任務(wù)型閱讀是江蘇英語試題的較新題型,要求考生根據(jù)閱讀文章提供的信息用恰當?shù)脑~語完成與短文相關(guān)的圖表,并有一定字數(shù)的限制。主要考察學(xué)生獲取信息的能力(對應(yīng)信息查找題)、組織信息的能力(對應(yīng)信息轉(zhuǎn)換題)和概括表達信息能力(對應(yīng)信息歸納題)。想要做好它,在考試中取得高分,在練習(xí)的同時,我們要掌握它的做題技巧和方法。筆者結(jié)合教學(xué)和練習(xí)經(jīng)驗,總結(jié)出了做任務(wù)型閱讀的基本方法:兩步五定四原則。
一、兩步
第一步:快速瀏覽文章和表格(通過瀏覽文章首段和末段,或每段的首句,了解文章大意。通過觀察表格結(jié)構(gòu)和大致內(nèi)容,幫助考生進一步掌握文章內(nèi)容)。
第二步:結(jié)合表格看文章(根據(jù)五定四原則邊看表格,邊讀文章)。
二、五定法
1.定位:把表格中要填的詞所在句子或短語與文中相關(guān)位置對應(yīng)起來;
2.定意:確定所定位句子含義并推敲所要填的詞意;
3.定詞:通過定意決定所填的詞,可借助一意的多種表達方式來確定要填的詞;
4.定性:填詞時要確定詞性,根據(jù)上下文來確定所填詞的詞性;
5.定形:應(yīng)注意名詞的可數(shù)和不可數(shù)、單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的變化;人稱代詞的格、數(shù)等的變化;動詞應(yīng)注意時態(tài)、語態(tài),非謂語動詞以及主謂一致方面的不同形式;形容詞和副詞應(yīng)注意其原級、比較級和最高級的不同形式。填詞時要注意詞的大小寫。
三、解題四原則
(一) 詞組優(yōu)先原則(看表格,根據(jù)詞組推)
原文 It determines our strengths and weaknesses…轉(zhuǎn)換成表格中:It is your dominant motivational focus that decides what you are good at or ______ in.
分析:根據(jù)詞組優(yōu)先原則,詞組be poor in / be weak in答案為 poor/ weak。
(二)同問對稱原則
1.表格內(nèi)容上下對稱
原文 You can do it by making an ad in the newspapers or magazines…轉(zhuǎn)換成表格中:_________ for your car for the sale.
分析:根據(jù)表格上下 advantage of selling an old car ; preparation of your car for the sale 得知答案為名詞。答案為:advertising 或 advertisement.
2. and, but as well as …前后對稱
原文It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency…
轉(zhuǎn)換成表格中:Employees with goals can perform better as well as _______ efficiency and time management.
分析:根據(jù)表格中as well as 前的perform, 得知答案為動詞原形。答案為:increase.
(三)信息反推原則(根據(jù)右信息欄, 上下標題欄,總結(jié)歸納詞)
表格右邊信息欄Slow down and take the time; Try to keep the driving time; Leave enough time to family;可以推斷左邊為歸納詞。答案為Suggestions /Tips/Advice.
◆歸納詞的特征有:概括性,在最大程度上覆蓋欄內(nèi)信息;針對性,量體裁衣,大小適度;醒目性,簡潔。
常見概括性詞有:原因:reason, cause;結(jié)果:result, effect;目的:aim, purpose;方法:measure, solution, way, method;觀點:opinion, view, attitude;異同:differences, similarities;優(yōu)劣:advantages, disadvantages;其它:time, purpose, behavior, feeling。
(四)信息轉(zhuǎn)換原則
(1)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。即將一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種詞類,主要包括動詞與名詞轉(zhuǎn)換、形容詞與副詞轉(zhuǎn)換、形容詞與名詞轉(zhuǎn)換。解題方法很簡單,只要在文中找到關(guān)鍵詞即可。例如:
1.IMF called on all players to cooperate closely to improve the global economy. - IMF called for close cooperation to improve the global economy.
2.Learn to listen sympathetically. - Learn to listen in a sympathetic way.
(2)詞組互換。
1.We are putting pressure on the environment.-The environment is under pressure.
2. Inspiration is vital to creativity.-Inspiration is of great importance to creativity.
(3)句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。做此類題首先要理解題意,其次仔細比較原句和題目,明白出題人的意圖,只要找出題眼就不難得出答案。
a)主被動互換
You must practice your fire escape plan.-Your fire escape plan must be practiced.
b)并列句/從句/分詞轉(zhuǎn)換
Women who want more children-Woman wanting more children.
c)意義轉(zhuǎn)換
Since the jump is higher, there is more time to swing the rope.
The jump is higher, therefore/so/consequently, there is more time to swing the rope.
掌握以上做題方法,再多加練習(xí),相信一定會給考生帶來意想不到的收獲。一定會在任務(wù)型閱讀題型中取得高分。
(作者單位:江蘇省如皋市第二中學(xué))