摘要:開設(shè)英語對(duì)話課的最終目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生語言交際能力。本課例圍繞這一目的,提出有針對(duì)性的學(xué)習(xí)策略訓(xùn)練,將任務(wù)型教學(xué)法和聽說教學(xué)法有機(jī)結(jié)合,講究語言環(huán)境的創(chuàng)設(shè),重視交際策略的運(yùn)用,以提高學(xué)生的交際能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:課例研究;英語對(duì)話課;學(xué)習(xí)策略
研究主題:高職英語對(duì)話課學(xué)習(xí)策略訓(xùn)練。
教學(xué)內(nèi)容:全國(guó)英語等級(jí)考試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)教程第二級(jí)《Unit 26Hotels》。
教學(xué)年級(jí):高職三年級(jí)。
執(zhí)教教師:陳錫
研究教師:趙旦、楊梅青、朱怡、陳燁、劉培霞、劉德云、陳冶彬
指導(dǎo)教師:楊梅青 無錫市衛(wèi)生高等職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)校英語教研室主任。
背景:英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)倡導(dǎo)知識(shí)與技能、過程與方法、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀三位一體的教學(xué)理念和任務(wù)型教學(xué),要求課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)化與交際化。這是高職英語課改面臨的新課題,對(duì)高職英語教學(xué)提出了全新的要求。為了更好地在高職英語課堂教學(xué)中貫徹落實(shí)英語新課標(biāo),用科學(xué)的態(tài)度審視英語課堂教學(xué),加大課改的力度,優(yōu)化英語課堂教學(xué),促進(jìn)高職英語教學(xué)質(zhì)量的提高,學(xué)校決定由我牽頭上課,抽調(diào)趙旦、楊梅青、朱怡、陳燁、劉培霞、劉德云、陳冶彬等有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的英語教師參與課例研究。
一、 原始課例
經(jīng)過研究教師和執(zhí)教教師的共同商討,本課時(shí)上的是全國(guó)英語等級(jí)考試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)教程第二級(jí)《Unit 26Hotels》Dialogue1部分,屬于“對(duì)話課”。學(xué)生要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握在預(yù)定賓館時(shí)有關(guān)的單詞和交際用語,并通過一系列的課堂活動(dòng),創(chuàng)造語境,讓學(xué)生把單詞和交際用語運(yùn)用于對(duì)話中,在實(shí)際生活中能夠順利完成預(yù)定賓館的任務(wù)。
Teaching procedures (教學(xué)步驟)
Step One: Lead-in
TaskShow students a question via PPT
T: If you pay a visit to another city, where will you stay? What are the advantages and disadvantages? Give the students 3 minutes to have a free talk then ask some students to speak out their ideas.
Step Two: New words and some related information
Task oneIntroduce the new words of Dialogue 1
① peace
② book/order/reserve → n. reservation
③surname/family name/last namegiven name/first name
④ twin
Task twoMatch Work: How to distinguish different types of rooms?
Show students some pictures of different rooms via PPT
Present different room types: single room, double room, triple room, standard room, suite, garden view room, sea view room, lake view room.
T: Can you match these different rooms with the pictures? Ask some students to do the match work.
Step Three: Dialogue 1
Task onePresent the scene of Dialogue 1 via PPT
T: Can you guess what happened in the dialogue?
S: Ted Williams is booking a hotel room by phone.
Task twoListening and blank-
filling
Listen to the record and fill in the reservation form.
Some necessary information you should offer:
Name: Ted Williams
When: tonight
How many nights: one
Room type: a single room
Some information you should know:
Room type: a double room
The price: ¥360
The time to check in: before 10:00
Transport: an airport bus
Task threeIntroduce some important language points
①make a reservation
②solid
e.g. The stores are packed solid at this time of year.
Step Four: Consolidation and Extension
Task onePresent Supplementary Dialogues
Play two videos of hotel reservation. While watching the videos, ask the students to pay attention to some useful phrases and sentences. Then present some useful sentences in the videos.
Task twoPair work: Role play — make a reservation
According to the provided information, make a similar dialogue about the hotel reservation in pairs.
西郊賓館單人間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間套房
¥180 ¥215 ¥386
湖濱飯店標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間套房 湖景房
¥488 ¥765¥810
白鷺酒店標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間雙人間海景房
¥398¥498¥780
Ask some pairs to act out.
