[摘要] It在英語句子中可以做一些基本成分，與其它一些詞語組合構(gòu)成一些固定的搭配。it的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“A強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、B強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語、C強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語、D強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語補(bǔ)足語、E強(qiáng)調(diào)主語補(bǔ)足語”。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 英語 it 應(yīng)用

it在英語中是一個(gè)很重要的詞，掌握好它的用法，對(duì)于今后的學(xué)習(xí)很重要，下面，我就對(duì)it的用法進(jìn)行如下一些總結(jié):

1.it是代詞。指除人以外的一切生物和事物，用來指代時(shí)間、季節(jié)、天氣、距離、環(huán)境。在這里，it是一個(gè)虛詞，沒有任何實(shí)際意義。例如:

What’s the date today?今天幾號(hào)?

It’s July 1.七月一號(hào)

How far is it from the bus station to your home?

2.it用作主語，用來指代文中出現(xiàn)過的人或事，此時(shí)用來代替一個(gè)名詞，一個(gè)短語，一個(gè)從句或一個(gè)句子。在句中可指生物，無生物，不明性別的嬰兒，也可以指一個(gè)動(dòng)作或一件事物，還可以指明人或事物的身份。在這里是有實(shí)意的。例如:

What’s this?這是什么?

It’s a computer.這是一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。

He tried to get rid of smoking，but it was impossible.他嘗試著戒煙，但那是不可能的。

3.it用作形式上的主語，為了避免將句中作真正主語的不定式，動(dòng)名詞和名詞子句置于句首造成頭重腳輕，習(xí)慣上可用作形式主語置于句首，指代后面的真正主語，使句子顯得流暢。作形式主語句型有:

it +謂語+不定式

it +謂語+動(dòng)名詞

it +謂語+名詞從句

(1)不定式具有名詞性質(zhì)，可用作主語。例如:

Tocompromise is sensible.=It is sensible to compromise.互相妥協(xié)是明智的。

此句譯成漢語時(shí)，沒有實(shí)際意義，要把后置的不定式作為主語來翻譯。例如:

It is necessary to have a good sleep before the test.=To have a good sleep before the is necessary.考試前好好睡一覺是很必要的。

It is wrong to do so.=To do so is wrong.這樣做是錯(cuò)誤的。

(2)與不定式不同，動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，一般置于句子開端，置于句尾時(shí)常將動(dòng)名詞改成不定式。因此，用代替動(dòng)名詞作形式主語的句子較少，主要用在以no use，useless，not any use，not much use，not any good，not much good，no help，dangerous等詞作主語補(bǔ)足語的句子中。例如:

It is useless(no use)talking to the old man about it.和一位老人談?wù)撨@些是沒有用的。

It is dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危險(xiǎn)的。

4.it可以替由that連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如:

It is a pity that her sister cannot go skating with us.=That her sister cannot go skating with us is a pity.他的姐姐不能和我們?nèi)チ锉@真令人遺憾。

5.it is強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

句子結(jié)構(gòu)一般it +be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+字句。在句中沒有實(shí)際意義。

(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語。例如:

It was his brother who (that) broke the cup.

(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語

(A)強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語。例如:

It was a New Year card that he sent his classmate.他寄給他同學(xué)的是一張新年卡片。

(B)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。例如:

It was his classmate that (whom) he sent a New Year card to.他將新年卡片寄給他的同學(xué)。

(C)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語。

(a)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語。例如:

It was every Monday afternoon that Mrs Smith teaches us English.史密斯先生每星期一下午給我們講英語。

(b)強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語。例如:

It was before the fireplace that the old woman was sitting.這位老婦人坐在壁燈前。

(D)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

It was wrong that we considered him.我們認(rèn)為他是錯(cuò)誤的。

(E)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

It is little Tiger that he is called.他被稱作小老虎。

另外，要熟記以下的一些搭配:

(a)It is a period of time since +主語+ did something自…以來已有一段時(shí)間。例如:

It is two years since he left here.他離開這兒已有2年了。

(b)It is no use doing something…做…無用。例如:

It is no use doing so.那么做沒用。

(c)It is said that…據(jù)說。例如:

It is said that something has been done to end the strike.據(jù)說已采取措施結(jié)束罷工。

(d)It is well known (to all) that…眾所周知。例如:

It is known (to all) that we Chinese people are against war.眾所周知，我們中國人民反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭。

(e)It was (not) long (hours，weeks，months) before +從句。例如:

It was not long before she came back.不久她就回來了。

6.It seems that…例如:

It seems that he were ill.他好像有病了。

7.It takes (took)+時(shí)間+ to do something例如:

It takes three weeks to finish the work.完成這項(xiàng)工作得用3周時(shí)間。

8.It is (was) not until…that例如:

It was not until yesterday that I received a letter from him.直到昨天我才收到你的信。

9.It is…for one to…例如:

It’s good for us to be here.我們到這來真好。

10.It is+adj.+of+somebody to do something(能用此句型的形容詞常見有:kind，good，nice，foolish，stupid，wrong，clever等)。例如:

It is very kind of you to help us.承蒙幫助，不勝感激。

11.It is +adj. + for somebody to do something例如:

It is important for us to grasp the knowledge.我們掌握那項(xiàng)知識(shí)是重要的。