讀后續(xù)寫要求考生根據(jù)所給材料、所給段落首句撰寫有邏輯、情節(jié)和結(jié)構(gòu)完整的短文。在高考英語讀后續(xù)寫評分中，“與所給短文及段落開頭語的銜接程度”是評分的重要考量依據(jù)之一?？梢哉f，情節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)合理與否會極大地影響考生得分。

情節(jié)作為敘事性文本的要素之一，包括起因、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)尾。讀后續(xù)寫考題的原文本通常起到引入作用，介紹故事的起因及發(fā)展，而將高潮及結(jié)尾部分交由考生創(chuàng)作。但是，在日常讀后續(xù)寫訓(xùn)練中，考生往往難以抓住讀后續(xù)寫情節(jié)的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，常犯以下錯(cuò)誤：1. 續(xù)寫情節(jié)與原文脫鉤；2. 續(xù)寫內(nèi)容與所給首句融洽度不高；3. 主題升華牽強(qiáng)。實(shí)際上，若要創(chuàng)作出合乎邏輯、融洽度高、凸顯主題的續(xù)寫文本，可以從故事的矛盾入手架構(gòu)故事情節(jié)。之所以要從矛盾入手架構(gòu)情節(jié)，有以下兩點(diǎn)原因：

一是沖突的發(fā)生與解決往往能體現(xiàn)出文章的主題，使得所續(xù)文章與所給文本高度契合。以2021年1月浙江卷讀后續(xù)寫題為例。該試題中有兩個(gè)核心矛盾：①頭卡在南瓜里——如何獲救；②尷尬的生活瞬間——意料之外的網(wǎng)絡(luò)走紅。本文矛盾①的解決主要涉及到個(gè)人與家庭成員之間的互幫互助，而解決矛盾②可以先刻畫“我”的尷尬，再寫視頻走紅收獲贊許，由此自然過渡到收尾反思，講述“我”的釋懷，回歸對家庭趣事的感悟。

二是沖突的加劇可以增加故事的戲劇性，豐富內(nèi)容。先刻畫矛盾的加深，再描述矛盾的消解，可以豐富文章的故事性，使得文章有血有肉。例如，2021年1月浙江卷讀后續(xù)寫第一段續(xù)寫情節(jié)相對簡單，即“我”成功獲救。為豐富內(nèi)容，可以適當(dāng)加劇或創(chuàng)設(shè)矛盾，刻畫“我”的危險(xiǎn)境地，例如：As I struggled， the air inside grew oppressive， leaving me almost breathless and soaked with sweat. When another attempt to squeeze my head out of the pumpkin ended up in vain， panic crawled onto me instantly （當(dāng)我掙扎的時(shí)候，里面的空氣變得悶熱起來，讓我?guī)缀醮贿^氣來，渾身是汗。當(dāng)我又一次試圖把我的頭從南瓜里擠出來，但卻無濟(jì)于事時(shí)，恐慌瞬間彌漫了我的周身）.

以下將以一篇浙江省名校協(xié)作體的讀后續(xù)寫題為實(shí)例，闡述如何通過利用矛盾來架構(gòu)情節(jié)。原題如下：

For me， it was normal to feel lost at the inter-camp track. Four camps of kids were ready to lead their teams to a blue ribbon and win the day. Not me. I was too little to be the leader and too skinny to be an athlete. I knew this by the time I was twelve， because my camp counselors （輔導(dǎo)員） and the other kids reminded me of it every chance they got. So when our camp needed a fourth runner in the two-mile race around the lake， I knew I was no one’s first choice.

I hid in the shade of a maple tree as they called the names of the runners， my body tensed as I heard a counselor call， “Fred！ Where is Fred！ He is in this race！” It was Barry. He spotted me under the tree. “Fred！ We need a 12-year-old who hasn’t been in other events to run the two-mile！”

He gave me a push towards the starting line. Having no confidence and trying to save myself from the shame of taking the last place as four camps watched， I pleaded with him.

“But I don’t know the way around the lake！”

“You’re in. Just follow Bill！” Barry smiled.

