working for the imperial court. On the other hand, Chuang Tzu’sRetiringfrompublicreflected Li Bai’s cosmic consciousness of being close to nature. It was really hard to integrate Qu Yuan’s pursuit with Chuang Tzu’s cosmic consciousness in real life. Therefore it was a tough choice indeed for Li Bai. However, Li Bai made the decision, despite the huge price that he left the world with grief and indignation, suffering from neither winning career achievements nor retiring from public. Nevertheless, Li Bai’s poems and his cultural personality spirit, combining Chuang Tzu’s spirit with Qu Yuan’s, are eternal and immortal

Key words: Li Bai; Political Civilization; cultural personality spirit; people-based feelings; harmony

TranslationHistoryofMarkTwain’sWorksinChinaundertheIdeologicalManipulationby TANG Jie p.74

Mark Twain’s works in Chinese translation vary from different periods, closely related to the dominant ideology of each period. In this paper, the translation history of Mark Twain’s works in China is divided into four main stages. And then we explore the ideological impact on the translation of literary works, research the influence on the translators, study the trajectory and characteristics of Mark Twain’s works in translation history, and analyze the relationship between ideology and the translation of literary works.

Key words: ideology; Mark Twain; works; translation history

ComparisonandTranslationofParallelTextsonChineseandEnglishHospitalOverviewsby WANG Ya-ni p.86

Medical texts comparison and translation is an important part of parallel texts study. This paper takes hospital overviews of Pecking Union Medical College Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital as examples, making comparisons in terms of their text contents, forms, language expressions and appeal means, and then analyzing the specific translation cases. Based on that, a trinity translation model for this type of texts is proposed.

Key words: Contrastive Linguistics; Hospital overview; Translation; Medical English; Model

PathSelectionofChongqingUrbanandRuralTeachers’EquilibriumConfigurationintheStageofCompulsoryEducationby LI Xia p.93

Although Chongqing urban and rural compulsory education teachers’ configuration obtained some achievements, it is still restricted by the macro and micro teachers’ allocation mechanism, and there is non-equilibrium. Only making clear the value orientation of teachers’ configuration, improving the operational mechanism, remedying configure power and expanding the teacher training path, can we truly achieve the balanced development of urban and rural teachers.

Key words: compulsory education; teachers’ configuration; attribution; path selection

Party’sMassLineEducationandImprovementofScientificLevelofPartyBuildinginCollegesandUniversitiesby XIA Ze-sheng p.99

Strengthening Party building, and continuously improving the scientific level of Party building in colleges and universities, is an important guarantee for colleges and universities under the new situation, to enhance personnel training, and to protect scientific research, social services and functions of cultural inheritance. And carrying out the mass line of the Party education practice, deepening the sense of purpose, standing firm masses and improving democratic mechanism position, is the ideological basis, realistic need and path selection to improve scientific level of Party building in colleges and universities.

Key words: colleges and universities; Party building; scientific level

HistoricalEvolutionandEnlightenmentsofIdeologicalandPoliticalEducationPoliciesinCivilian-runCollegesandUniversitiesby ZHOU Qian, SONG Bo p.108

After analyzing the historical evolution and current situation of ideological and political education in civilian-run colleges and universities, we find that we should avoid reliance on the policy to improve the ideological and political education. Enhancing cultural soft power and adhering to the people-oriented service students can promote the development of private civilian-run colleges and universities.

Key words: civilian-run colleges and universities; ideological and political education policies; historical evolution; methods

PracticalTeachingReforminCollegesandUniversitiesundertheSightoftheQualityCourseConstruction:TakingtheConstitutionCourseasanExampleby HU Jian-hua p.126

Quality Course Construction promotes the practical teaching reform in colleges and universities. Based on the theoretical and practical teaching requirements, and many other issues existing in teaching the Constitution course, we suggest that we should make a reform to build the Constitution course as a quality course, make efforts to build a full range of practical teaching system and mode, optimize the dynamic mechanism, improve the implementing measures and strengthen the security mechanism.

Key words: Quality Course Construction; constitution; practical teaching reform

InternetTechnologyandKindergartensSafetyManagementby JIANG Yan-bing, CHEN Shi-lian p.137

Combining the characteristics and technical advantages of the Internet with the kindergarten security risks, we try to explore the role of networking technology in kindergarten and safety management, and also the applications in the security such as campus environment, food, transportation, etc.

Key words: Internet; technology; kindergartens; safety management

ReviewontheCollegeEnglishTeachingofEngineeringMastersinChinaby ZHAO Ying-ji, JIANG Yan p.141

From the three periodicals database, CNKI, Wanfang data and CQVIP, we find and analyze 16 research literatures on English teaching written by engineering masters. These literatures mainly deal with the following 8 aspects, including the 16 authors’ teaching characteristics, status quo, mode, content, methodology, device, evaluation and self-access learning. And engineering postgraduates in English teaching may gain some revelations.

Key words: master of engineering; postgraduate English teaching; status quo; review

ReviewonResearchintoPragmaticTeachingandDirectionsforFutureStudiesby HUANG Chun-lan, WANG Xiao p.156

This paper reviews previous studies on pragmatic teaching. The majority of available research seeks to prove the necessity and feasibility of pragmatic instruction, the comparison between planned pedagogical action and traditional language class in terms of pragmatic instruction, and the advantage of explicit pragmatic teaching over implicit teaching concerning the effect on the acquisition of pragmatic knowledge. Thus, it is proposed that future research should lay more emphasis on the process-product investigation of foreign language classroom in an endeavor to uncover actual classroom pragmatic teaching as well as the pragmatic input by EFL teachers. In addition, teachers’ pragmatic awareness and its influence on their teaching practice are also worth exploring. Another direction for future research is to explore the teaching of other aspects of pragmatic knowledge apart from speech acts. Furthermore, future studies should distinguish pragmalinguistic competence from sociopragmatic competence.

Key Words: pragmatic teaching; pragmatic competence; pragmatic features