【摘要】英語寫作是學(xué)生語言輸出的一種高級形式，涉及到學(xué)生的思維和表達(dá)能力，可以細(xì)化到內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格技巧?！耙黄玫奈恼聭?yīng)該內(nèi)容完整、層次分明、語言流暢、句型多變。”（簡稱為全、層、流、變。）

【關(guān)鍵詞】內(nèi)容完整 層次分明 語言流暢 句型多變

【中圖分類號】G633.41【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼】A 【文章編號】2095-3089（2013）10-0093-02

初三英語老師在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生寫作時(shí)，可將學(xué)生分為三個(gè)層次來指導(dǎo)

一、何為‘全’與‘層’

‘全’為內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)完整，無遺漏?！畬印礊槲恼乱袑哟?，根據(jù)不同的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分段。以2010年揚(yáng)州中考試題為例：你將代表學(xué)校參加揚(yáng)州市中學(xué)生英語演講比賽，演講的題目是Learning to get along with our parents。請你用英語寫一篇演講稿，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：

要求：1）表達(dá)清楚，語法正確，上下文連貫；

2）必須包括所有相關(guān)信息，并作適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；

3）詞數(shù)：100詞左右（演講稿的開頭與結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）；

4）不得使用真實(shí)姓名和校名等。

例案一：

Good morning， ladies and gentlemen. Today my topic is learning to get along with my parents. ⑴These days， most of us feel it is hard to get along with my parents. As a result， we often argue with them. Sometimes， we even don’t talk with them for several days. ⑵The cause of condition is that our parents pay too much attention to our marks we got. They make us spend too much time studying，and we don’t have time for our hobbies. These make us unhappy. ⑶There are different ways to solve these problems. First， we can communicate with our parents. Second， we can tell them our own thoughts. I think if we are willing to share our worries. They’ll understand us. ⑷That’s all for our speech. Thank you.

首先，文章要點(diǎn)不全。措施要寫三點(diǎn)，而文章只寫兩點(diǎn)，少寫一點(diǎn)。第二，文章無分層次，沒有分段。應(yīng)在劃線的四處分別進(jìn)行分段來寫，使文章有層次感。

如果一般的學(xué)生在寫作時(shí)能注意到這兩點(diǎn)，哪怕文中有少量的錯誤，也不會有太多失分的。

二、‘流’——文章流暢，注意細(xì)節(jié)

要達(dá)到這一要求，必須要把初一初二的基礎(chǔ)抓牢，那么這一層次寫作的提升才具有可行性。

例案二：

Good morning， ladies and gentlemen. Today my topic is learning to get along with my parents. These days， most of us feel it is hard to get along with my parents. We even don’t talk with them for several days. Many children have different reasons.

First， parents pay too much attention to our marks. That will make us stressed. Second， we don’t have the same idea with our parents， so we may argue with them.

However，⑴we can talk with them.and patient try to understand them. We must know what they do is good for us. If we are willing to share our worries. They’ll understand us.

I hope the advice will be of great value to you.

That’s all for our speech. Thank you.

這篇文章要點(diǎn)全、有分段。只是在流暢程度上還有所欠缺。在⑴處應(yīng)該加一個(gè)主題句There are some ways to deal with them. 來作為本段的主題句。而且，劃線的句子含義表達(dá)不夠明確。最好修改為：However， There are some ways to deal with them. We can talk with them. We should be patient enough to try to understand them. 這樣，文章就要比上一篇好得多，分?jǐn)?shù)也就上去了。

三、句式多變，靈活表達(dá)

句式多變其實(shí)就是以前的句型轉(zhuǎn)換，讓學(xué)生用不同的短語、句型去改寫原句。例如：在學(xué)習(xí)牛津初中英語9A Unit1中，我們寫人的品質(zhì)會寫到“他樂于助人”，He is helpful.（s+v+p），可以用He often helps others.（s+v+o），還可以用He is so helpful that everyone likes him.這樣的復(fù)合句來表達(dá)。切勿用同一種句式。 再如：以翻譯“他能說英語和法語”這個(gè)句子為例。除了He can speak both English and French.還可以寫為：

1）He can speak not only English but also French.

2）He can speak English， as well French.

3）He can speak English as well as French.

4）Besides English he can speak French.

這樣可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思維的廣闊性，獲得更多遷移的練習(xí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。通過這樣的思維活動所理解的知識最具有遷移的價(jià)值。在上面的例案二中，學(xué)生用到了：

We must know what they do is good for us. If we are willing to share our worries. They’ll understand us.

I hope the advice will be of great value to you.

這幾句他用到了賓語從句、主語從句、條件狀語從句，句式已經(jīng)有了很大的變化。除了句式變換在詞的選擇上也該有自己獨(dú)特的方式。美文欣賞，例案三：

Good morning， ladies and gentlemen. Today my topic is Learning to get along with our parents.

These days， most of us feel it is hard to get along with our parents. We easily get angry for no reason and even don’t talk to them for days.

I think the causes are as follows. First， our parents only care about our marks and it makes us stressed. Second， we are unwilling to communicate with them.

It’s time for us to change. First， we can communicate with them， by sharing our joys and worries with them. Then， we can help do some housework to show our love for them. Finally， we should achieve a balance between our schoolwork and hobbies so that they won’t feel worried about us.

That’s all for my speech. Thank you ！

從這篇文章中我們可以看出，不但要點(diǎn)全、有層次（除了分段外，還用了First、Second、Then、Finally這樣的副詞來分層），而且文筆流暢，無錯誤，詞句多變。每段的開頭都用了主題句來說明本段的內(nèi)容。這樣的文章才會在中考數(shù)以萬計(jì)的文章中脫穎而出，取得高分。

四、結(jié)語

一篇好的文章光靠講解是沒法提高的，一定要講練結(jié)合。在平時(shí)的寫作訓(xùn)練中，英語老師應(yīng)該圍繞教材中的單元話題來擬定題目，按照全、層、流、變的要求來批閱學(xué)生的作文，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行二次寫作。只有這樣長期訓(xùn)練下去，我們學(xué)生的作文水平才會得到真正提高。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]馬存鳳 “初中英語寫作方法指導(dǎo)” 《中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)與研究》2012年第一期

[2]顧敏亞 “高中英語主體寫作教學(xué)的實(shí)踐” 《中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)與研究》2012年第一期