Bill was my friend and the fastest runner in our camp. And then Barry said， “When you make it to the last stretch （最后一程） on the field， just throw your head back and run.”

At the starting line， I stood next to Bill and trembled.

“On your mark… Get set…” The gun cracked （槍響了） and sixteen of us took off. I stayed close on Bill’s heels， a little too close for Bill， I guess. He shouted at me， “Back off！”

I did. Two guys passed me， but I kept my eyes on Bill.

It was tiring. The distance was widening between Bill and me. We made the turn from the dusty road onto the muddy， wooded trail that would go around the lake back to the field. Through the trees， I saw Bill trip over a tree root and fall. A runner from another camp passed him.

Para 1. In a moment， Bill was up again and running.

Para 2. I didn’t know when I crossed the finish line.

一、尋找主要矛盾，確定主題

該篇續(xù)寫原文主要內(nèi)容為：環(huán)湖賽即將開始。盡管“我”毫無準(zhǔn)備，但輔導(dǎo)員Barry卻執(zhí)意讓“我”參加繞湖兩英里的比賽。比賽開始，“我”試圖緊跟著Bill，但還是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后。不幸的是，Bill摔倒了。從故事梗概中，可以看出所給的原文材料中的兩個(gè)矛盾：

1. “我”對賽事的抗拒，對自我的信心不足——但輔導(dǎo)員Barry執(zhí)意讓“我”參加

原文信息點(diǎn)（劃線部分）

For me， it was normal to feel lost at the inter-camp track.

Not me. I was too little to be the leader and too skinny to be an athlete.

I knew I was no one’s first choice.

I hid in the shade of a maple tree.

my body tensed （緊繃）

Having no confidence and trying to save myself from the shame of…

I pleaded （乞求） with him.

I stood next to Bill and trembled.

He gave me a push （推了我一把） towards the starting line.

“…just throw your head back and run.”

2. Bill作為最佳選手（the fastest runner in our camp，參見黑體部分） ——Bill摔倒被超越

而所給的首段開頭則提供了矛盾的發(fā)展與解決方向。續(xù)寫首段開頭為Bill帶傷跑步，第二段開頭則為“我”沖過終點(diǎn)。由此看，本文的戲劇沖突點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步演變?yōu)椋?/p>

1. Bill受傷——Bill堅(jiān)持完成比賽

2. “我”對賽事的抗拒——“我”堅(jiān)持比賽，沖過終點(diǎn)線

這兩組矛盾的落腳點(diǎn)都是自我內(nèi)部的一種沖突，是一種意志上的突破。由于解決矛盾與文本主題息息相關(guān)，續(xù)寫內(nèi)容的最終主題應(yīng)當(dāng)落在人與自我，即Bill堅(jiān)持不懈，帶傷進(jìn)行比賽的品質(zhì)對我產(chǎn)生了震撼，“我”從抗拒轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭艿焦膭?，從?nèi)心深處有了要完成比賽的意愿，突破了以往的怯弱，在自我意志上完成蛻變與成長。

二、刻畫矛盾，豐富內(nèi)容

在主要矛盾與主題清晰的情況下，解決矛盾的思路便一目了然。第一段的主要內(nèi)容為Bill帶傷跑步，“我”見此情景，大受震撼及鼓舞，隨后開始跟緊步伐全力沖刺。第二段的主要內(nèi)容為“我”抵達(dá)終點(diǎn)，輔導(dǎo)員及Bill等人對我祝賀，而我則感悟到堅(jiān)持的可貴。

但若是續(xù)寫只寫上述內(nèi)容，則文章過于單薄，不僅達(dá)不到評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對于高級語言表達(dá)的要求，甚至連最基本的150詞數(shù)的要求也無法達(dá)到。因此，在解決矛盾之前，可以適當(dāng)加劇矛盾，或者創(chuàng)設(shè)次矛盾。

