陳洪武
(宜陽縣第一高級中學物理組,河南 宜陽 471600)
從機械能守恒的角度推導單擺簡諧振動的周期
陳洪武
(宜陽縣第一高級中學物理組,河南 宜陽 471600)
本文給出了利用基本的物理原理結合高等數(shù)學公式的方法推導單擺做簡諧運動的周期公式,可以簡明扼要地理解單擺簡諧運動的過程.
單擺;簡諧運動;機械能守恒;微分方程
如圖1所示,當θ0<10°時,單擺做簡諧振動.設其擺動時最大擺角是θ0,擺球的質量是m,擺長為l,取擺球在最低點為重力勢能的零點,忽略空氣阻力等因素的影響,擺球的機械能守恒.設經過時間t,從最低點向上擺過的角度是θ,則根據(jù)機械能守恒有
圖1
從最低點到擺角為θ0經歷時間為,對上式積分,有
可得振動周期為
已知θ0較小則
SIMPLE HARMONIC VIBRATION PERIOD OF PENDULUM IS DEDUCED FROM CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
Chen Hongwu
(Group of Physics,the First High School of Yiyang County,Yiyang,Henan 471600)
In this paper,simple harmonic vibration period of pendulum is deduced from the basic physical principles combined with the advanced mathematics.The process of simple harmonic motion of pendulum can be comprehended concisely,which is meaningful to university physics teaching.
pendulum;simple harmonic motion;conservation of mechanical energy;differential equation
2011-09-09)