Feasibility study of personalized coronary CTA contrast agent injection protocol
DING Xiaoqing,SONGJingjing,TAN Wenli,ZHU Jing,WANG Li,XUHuihui,LYUYining,XIEYao,ZHAOXi,ZHANSonghua, WANG Danhong,GONG Zhigang
DepartmentofdiologguangspitalftedtgiUersityofditioalneseedicinega, China.
[Abstract]Objective:Toinvestigatetheclinicalfeasibilityofpersonalizedcontrastagentinjectionprotocolsforcoronary CTA(CCTA).Methods:Atotalof10OpatientsundergoingCCTAwereenrolledanddividedintoanexperimentalgroup(48cases) andacontrolgroup(52cases)acording totheexaminationtimeline.Theexperimental groupreceivedpersonalizedinjection protocols,whilethecontrolgroupusedkV-basedprotocols.Contrastagentdosageandinjectionratewererecordedforboth groups.CTvalueandnoiselevelweremeasuredattheaorticrot,leftmaincoronaryartery,proximalleftanteriordescending artery,md-leftanteriordescendingartery,proximalcireumflexartery,proximalrightcoronaryartery,andmid-ightcoroay artery.Subjectiveandobjectiveimagequalitywereevaluated,anddiferencesbetween thetwogroupswerecompared.Results: There werestatistcaldiffrences inthetubecurrent,dose length product(DLP),andefeciveradiationdose(ED)between the two groups(all Plt;0.05 ).The experimental group had contrast agent dosage of( 30.85±7.03)mL and injection rate of( 2.44±0.55 ) mL/s ,while the control group had( 50.38±1.35 )mLand( 4.04±0.13 )mL/s,respectively.Theexperimental group showed a 63.31% reduction in dosage and a 65.57% decrease in injection rate compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(both Plt;0.01 ).The subjective image quality score was (3.80±0.40 )points in the experimental group and (3.90±0.30 )points in the control group,with no statistically significant difference( Pgt;0.05 ). CT valuesandnoise levelsinallmeasuredbloodvesselsintheexperimental groupwerelower thanthoseinthecontrol group, with statistically significant differences(all Plt;0.05 ).There wasno statistical difference in SNR of measured blood vessels between the two groups (all Pgt;0.05 ).The noise score at the aortic root,CT value and objective image quality score of coronary had statistical differences between the two groups (all Plt;0.001 ),while SNR at the aortic root had no statistical diference ( P= 0.209).Conclusion:Thepersonalizedcontrastagent injectionprotocolforCCTAcansignificantlyreducecontrastagentdosage and injection rate without compromising the image quality of CCTA.
[Key words] Coronary artery;Personalized;Contrast agent;Tomography,X-ray computed;Angiography
缺血性心臟病是引起人類死亡的首要原因,每年死亡人數(shù)超過(guò)900萬(wàn)[1]。CT已經(jīng)成為心血管疾病的一線檢查手段[2-3]。隨著CT技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,越來(lái)越多的個(gè)性化技術(shù)用于臨床工作,如自動(dòng)管電壓設(shè)置、雙能量掃描、迭代重建、光子計(jì)數(shù)CT等[4-5]。這對(duì)冠狀 動(dòng)脈 CTA(coronary artery computed tomographyangiography,CCTA)對(duì)比劑注射方案的設(shè)計(jì)提出了挑戰(zhàn)。本研究通過(guò)微信小程序設(shè)置CCTA個(gè)性化對(duì)比劑注射方案,探討其臨床可行性。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
收集2024年2—4月在我院行CCTA檢查的100例患者。按就診時(shí)間順序使用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為試驗(yàn)組48例和對(duì)照組52例。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn): ① 使用前瞻性心電觸發(fā)大螺距掃描或回顧性心電門控掃描模式; ② 年齡 lt;18 歲; ③ 既往有嚴(yán)重碘對(duì)比劑不良反應(yīng); ④BMIgt;30kg/m2 。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(批號(hào):2024-1429-012-01)。
