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A

Most people feel lonely sometimes， but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact， it is quite normal. For some people， though， loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind situational loneliness is a natural result of a particular situation， for example， a family problem， the death of a loved one， or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems， such as headaches and sleeplessness， it usually does not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most serious. Unlike the second type chronic（長期的）loneliness， the third kind of loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual（典型的）loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately， many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists agree that one important factor（因素）in loneliness is a persons social contacts， e.g. friends， family members， co-workers， etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance， our families give us emotional support， our parents and teachers give us guidance， and our friends share similar interests and activities. However， psychologists have found that， though lonely people may have many social contacts， they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons： They are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal， healthy part of life， chronic loneliness can be a very sad， and sometimes dangerous condition.

1. “It” in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 refers to ___ .

A. temporary loneliness

B. situational loneliness

C. moving to a new place

D. headache or sleeplessness

2. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 4？

A. One problem of loneliness is a persons social relationship.

B. People depend on various people for different reasons.

C. Lonely people dont have abilities to communicate.

D. Lonely people dont have many friends.

3. According to the last paragraph， Chronu loneliness ___ .

A. is caused by unhappiness.

B. can help to build a healthy life.

C. can cause serious illness or problems.

D. is caused by heart disease and cant be overcome.

4. What is the best title for the passage？

A. Chronic Loneliness

B. Loneliness and Diseases

C. Three Kinds of Loneliness

D. Loneliness and Social Contacts

B

More teachers are starting off the school year with letters to parents and students to introduce themselves and set a tone （基調(diào)）for the year. “The letter is a good way to start active communication with parents，” several teachers told Education World.

“I think its my job，” said Dorothy Peselli， an English teacher at Sparta High School in Sparta， New Jersey. Peselli， who gave out the letters on the first day of school， told Education World， “It gives parents a good image of you as a teacher. If you start communication off in an active manner， you will have the parents on your side when you need them.”

In her letter to parents， Peselli encourages them to call or send e-mails to her with special concerns about their children. “I want to work as a team to make sure that your children become independent lifelong learners，” Peselli wrote to parents last September. She also telephoned the parents of all her students at the beginning of the year.

Peselli includes in the letter a classroom handbook listing plans and rules. And she asks both parents and students to read and sign statements （included in the letter） that they read the handbook. The student letter also lists needed supplies and gives encouragement. “Please come to class ready to work and learn. This will be an exciting year for all of us，” says it.

Last year， Peselli taught at a different high school and parents there were “shocked”， but thankful， that she had so much contact with them. “I received roses and a thank-you note from one boy and his mother，” said Peselli. She wished her own childrens teachers would take the time to write notes as well. “I never got a letter home from any of my daughters high school teachers，” she said. “It would be nice to know the background of some of the people who are teaching my daughter.”

5. We may learn from the text that Pesellis letter ___ .

A. mainly introduces her teaching experiences

B. is used to list supplies and give encouragement

C. used to shock all the parents from another school

D. can help teachers communicate with parents more

6. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to “___”.

A. the handbook B. the requirement

C. the school D. the student letter

7. We can infer from the last paragraph that ___ .

A. Peselli seems to be popular among boy students

B. Peselli means to surprise parents by writing letters

C. parents were satisfied with Pesellis way of working

D. all Pesellis children are studying at the high school

8. The purpose of the text is to ___ .

A. give advice on how to teach students

B. introduce an English teaching method

C. encourage teachers to keep in touch with parents

D. show us how Dorothy Peselli makes teaching plans

1. We can not guarantee the ____（準時的）arrival of trains in foggy weather.

2. ____（擦亮）shoes regularly to protect the leather from being dirty and old.

3. At the end of the month the physicians wondered， and said he would live another ____（兩星期）.

4. The audience c as the movie star walked on stage.

5. This c of study is designed to help those wishing to teach abroad.

I was recent told that listening to loud music is gradually making people hard to hear. Im sure has already happened to my neighbor. For years she has turned a deaf ear to my requests to turn her radio on. When she gave a party she isnt have to invite the rest of the street. Everyone can dance in her music in his own room. Now a scientist has discovered a certain electronic sounds have strange effects on rats. He declares they break down， and almost paralyze（癱瘓）with its legs trembled. Then it is simply a matter of throwing them out by their tail. I wonder if the same thing will happen to my neighbor someday.

1. 他是個單身漢，一個人生活，花錢很隨意。

2. 這些規(guī)則僅適用于21歲以下者。

3. 尼姆偶然之中知道了這種安排，他簡直不知道是應該氣惱還是覺得有趣才好。

4. 她不喜歡得罪人，所以她從不表露自己的真實感情。

1. Andy is becoming more and more ___ by his good friend Jacks selfish behavior.

A. beloved B. devoted

C. pleased D. irritated

2. It seems to experts that these five companies ___ 95% of the green food market in this area.

A. pick up B. make up

C. put up D. set up

3. It was never clear ___ the murderer was not sentenced to death.

A. how B. that

C. why D. when

4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.

A. smoking B. smoked

C. smoke D. to smoke

5. — Mike， you look so well. Swimming regularly must have

done you good.

— Oh， really？ ___ .

A. Thank you anyway B. Thats a pleasure

C. Youre welcome D. Thats encouraging

Im just a senior in high school who works for the poor pay at a local Baskin Robbins. In and outside of work， I always

1 a smile and try to show my 2 attitude towards others. But recently Ive decided to truly help a complete stranger in other ways 3 just acting friendly.

Today two young 4 came into the store and looked around. I 5 them my usual greeting. It was a couple of 6 later when one of them finally 7 on a unique chocolate chip. So then， I made a big scoop（一勺）， put it on an ice-cream cone（蛋卷筒）and 8 it to her immediately. 9 ， though， the other girl didnt get anything even though I could 10 her eyes were fixed on the variety of 11 .

So， I was ringing up the 12 when the other girl， who seemed the younger sister， cried out， “I wish I could have 13 .” I knew when I heard this that it was my opportunity to 14 her to a little something. So， I told her that I would pay for her scoop. She was in 15 disbelief at my words. I asked her what 16 she wanted of cookies and creams and handed her the treat. I then took 17 $3 for it and placed it in the register.

She appeared so grateful but her elder sister was still sur-prised. It was funny， 18 ， how my co-workers looked at me like I was crazy. But I didnt care that I 19 a little， because the feeling I received from my action was 20 a million dollars.

1. A. wear B. show C. act D. dress

2. A. serious B. friendly C. careful D. boring

3. A. beyond B. except C. within D. over

4. A. boys B. ladies C. girls D. men

5. A. provided B. supplied C. gave D. offered

6. A. hours B. minutes C. seconds D. days

7. A. depended B. decided C. relied D. agreed

8. A. passed B. handed C. threw D. sent

9. A. Excitingly B. Angrily C. Interestingly D. Happily

10. A. say B. speak C. talk D. tell

11. A. scoops B. chips C. creams D. salads

12. A. shop B. sale C. boss D. ice-cream

13. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. none

14. A. treat B. explain C. present D. sell

15. A. little B. plenty C. complete D. half

16. A. taste B. sight C. touch D. sense

17. A. in B. up C. over D. out

18. A. therefore B. too C. though D. however

19. A. bought B. wasted C. needed D. spent

20. A. worthy B. valuable C. priceless D. worth