Step Five: Homework
TaskPractice the dialogue
二、 反思
使用原始課例上課后,參與研究的教師認(rèn)真聽課并詳細(xì)記錄。她們對(duì)這一“對(duì)話課”課型予以肯定,同時(shí)也提出很多修改性意見,摘錄如下。
(1)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。①本課的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)遵循了“真實(shí)任務(wù)型教學(xué)”的理念,恰當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)話任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)確立了學(xué)生在任務(wù)型教學(xué)中的主體地位。將學(xué)習(xí)與學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活結(jié)合起來,讓學(xué)生感到學(xué)習(xí)英語的實(shí)用性。②體現(xiàn)了“教師為主導(dǎo),學(xué)生為主體”的教學(xué)原則。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生聯(lián)系本課的話題,通過挖掘話題所反映的生活實(shí)際和背景知識(shí)來充實(shí)和深化對(duì)話課,充分發(fā)揮了學(xué)生的想象力并積極采用激勵(lì)、指導(dǎo)、反饋等評(píng)價(jià)功能。③通過一些小組討論和角色扮演活動(dòng),激發(fā)了學(xué)生充分地參與語言實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的動(dòng)機(jī),使之掌握本課主要內(nèi)容,并運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言進(jìn)行模擬交際,促進(jìn)了知識(shí)向能力的轉(zhuǎn)化,同時(shí)又利用聽說教學(xué)法,結(jié)合本課話題,發(fā)展了他們聽、說的能力。
(2)不足。①Lead-in 直接問題導(dǎo)入比較突兀,可以承接上一單元的話題來設(shè)計(jì)開場(chǎng)白,使單元間自然過渡。導(dǎo)入的任務(wù)對(duì)學(xué)生可能太難,不如直接通過PPT播放三種住宿方式的圖片,啟發(fā)學(xué)生說出對(duì)應(yīng)的英文表達(dá)方式,然后討論說出這三種方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。②Step 4時(shí)間太過倉促,考慮到學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)和吸收能力,可以刪去一個(gè)視頻,來增加后面學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備和表演的時(shí)間。③在放視頻的過程中,可以適當(dāng)停頓,突出交際用語,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生模仿記憶,使學(xué)生掌握更多的預(yù)定賓館的用語。④放完視頻后,不需要把視頻中的交際用語都列出來,可以把對(duì)話中要用到的重點(diǎn)用語列出來,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生的記憶。
三、 改進(jìn)課例
在原始課例基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)改進(jìn)意見,進(jìn)一步設(shè)計(jì)課堂教學(xué)過程。
Teaching procedures (教學(xué)步驟)
Step One: Lead-in
TaskShow students a question via PPT
T: In the last unit, we talked about sightseeing and travel plans. You know, while making travel plans, there are many things you should think about, for example, accommodations. So if you pay a visit to another city, where will you stay? I’ll give you some clues. (Play the pictures via PPT)
Ss: Go camping, rent a house or villa, and stay at hotel.
T: Yes, very good! What are the advantages and disadvantages?
Give the students 3 minutes to have a free talk then ask some students to speak out their ideas.
S1: Camping is very romantic and cheap, but it’s in bad condition, such as mosquitoes and insects.
S2: Renting a house or villa is big and free, but it’s expensive and you should do everything yourself.
S3: Staying at hotel is convenient and comfortable.
T: Great! In general, I think most people will choose hotel to stay at. However, do you know how to make a reservation? Today, we’ll focus on this part.
Step Two: New words and some related information
Task one Introduce the new words of Dialogue 1
① peace
② book/order/reserve → n. reservation
③ surname/family name/last name
given name/first name
④ twin
Task two Match Work: How to distinguish different types of rooms?
Show students some pictures of different rooms via PPT
Present different room types: single room, double room, triple room, standard room, suite, garden view room, sea view room, lake view room.
T: Can you match these different rooms with the pictures?
Ask some students to do the match work.
Step Three: Dialogue 1
Task onePresent the scene of Dialogue 1 via PPT
T: Can you guess what happened in the dialogue?
S: Ted Williams is booking a hotel room by phone.
Task twoListening and blank-filling
Listen to the record and fill in the reservation form.
Some necessary information you should offer:
Name: Ted Williams
When: tonight
How many nights: one
Room type: a single room
Some information you should know:
Room type: a double room
The price: ¥360
The time to check in: before 10:00
Transport: an airport bus
Task threeIntroduce some important language points
①make a reservation
②solid
e.g. The stores are packed solid at this time of year.
Step Four: Consolidation and Extension
Task onePresent a Supplementary Dialogue
Play one more video of hotel reservation. While watching the video, ask the students to pay attention to some useful phrases and sentences. Then present some useful sentences in the dialogues.
* This is room reservations. May I help you?
* I’d like to reserve a … room.
* What kind of room would you prefer?
* For which date?/ For how many nights?
*Your room is reserved. Please check in before …
* Sorry, we’re booked solid.
* Thanks for calling. Goodbye.
Task twoPair work: Role play — make a reservation
According to the provided information, make a similar dialogue about the hotel reservation in pairs.
