鄧立雪

[摘要]導(dǎo)入新課應(yīng)起到導(dǎo)引學(xué)生“心向”，激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的作用，使學(xué)生盡快進(jìn)入最佳學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)。好的導(dǎo)入如同橋梁，聯(lián)系著舊課和新課，預(yù)示著后面的高潮和結(jié)局。導(dǎo)入新課是整節(jié)課堂教學(xué)的準(zhǔn)備工作，為師生即將進(jìn)行的思維活動(dòng)做好心理準(zhǔn)備，為整節(jié)課的進(jìn)行打好基礎(chǔ)。

[關(guān)鍵詞]初中英語(yǔ) 課堂教學(xué) 導(dǎo)入 方法

中圖分類號(hào)：G42文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A文章編號(hào)：1671－7597（2009）0510148－01

一堂課的導(dǎo)入設(shè)計(jì)得好，能起到醞釀情緒、集中留意、滲透主題和帶入情景的作用。運(yùn)用良好的導(dǎo)入能激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)使所有的學(xué)生集中精力，進(jìn)入對(duì)新課題的學(xué)習(xí)。下面根據(jù)我個(gè)人的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，總結(jié)出以下幾種導(dǎo)入方法。

一、情景創(chuàng)設(shè)導(dǎo)入法

目的是激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，建立學(xué)習(xí)圖式，為接下來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)作內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言上的鋪墊。比如：我在講八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)Unit 9 when w as he born?的引入，我就借助多媒體設(shè)備展示相關(guān)的圖片，鄧亞萍圖片：可以創(chuàng)設(shè)情景一：接著我就問(wèn)：Who's that?Do you know?同學(xué)們一起回答：鄧亞萍。接著我就問(wèn)who likes playing ping pong best in our class?有的學(xué)生說(shuō)：張金亮。我接著說(shuō)：Please 張金亮。Come to the blackboard.

T:When was Deng Ya ping born?

S1:She was in 1973.

T:What does she do?

S1:She is a ping pong player.

接著又展示邁克爾喬丹圖片：可以創(chuàng)設(shè)情景二：Who's that?Do you know?

同學(xué)們一起回答：邁克爾喬丹。接著我就問(wèn)：who likes playing basketball best in our class? 同學(xué)們一起回答：大老黑。老黑就是我班的學(xué)生何市偉。因?yàn)樗钠つw跟印度人一樣黑非常有特色。他也非常的喜歡打籃球。于是我說(shuō)：Please come to the blackboard，何市偉。

T:When was Michael Jordenborn?

S2:He was in 1963.

T:What does she do?

S2:Heis a basketballplayer.

接著我又展示馬蒂娜·辛吉斯圖片；可以創(chuàng)設(shè)情景三：接著我就問(wèn)：Who's that?Do you know?

If you know come to the blackboard,Please.

T:When was Martina Hingis born?

S3:She was in 1980.

T:What does she do?

S3:She is a tennis player.

通過(guò)展示學(xué)生們熟悉和喜愛(ài)的運(yùn)動(dòng)明星的圖片，上課一開(kāi)始就吸引了學(xué)生的注意力。較好地調(diào) 動(dòng)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性，喚起他們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，為整堂課的學(xué)習(xí)打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。

二、創(chuàng)設(shè)問(wèn)題導(dǎo)入法

教師在講課前可根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容提煉出問(wèn)題，激發(fā)起學(xué)生的好奇心和求知欲，啟發(fā)他們理解上下文，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考。教師可以自己提煉課堂問(wèn)題，可以將每課課后Wb里的問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生思考。提問(wèn)是課堂上最常見(jiàn)的教學(xué)活動(dòng)，是課堂教學(xué)必備的教學(xué)手段，它既是理解學(xué)習(xí)效果的手段，又是促使學(xué)生不斷學(xué)習(xí)的手段。進(jìn)而導(dǎo)入新課。這樣可以促使學(xué)生積極思維，引發(fā)探索問(wèn)題奧秘的愛(ài)好。例如：初三 Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.教師可以根據(jù)中學(xué)生必須遵守的規(guī)則這一問(wèn)題提問(wèn)：

Should students not be allowed to have part-time jobs?

