1. defend v. 防守，防御；保衛(wèi)，辯解

Troops have been sent to defend the borders.

部隊(duì)已被派出守衛(wèi)邊疆。

How can you defend such behavior？

你怎能為這種行為辯解呢？

搭配：

defend sb/sth against sb/sth 抵御……；為…申辯

All officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.

所有警察都接受過(guò)防御訓(xùn)練以對(duì)付持刀襲擊。

defence n. 保衛(wèi)，防御；辯方，被告方

At least， for that， his defence team should be grateful.

至少對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)，他的辯護(hù)團(tuán)應(yīng)該感到感激。

2. attend v. 上（學(xué)）；出席，參加；照料

She is so sick that she cant attend a class.

她病得太嚴(yán)重而不能上課。

It is necessary for you to attend the meeting.

你有必要參加這次會(huì)議。

She was constantly attended by her sister.

她經(jīng)常由她姐姐照料著。

attend to sb/sth 處理；照料；注意（聽(tīng)）

I have some urgent business to attend to.

我有一些急事要處理。

3. various adj. 各種各樣的，各種不同的；若干

There are various ways of doing this work.

做這一工作的方法有很多種。

Various people said theyd seen the accident.

一些人說(shuō)他們目睹了這次車禍。

variety n. 各式各樣的事物；變化，多樣化；種類，品種

Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.

參加聚會(huì)的人因?yàn)榉N種原因而遲到。

4. immediate adj. 立刻的，即刻的；直接的

This work demands your immediate attention.

這項(xiàng)工作需要你立即處理。

The immediate cause of the fire is unknown.

造成火災(zāi)的直接原因不明。

immediately adv. 立即地，馬上

conj. 一……就……

I came immediately after I had eaten.

我一吃完飯就過(guò)來(lái)了。

5. deserve v. 應(yīng)得，值得；值得受到（獎(jiǎng)賞或懲罰）

You deserve a good rest after all that hard work.

辛苦這么久，你該好好休息下了。

If the little boy really lied， he deserved punishment.

如果那個(gè)小男孩真的撒謊了，那他應(yīng)該受到懲罰。

搭配：

（sb） deserve to do（某人）應(yīng)做（某事）

Everyone deserves to have a chance at life.

每個(gè)人在人生當(dāng)中都應(yīng)得一次機(jī)會(huì)。

6. rely v. 信任，信賴；依賴，依靠

You can rely on me to keep your secret.

你盡可以相信我會(huì)替你保守秘密。

These days people rely heavily on computers to finish work.

今天的人們很大程度上依賴電腦來(lái)完成工作。

Rely on me/my doing it.

放心好了，我會(huì)做那件事。

7. appoint v. 任命，委派；安排，確定（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)）

They appointed him as captain of the English team.

他們?nèi)蚊麨橛⒏裉m隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。

A date for the meeting is still to be appointed.

會(huì)議日期尚待確定。

appointment n. 預(yù)約；約會(huì)；任命

The director wont see you unless you have an appointment.

除非事先預(yù)約，否則董事不會(huì)見(jiàn)你。

8. commit v. 犯（錯(cuò)誤，罪行）；作出保證，承諾

Most teenagers commit crimes because they lack parental control.

大多數(shù)青少年犯罪是由于缺少父母監(jiān)管。

The manager has refused to commit himself on this matter.

那位經(jīng)理拒絕就此問(wèn)題作出承諾。

commitment n. 承諾，諾言；忠誠(chéng)，支持

The companys commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.

這家公司保證供貨質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)廉的承諾對(duì)它的成功起了決定性作用。

9. confirm v.（尤指通過(guò)提供更多證據(jù)）證實(shí)，進(jìn)一步確

定；批準(zhǔn)，確認(rèn)

The expression on her face confirmed our worst fears.

她臉上的表情證實(shí)了我們最擔(dān)心的事情發(fā)生了。

confirmation n. 證實(shí)；證明；確定

There has still been no official confirmation of the report.

傳聞還沒(méi)有得到官方的證實(shí)。

10. There is no doubt that... 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……

There is no doubt that we did the right thing.

毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)我們做對(duì)了。

There is no doubt that she will call us when she gets there.

她到達(dá)那兒的時(shí)候必定會(huì)給我們打電話。

（1） there is no possibility that... 沒(méi)有……的可能性

There is no possibility that she will be lost.

她不可能會(huì)迷路。

（2） it is no wonder that... 難怪……

It is no wonder that youve got a headache when you drank so much last night.

昨晚你喝了那么多酒，難怪你頭痛。

11. if necessary 如果有必要的話

If necessary （= If it is necessary）， you can use my car.

必要的話，你可以用給我的車。

You may refer the matter to him if necessary （= if it is necessary）.

必要的話你可以把這件事委托給他。

“if+形容詞”是“if （it is/was） + 形容詞”省略it is/was的形式；if necessary為if it is necessary省略句形式。if后還可跟possible，ready等。例如：

If possible （= If it is possible）， let me know beforehand.

如果可能，事先讓我知道。

Send the goods now if ready （= if it is ready）.

貨物如已備好，請(qǐng)立即送來(lái)。

12. be used to （sth/doing sth） 習(xí)慣于（某事/做某事）

We are used to the noise from the traffic now.

現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)車輛往來(lái)的噪音了。

I found the job tiring at first but soon I was used to it.

起初我覺(jué)得這份工作很辛苦，但很快就習(xí)慣了。

辨析：

比較be used to和used to

be used to指某人已經(jīng)習(xí)慣、適應(yīng)于某事，與過(guò)去無(wú)關(guān)；否定形式為be not used to。同時(shí)，可與get used to sth/doing sth互換。

Im not used to eating so much at lunch time.

我不習(xí)慣午飯吃那么多。

used to指過(guò)去常常做某事而現(xiàn)在不做某事；否定形式為didnt use to或usednt to。

I used to smoke， but I gave up a couple of years ago.

我以前要抽煙，但兩年前戒掉了。

13. draw sbs attention to 引起某人注意（某事物）

The teacher tries to draw students attention to what she is saying.

老師想把學(xué)生注意力引到她所講的內(nèi)容上。

pay attention to 注意……，留心

You must pay attention to the teacher.

你必須專心聽(tīng)老師講課。

The music was on but I wasnt paying much attention to it.

音樂(lè)響起，但是我沒(méi)怎么注意聽(tīng)。

14. take possession of 占有，占據(jù)，擁有

You cant take possession of the house until all the papers have been signed.

所有的文件簽字以后你才能擁有這座房子。

（1） possess v. 擁有，占有；支配

The police asked me if I possessed the car.

警察問(wèn)這輛車是不是我的。

（2） in possession of 擁有，占有

He is in possession of a large estate in the country.

他在鄉(xiāng)下?lián)碛幸淮髩K地產(chǎn)。

15. be based on 根據(jù)，以……為基礎(chǔ)

The report is based on six different figures from six European cities.

報(bào)告是根據(jù)來(lái)自歐洲六個(gè)城市的不同數(shù)據(jù)完成的。

Friendship should be based on mutual respect.

友誼應(yīng)建立在對(duì)彼此的尊重之上。

（1） base n. 底部，根基，基礎(chǔ)；總部，基地

v. 以……為基礎(chǔ)；以……為基地

Many languages have Latin as their base.

許多語(yǔ)言都以拉丁語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)。

Our companys base is in London， but we have branches all over the world.

我們公司的總部在倫敦，但是我們?cè)谌澜绺魈幎荚O(shè)有分公司。