1.2儀器與方法
采用第3代雙源CT(SiemensSomatom Force),完成定位圖及鈣化積分采集后行CCTA檢查。檢查前無(wú)需控制心率,患者取仰臥位,足先進(jìn),右側(cè)上肢留置20G套管針。對(duì)比劑使用碘美普爾注射液(碘濃度400mg/mL )。使用監(jiān)測(cè)觸發(fā)方法,監(jiān)測(cè)主動(dòng)脈根部,閾值為 80HU ,觸發(fā)后延遲6s開始掃描。使用前瞻性心電觸發(fā)序列掃描模式,根據(jù)患者體型進(jìn)行自動(dòng)管電壓和自動(dòng)管電流調(diào)制,掃描參數(shù):參考管電壓為100kV ,參考管電流為 320mAs/r ;自適應(yīng)準(zhǔn)直,準(zhǔn)直范圍 96×0.6mm~192×0.6mm ;自適應(yīng)全劑量曝光范圍,根據(jù)患者心率和心律確定;掃描范圍從氣管隆突下 1cm 至心臟膈面,使用自動(dòng)范圍設(shè)置,根據(jù)患者心臟情況進(jìn)行微調(diào)。重建參數(shù):層厚 0.75mm ,層距0.5mm ,行ADMIRE迭代重建,Strength值為4,根據(jù)患者心臟大小自適應(yīng)視野,重建矩陣 512×512 。
試驗(yàn)組對(duì)比劑注射方案使用微信小程序“個(gè)性化CM計(jì)算器”進(jìn)行計(jì)算(軟件著作權(quán)登記號(hào)2022SR0269169),該方法參考相關(guān)研究[6結(jié)合實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)確定。首先計(jì)算或估計(jì)患者去脂體質(zhì)量, 120kV 時(shí)注射流率 去脂體質(zhì)量 ×37/ 對(duì)比劑濃度, 120kV 時(shí)流率為 100% ,每降低 10kV ,流率減少 10% 。注射持續(xù)時(shí)間
掃描持續(xù)時(shí)間 +t ,其中掃描持續(xù)時(shí)間
s且心率 gt;90 次 /min 時(shí), t=6 ;掃描持續(xù)時(shí)間 gt;1 s且心率≤70次 /min 或掃描持續(xù)時(shí)間 ?1 s、心率在 70~90 次 /min 時(shí), 1=7 ;掃描持續(xù)時(shí)間 gt;1 s且心率 gt;70 次 /min 或掃描持續(xù)時(shí)間≤1s、心率 ≤70 次 /min 時(shí), t=8 ;獲得注射流率和對(duì)比劑持續(xù)時(shí)間后,可計(jì)算對(duì)比劑總量。對(duì)照組對(duì)比劑注射方案根據(jù)自動(dòng)管電壓調(diào)制的管電壓結(jié)果設(shè)定, 70kV 流率為 4mL/s ,總量為 50mL ,每增加10kV ,流率增加 0.5mL/s ,總量增加 6mL 。
記錄容積CT劑量指數(shù)(volumeCTdosimetry index,CTDIvol)、劑量長(zhǎng)度乘積(doselength product,DLP)等參數(shù),參考胸部轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)(0.014)計(jì)算有效輻射劑量(effectivedose,ED)。將所有數(shù)據(jù)傳輸至Siemenssyngo.via工作站,進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量和主觀圖像質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)。
1.3 圖像評(píng)價(jià)
測(cè)量并記錄所有患者主動(dòng)脈根部、左主干(LM)前降支(LAD)近段、LAD中段、回旋支(CX)近段、右冠狀動(dòng)脈(RCA)近段、RCA中段的CT值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,如測(cè)量部位存在支架、彌漫鈣化或血管直徑 lt;1.5mm 則不進(jìn)行。
由2位分別有19、23年CCTA診斷經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)師雙盲下評(píng)價(jià)主觀圖像質(zhì)量,參考國(guó)際心血管CT學(xué)會(huì)(SCCT)對(duì)冠狀動(dòng)脈血管的18段分法差,僅對(duì)直徑 的節(jié)段進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)[7]。圖像質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)分為4級(jí)[8-9]:優(yōu)秀(4分),血管邊界清晰,無(wú)偽影, gt;90% 的節(jié)段能夠評(píng)估;良好(3分):血管邊界清晰,部分偽影, 80%lt;-90% 的節(jié)段能夠評(píng)估;中等(2分):血管邊界局部模糊,部分偽影, 70%lt;-80% 的節(jié)段能夠評(píng)估;差(1分):血管顯示不清,明顯偽影, lt;70% 的血管節(jié)段能夠評(píng)估。
采用《冠狀動(dòng)脈CT血管成像的適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及診斷報(bào)告書寫規(guī)范》10]要求,對(duì)CCTA的圖像質(zhì)量進(jìn)行客觀評(píng)價(jià):優(yōu)秀(4分),左主干和3支冠狀動(dòng)脈近中段管腔內(nèi)CT值 351~450HU ;良好(3分), 300~350HU :中等(2分), 200~299HU ;差(1分), lt;200HU 。主動(dòng)脈根部管腔內(nèi)的CT值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(SD值)可作為圖像噪聲, lt;20HU 為優(yōu)秀(4分) ,20~30HU 為良好(3分),31-40HU 為一般(2分), gt;40HU 為差(1分,圖像不能評(píng)估)。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
使用SPSS26.0軟件。定量資料以 表示。使用單因素方差分析2組年齡、心率差異,使用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)分析2組性別差異。2組數(shù)據(jù)主觀和客觀圖像質(zhì)量的差異行t檢驗(yàn)。以 Plt;0.05 為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.12組一般資料及輻射劑量比較(表1)