Should sixteen-year-olds be allowed to drive?

Should sixteen-year-olds be allowed to get their ears pierced?

Should sixteen-year-olds be allowed to choose their own clothes?

What should teenagers be allowed to wear?

What do the teenagers think about the school unifoums?

How do the teenagers like to study?

What is the teenagers`idea about vacation?

學(xué)生會(huì)很有愛(ài)好地去尋找答案，這樣就激發(fā)了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的熱情，這種通過(guò)常識(shí)設(shè)疑導(dǎo)入以疑促學(xué)的方式符合提出問(wèn)題，分析問(wèn)題，解決問(wèn)題的熟悉規(guī)律，因此，教師在教學(xué)中可以根據(jù)教材內(nèi)容適時(shí)運(yùn)用。

三、歸納導(dǎo)入法

教師在知識(shí)解釋中多采歸納的方法，即先分析后歸納的一種方法。例如：我在講形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)時(shí)叫學(xué)生從家里拿來(lái)尺子上臺(tái)互相測(cè)量身高，并把句子寫在黑板上。如：Li Ping is 1.60cm tall,Li Ying is 1.62cm tall .Chen Ying is 1.67cm tall .Wang Ce is the tallest.So Li Ying is taller than Li Ping but shorter than Chen Ying .Wang Ce is the tallest in the group and Li Ping is the shortest in the group.于是我讓學(xué)生小組討論，注意上面句子簡(jiǎn)單地歸納形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)以及最高級(jí)的形式 意義和功能。

四、Daily Report導(dǎo)入

課前兩三分鐘的Daily Report 是提高學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力的有效途徑。這種形式被教師們廣泛利用，同學(xué)們對(duì)此也十分感興趣。教師們黨利用這個(gè)時(shí)間，與大家閑聊任何感興趣的話題，分享學(xué)生英語(yǔ)的快樂(lè)，因而這種形式我們也可用來(lái)導(dǎo)入新課。

下面這組師生間的對(duì)話：

T:What time did you get up this morning ?

S:I got up at xix this morning .

T:What did he say?

S:He said he hael got up at six thix morning.

T:What do you usually do after school.

S:Iusually play basketball after school.

T:What did he say?

S:He said he usualy played basketball after school.

T:What will you do this weekend?

S:I will visit my cousins.

T:What did she say?

She said she would visither cousins this weekend 這段對(duì)話，看似隨意聊天，便卻在不經(jīng)意間引出了新課內(nèi)容。直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)。

五、趣味導(dǎo)入法

這是根據(jù)學(xué)生的年齡特征，采用兒歌、謎語(yǔ)、繪畫、游戲等形式導(dǎo)入新課的方法，它能激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的愛(ài)好，調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性，滿足其好奇心和求知欲，使其思維活動(dòng)抑制狀轉(zhuǎn)入活躍狀態(tài)。

如教九年級(jí)Unit 5 It must belong to carla時(shí)，可以以猜謎語(yǔ)來(lái)導(dǎo)入：Our neighborhood used to be very quiet.Heweve these days ,strange thinge things are happing in our neighborhood outside our window. strangenoises and evenyone is unheppy .There are footsteps in the hallway in the late night .It might be neighbors.There is something trying to get in the window.It might be the wind .How do you think so?Do you guess what he is on earth?It must be teenagers having fun.

學(xué)生們積極思考問(wèn)題回答：It might be a dog接下來(lái)就是我們今天要學(xué)的內(nèi)容：Strange events in Bell Tower neighborhool.這種導(dǎo)入法，學(xué)生在一節(jié)課剛開(kāi)始就被教師的趣味問(wèn)題所吸引并積極去思考，也就抓住了學(xué)生的留意力。

綜上所述，無(wú)論哪一種導(dǎo)入方法都應(yīng)該遵循導(dǎo)入技能的整體性原則、啟發(fā)性原則、趣味性原則及情感性原則。只有這樣，導(dǎo)入才能使學(xué)生愛(ài)好縱生，留意力集中，老師入題自然，師生配合向新課過(guò)渡順利。教師講課生動(dòng)活潑，就能引起學(xué)生的愛(ài)好。