請同學(xué)們先看來自2013年的三道中考題:
1. The World Health Organization has given some advice on ______ to protect us from being infected(感染) with H7N9. (2013年山東省菏澤市)
A. how B. what C. where D. when
2. —How often do you drink milk?
—______ ever. (2013年廣西壯族自治區(qū)貴港市)
A. Hard B. Nearly C. Almost D. Hardly
3. ______ lovely the squirrel is?。?013年四川省雅安市)
A. What a B. How C. What D. How a
分析:上面的三道中考題均是在考查同學(xué)們對how用法的掌握情況,答案分別是:1. A; 2. D; 3. B。
英語中,how一詞出現(xiàn)早,使用頻率高,每年的全國中考試題均是??荚~匯之一,其重要性可見一斑。為幫助同學(xué)們準(zhǔn)確掌握該詞的用法,現(xiàn)分述如下:
一、how用作疑問副詞,表示“怎么樣,如何”。它可以單獨(dú)使用,也可以和形容詞和副詞連用。
1. how單獨(dú)使用時,可以用來詢問程度、感想、身體狀況、方式或手段等。例如:
—How do you like the English film? ——你覺得這部英文電影怎么樣?
—Wonderful/ It is wonderful! ——精彩極了!
—How does he go to school every day? ——他每天是怎樣去上學(xué)的?
—By bike. ——騎自行車。
—How is your mother? ——你母親的健康狀況如何?
—She is very well, thank you. ——她很好,謝謝你?。╳ell在此是形容詞,表示“身體好的,健康的”。)
【溫馨提示】how用于問天氣時,可以用what來替換,但要注意句子成分的相應(yīng)變化。例如:
—How is the weather today?(=What’s the weather like today?) ——今天天氣怎么樣?
—It’s fine. ——很好。
2. how和形容詞或副詞一起構(gòu)成疑問副詞詞組,用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句。
①how old意為“幾歲”,用來詢問年齡。例如:
—How old is your father? ——你父親多大了?
—He is seventy-eight. ——他七十八歲了。
② how many后跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,意為“多少”,詢問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。例如:
How many apples are there in the box? 箱子里有多少蘋果?
—How many women teachers are there in your school? ——你們學(xué)校有多少名女教師?
—There are forty-two. —四十二名。
【溫馨提示】how much后跟不可數(shù)名詞,意為“多少”,用來詢問不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,也可用來詢問物品的價格或總錢數(shù)。例如:
—How much water is there in the glass? ——玻璃杯里有多少水?
—Only a little. ——只有一點(diǎn)兒。
—How much does your sweater cost? ——你的毛衣多少錢?
—It’s thirty dollars. ——三十美元。
3. how long意為“多長、多久”, 用來詢問物體或時間的長度。例如:
—How long is the picture? ——這幅畫有多長?
—It is about three meters. ——大約三米。
—How long did they stay in the zoo? ——他們在動物園呆了多久?
—They stayed about an hour and a half. ——他們呆了大約一個半小時。
4. how often意為“多久一次”,用來詢問動作發(fā)生的頻度。例如:
—Do you know how often the Olympic Games are held?——你知道奧林匹克運(yùn)動會多久舉辦一次?
—Every four years. ——每四年舉辦一次。
5. how soon意為“多久”,用來詢問要多久動作才發(fā)生。例如:
—How soon will you come back? ——你多久才能回來?
—In a month. ——一個月以后。
6. how about(=what about)意為“……怎樣”,用來詢問情況。例如:
—How about going out for a walk after dinner? ——晚飯后去散步如何?
—All right! ——行!
7. how heavy意為“多重”,用來詢問人或物體的重量。例如:
—How heavy is the blue whale? ——這頭藍(lán)鯨有多重?
—It weighs 80 tons. ——它重達(dá)八十噸。
8. how far意為“多遠(yuǎn)”,用來詢問兩地之間的距離。例如:
—How far is it from here to the hospital? ——從這兒到醫(yī)院有多遠(yuǎn)?
—It is about 30 miles. ——大約30英里。
9. how tall/ high 意為“多高”,用來詢問人或物的高度。tall指人、樹木、建筑物等與寬度相比高度特別突出的物體。high指其他物體的高度。例如:
—How tall is Kate? ——凱特有多高?
—She is one and a half meters tall. ——她有1.5米高。
How tall is the building? 那棟樓有多高?
—How high is the mountain? ——那座山有多高?
—It’s about 6,000 feet high. ——大約六千英尺高。
10. how big/ large意為“多大,多少”,用來對人或物之“大”進(jìn)行提問。如:
How big is the photo? 那張照片有多大?
How large is the country in area? 這個國家的面積有多大?
二、how還可以用來引導(dǎo)感嘆句,它用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“How + adj./ adv. + 主語 + 謂語!”例如:
How sunny it is today! 今天陽光多燦爛呀!
How well her sister sings! 她姐姐唱歌唱得多好呀!
How I wanted to be an English teacher! 我多想當(dāng)一名英語教師啊!
三、how用作連接副詞,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,意為“怎樣、如何”。例如:
I don’t know how I can use QQ on the Internet, though most of people do. 雖然大多數(shù)人都知道如何上網(wǎng)使用QQ, 但是我卻不知道。
—Can you tell me how he came to Beijing? ——你能告訴我他是怎樣來北京的?
—Yes, he came here by air. ——好的,他是坐飛機(jī)來北京的。
【溫馨提示】how用作連接副詞,還可用于“how + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“如何……,怎樣……”,在句中常作主語、賓語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:
—My dad bought me a new MP4, but I don’t know how to use it. ——我爸爸給我買了個新的MP4,但是我不知道如何使用它。
—Let’s read the instructions. ——我們一起看看說明書吧。
—Will you please show me how to use Skype to talk others? ——你給我演示一下如何用網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話與別人交談好嗎?
—Sure, it’s quite easy. ——當(dāng)然可以,這相當(dāng)簡單。
【學(xué)以致用】
1. —________ interesting the storybook is!
—Yes. I have read it twice. (2013年山東省威海市)
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
2. —How often do you chat with your friends online?
—_________ I’m busy with my study. (2013年山東省菏澤市)
A. Only one month. B. About twice a month.
C. Almost every day. D. Maybe in two weeks.
3. —How far is your cousin’s home from here?
—It’s about two _______ ride. (2013年湖北省隨州市)
A. hour’s B. hours C. hours’ D. Hour
4. How many ________ are there in the basket? (2013年黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市)
A. potato B. bread C. tomatoes
5. —How ______ is it from Xi’an to Dunhuang?
—It’s less than 3 _______ flight. (2013年甘肅省白銀市)
A. long; hour’s B. far; hour’s
C. long; hours’ D. far; hours’
6. —________ do you usually go to school, Simon?
—By bike. (2013年江蘇省淮安市)
A. When B. How C. What D. Where
7. —________ do you know so much about the UFO?
—I usually get the information by surfing the Internet. (2013年山東省濱州市)
A. How B. What C. Which D. Where
8. Students should learn how ________ problems. (2013年四川省雅安市)
A. solve B. solving C. can solveD. to solve
9. What a nice paper fish!Can you show us ________ you make it? (2013年陜西?。?/p>
A. whether B. how C. why D. what
10. —______ hard Tony is working!
—Yes. We should learn from him.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
Keys:
1~5 CBCCD 6~10 BADBB