100例中,試驗(yàn)組48例,男21例,女27例;對(duì)照組52例,男19例,女33例。2組性別、年齡、BMI、心率比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均 Pgt;0.05 )。試驗(yàn)組44例 (91.7% )使用 70kV 掃描,4例( 8.3% )使用80kV 掃描。對(duì)照組46例( 88.5% )使用 70kV 掃描,6例 (11.5% 使用 80kV 掃描。2組管電流、DLP、ED差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均 Plt;0.05 )。
表12組一般資料及輻射劑量比較
注:CTDIvol為容積CT劑量指數(shù),DLP為劑量長(zhǎng)度乘積,ED為有效輻射劑量。
2.2 2組對(duì)比劑方案比較(表2)
2.32組圖像質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)(表3;圖1,2)
試驗(yàn)組對(duì)比劑劑量較對(duì)照組減少 63.31% ,流率降低 65.57% ,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均 Plt;0.01 )。
試驗(yàn)組主觀圖像評(píng)分為 (3.80±0.40) 分,對(duì)照組為 (3.90±0.30) 分,2組差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (Pgt;0.05) )。
表22組對(duì)比劑方案比較
表32組圖像測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)及客觀評(píng)分比較
注:LM為左主干,LAD為前降支,CX為回旋支,RCA為右冠狀動(dòng)脈。
試驗(yàn)組各測(cè)量血管的CT值均低于對(duì)照組,試驗(yàn)組各測(cè)量血管的噪聲水平均高于對(duì)照組(均 Plt; 0.05)。試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組各測(cè)量血管的SNR差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均 Pgt;0.05 )。2組主動(dòng)脈根部噪聲評(píng)分、冠狀動(dòng)脈血管平均CT值及其客觀評(píng)分差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均 Plt;0.001 )。2組主動(dòng)脈根部SNR客觀評(píng)分差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( P=0.209 )。相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),圖像質(zhì)量與對(duì)比劑方案無(wú)關(guān)。
3討論
管電壓選擇增多和低管電壓成像普及,為個(gè)性化CCTA對(duì)比劑注射方案設(shè)置提供更多可能[11-12]。Martin等[13]根據(jù)管電壓設(shè)置不同的碘流率,對(duì)比劑總量(碘濃度 370mgI/mL 從 70kV 時(shí)的 33mL (碘流率 0.7gl/s 到 130kV 時(shí)的 65mL (碘流率 1.7gI/s );管電壓定制注射方案可對(duì)行CCTA的患者行個(gè)體化掃描,在保持圖像質(zhì)量的同時(shí)顯著降低對(duì)比劑和輻射劑量。Onoda等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),使用 70kV 行經(jīng)導(dǎo)管主動(dòng)脈瓣置入術(shù)(transcatheteraorticvalve implantation,TAVI)術(shù)前評(píng)估既能保證圖像質(zhì)量,又能減少對(duì)比劑劑量。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),使用個(gè)性化對(duì)比劑注射方案后,整體血管強(qiáng)化水平有所降低,噪聲水平也相應(yīng)降低,圖像整體SNR未受到明顯影響。Jin等[15使用體表面積優(yōu)化對(duì)比劑注射方案,并在雙源CT上使用前瞻性心電觸發(fā)序列掃描模式,發(fā)現(xiàn)按體表面積計(jì)算對(duì)比劑劑量所得圖像較根據(jù)BMI獲得圖像的質(zhì)量更好。此外,本研究利用自動(dòng)管電流調(diào)制技術(shù), 90% 的患者采用 70kV 行CCTA檢查,平均ED為 1.41mSv 較以往研究[16-17]結(jié)果顯著減少。
2022年因碘對(duì)比劑短缺,很多放射科被迫選擇其他檢查模式[18]。本研究結(jié)果可在保證診斷結(jié)果的前提下盡可能減少對(duì)比劑用量。
目前尚無(wú)借助社交媒體工具進(jìn)行個(gè)性化對(duì)比劑注射方案設(shè)置的相關(guān)研究。使用社交媒體設(shè)置可更輕松、快捷地獲得個(gè)性化的對(duì)比劑注射方案,且可用性更好。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),CCTA對(duì)比劑個(gè)性化方案設(shè)置較單純通過(guò)管電壓設(shè)置的對(duì)比劑劑量減少 63.31% ,流率降低 65.57% 。可減少對(duì)比劑引起的不良反應(yīng),這對(duì)老年人或腎功能不全患者更有價(jià)值。另外,低注射流率可降低患者的不適,減輕護(hù)理工作,對(duì)留置針的要求也更低。
本研究存在的不足: ① 未進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn),可能存在選擇偏倚,導(dǎo)致統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果不準(zhǔn)確; ② 樣本量偏小,未對(duì)納入患者進(jìn)行篩選,可能存在統(tǒng)計(jì)偏差。 ③ 為單中心研究。今后將進(jìn)行多中心大樣本研究,以期獲得更準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果。
綜上所述,個(gè)性化CCTA對(duì)比劑注射方案設(shè)置可顯著減少對(duì)比劑總量降低流率,且不影響圖像質(zhì)量,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期 2024-07-18)
中國(guó)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合影像學(xué)雜志2025年4期