西郊賓館單人間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間套房
¥180¥215¥386
湖濱飯店標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間 套房湖景房
¥488¥765¥810
白鷺酒店標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間雙人間海景房
¥398 ¥498¥780
Ask some pairs to act out.
Step Five: Homework
TaskPractice the dialogue
四、 再生課例的反思
經(jīng)過全組教師共同努力,一個(gè)比較成功的課例誕生了。在研究教師的共同參與下,再一次實(shí)施課堂教學(xué)。學(xué)生主動(dòng)參與進(jìn)來,舉手發(fā)言,爭(zhēng)先恐后,課堂氣氛極為活躍。
(1)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。①合理運(yùn)用聽說教學(xué)法。威尼茨(Winitz)和里滋(Reeds)認(rèn)為:“大量事實(shí)說明,兒童學(xué)說話的過程是先聽懂,然后說話?!彼裕奥牎睉?yīng)該開始于“說”之前。“聽”是一個(gè)語言輸入和語言儲(chǔ)備的過程。學(xué)生通過聽,大量地接觸英語語言后,便可進(jìn)行口語能力的訓(xùn)練。此時(shí),學(xué)生不是被迫說話,而是因?yàn)樗麄円延幸欢康恼Z言儲(chǔ)備,開口說話表達(dá)思想,進(jìn)行語言交際是他們的愿望,也是聽的必然結(jié)果。因此,在Step three和Step four中,通過相關(guān)的listening and blank-filling 和 watching video使學(xué)生做好了充分的語言儲(chǔ)備,增強(qiáng)了學(xué)生的自信心。②給予了學(xué)生足夠的操練時(shí)間,以保證學(xué)生在掌握一定的語言知識(shí)和信息后,就課堂中所提供的適量補(bǔ)充性材料(詞語、句型、對(duì)話等),經(jīng)過思維,在原有知識(shí)及語言的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)所獲得的內(nèi)容和語言進(jìn)行加工和重組,并賦予新的內(nèi)容,然后輸出。通過這樣的練習(xí),學(xué)生就可以把對(duì)話課應(yīng)掌握的語言知識(shí)和信息內(nèi)化為自己的言語技能,從而提高運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行交際的能力。③運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代多媒體教學(xué)創(chuàng)造了聽自然語言的機(jī)會(huì),因而保證了教學(xué)的語言質(zhì)量,激起了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。④根據(jù)學(xué)生的特點(diǎn)和課堂的時(shí)間限制,對(duì)教材進(jìn)行了取舍和處理,打破了傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)中對(duì)教材100%的忠誠(chéng)。
(2)不足。①在設(shè)計(jì)各項(xiàng)任務(wù)時(shí),應(yīng)該多提攜參與積極性較差的學(xué)生(有一部分學(xué)生始終沒有主動(dòng)舉過手)。在role play時(shí),可以以大組為單位,讓每個(gè)大組選派一對(duì)上來表演。并且可以設(shè)置一些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),來激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣。②反饋不足,確有助益的反饋不是僅僅給出正確答案,而是指出對(duì)話中存在的錯(cuò)誤以及采取哪些信息與訓(xùn)練使學(xué)習(xí)者如何在將來避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。
五、 啟示
對(duì)話課是英語教學(xué)的重要組成部分,但要上好對(duì)話課卻很不容易。在平時(shí)教學(xué)中,一些教師把對(duì)話課上成了閱讀課,過分重視語言形式而輕視語言功能,忽視了對(duì)學(xué)生實(shí)際運(yùn)用英語能力的培養(yǎng)。因此,對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)者進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)牟呗杂?xùn)練應(yīng)該是對(duì)話課堂必不可少的內(nèi)容之一。我們應(yīng)力求使教學(xué)過程交際化,以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用外語交際的真本領(lǐng)。為了更好地上好對(duì)話課,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的交際運(yùn)用能力,我們嘗試在對(duì)話課教學(xué)中逐步確立以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生交際能力為目標(biāo),以學(xué)生為主體,以交際功能和任務(wù)為主線,結(jié)合相應(yīng)的語言結(jié)構(gòu)和語言技能的任務(wù)型教學(xué)基本模式。教師圍繞特定的交際目的和語言項(xiàng)目,設(shè)計(jì)出可操作性強(qiáng)的、任務(wù)化的教學(xué)活動(dòng),學(xué)生通過多種語言活動(dòng)完成任務(wù),始終處于一種積極的、主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)心理狀態(tài),達(dá)到學(xué)習(xí)語言和掌握語言的目的??傊?,在今后的時(shí)間里,如何運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的教學(xué)法,如何利用現(xiàn)有的語音設(shè)備和多媒體,組織好對(duì)話課堂教學(xué),仍然是我們不斷探討的目標(biāo)。
(無錫衛(wèi)生高等職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)校)