在句子中起名詞作用的從句,稱為名詞性從句。根據(jù)其在句中所起的作用,從句分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同謂語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句是高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是歷屆英語(yǔ)高考的主要考點(diǎn)之一。
一、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1.that在名詞性從句中不作成分,沒(méi)有意義,只起到連接的作用;在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句中可以省略(如果是并列的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句只能省略前者),that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省略。
(1)Chuck learns (that) we need friends to share happiness and sorry,and that it is important to have someone to care about.
(2)Having checked the doors were closed,and _______ all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to his bedroom.(B)(2007湖南,28)
A.why B.that C.when D.where
2.what在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
(1)_______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(A)(2007全國(guó)II,17)
A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which
(2)Choosing the right dictionary depends on _______ you want to use it for.(A)(2007江蘇,25)
A.what B.why C.how D.where
3.其他引導(dǎo)詞根據(jù)從句所缺成分的含義確定引導(dǎo)詞。
(1)_______ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known.(C)
A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.Which
(2)We haven’t settled the question of _______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.(C)(2006江蘇,35)
A.if B.where C.whether D.that
句意:我們還沒(méi)有解決這一問(wèn)題——他是否有必要去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)句意排除B,D。介詞of后面用賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能用whether,不用if。
通常,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用連詞whether,不用if。
二、名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題
(1)Why not try your luck downtown,Bob?That’s _______ the best jobs are.(A)(2007浙江,5)
A.where B.what C.when D.why
(2)We cannot figure out _______ quit a number of insects,birds,and animals are dying out.(C)(2004北京,31)
A.that B.as C.why D.when
通過(guò)以上句子可以看出,名詞性從句必須陳述語(yǔ)序。
再如:You can’t imagine _______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.(B)
A.how they were excited B.how excited they were
C.how excited were they D.they were how excited
答案為B,同時(shí)還須注意,從句的引導(dǎo)詞必須始終置于句首。
三、關(guān)于主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)
(1)_______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(D)
A.There B.This C.That D.It
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng),謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí),常將從句后置,用it作為形式主語(yǔ)置于句首。形式賓語(yǔ)也用it,think,find,consider,believe,feel等動(dòng)詞后??梢詭t作形式賓語(yǔ)。
例如,Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.
四、who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法區(qū)別
(1)_______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.(A)(2006遼寧,30)
A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever
(2)Could I speak to _______ is in charge of International Sales,please.(C)(2007山東,22)
A.anyone B.someone
C.whoever D.no matter who
學(xué)生在名詞性從句的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,可以從以上幾點(diǎn)來(lái)掌握這種句式知識(shí)。