第一段是矛盾與困境的集中處。本段中，加劇矛盾即增加人物的困境程度，使得文章更有戲劇效果，吸引眼球。Bill受的傷是他的困境，而“我”以往很少參與這類活動，盡管受到鼓舞，但身體上的不適難以避免，這也是導(dǎo)致第二段開頭“我”無意識沖線的重要銜接內(nèi)容。因此，本段中細(xì)化的內(nèi)容可以包括以下兩點(diǎn)：1. Bill’s worsening condition; 2. The difficulty I encountered. 針對這兩點(diǎn)，以下表達(dá)可用于本文：

1. blood drip （dripped） down from 血從……滴下來

2. sb’s pale face 蒼白的臉龐

3. be soaked with sweat/ beads of sweat blur （blurred） the vision被汗水浸透/ 模糊了視線

4. get a stitch in the side肋部痛

5. Breath begins to wheeze/ puff and pant/ be breathless/ breath burns in sb’s lungs喘息/ 呼吸困難/肺部灼燒

6. The scorching sun baked my face 炙熱的太陽烘烤著我的臉

三、解決矛盾，引出主題

在加劇了第一段人物的困境后，內(nèi)容更具豐富性。但創(chuàng)設(shè)矛盾的同時(shí)，也要解決矛盾，刻畫人物的反應(yīng)。矛盾的解決可以體現(xiàn)出文章的主題，由于本文主要講述在逆境中堅(jiān)持以突破自我，因此在情節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)上，Bill和“我”都有不顧身體的不適而全力沖擊的戲份，而“我”同時(shí)又有受到Bill精神鼓勵或者輔導(dǎo)員Barry言語激勵的戲份?？捎玫谋磉_(dá)如下：

1. accelerate/ speed up/ pick up speed 加速

2. dash forward at full speed/ in lighting speed/ like a speeding train 全速向前沖/以閃電般的速度向前沖/ 像正在加速的火車般向前沖

3. grit （gritted） one’s teeth 咬緊牙關(guān)

4. with all one’s might 拼盡全力

5. spare no effort to do sth. 不遺余力地做……

6. an extra burst of energy 額外的能量

7. determination 決心/ persistence 堅(jiān)持/ perseverance 堅(jiān)持

8. determined 有決心的/ persistent 堅(jiān)持的/ perseverant 堅(jiān)持的

9. inspire 啟發(fā)/ encourage 鼓舞

10. Words of encouragement echoed in my mind. 鼓舞的話語回蕩在我的腦海。

由于情節(jié)的創(chuàng)作是基于“動作—反應(yīng)”這一基本原則，此時(shí)可將矛盾的刻畫與解決緊密結(jié)合在一起。例如以下兩句例句：

[例1] Blood dripping down from his legs， Bill was already soaked with sweat， but he kept accelerating to overtake his opponents （鮮血從他的腿上滴下來，比爾已經(jīng)汗流浹背，但他仍在加速追趕對手）.

[例2] His persistence deeply inspired me and gave me an extra burst of energy. Though my breath began to wheeze， I gritted my teeth， pushed on and made the final charge with all my might the minute I saw the finish line （他的堅(jiān)持深深地激勵了我，給了我額外的能量。盡管我開始喘不過氣來，但我還是咬緊牙關(guān)，繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，在看到終點(diǎn)線的那一刻，竭盡全力完成了最后的沖刺）.

在續(xù)寫的第二段，當(dāng)“我”沖過終點(diǎn)線后，眾人對我鼓勵，盡管身體因?yàn)檫^分強(qiáng)撐而疼痛，但“我”內(nèi)心卻是喜悅而充實(shí)的。本段是主要矛盾解決后的收尾環(huán)節(jié)，主要刻畫人物的反思并點(diǎn)出主題。本段的主體內(nèi)容為眾人的鼓勵及“我”的喜悅，可用如下表達(dá)：

1. applaud/ clap （clapped） 鼓掌

2. a big round of applause 一陣掌聲

3. pat （patted） sb. on the shoulder 拍拍肩膀

4. a buzz of excitement 興奮的叫嚷聲

5. hug （hugged） me warmly/give me a warm hug 熱情地?fù)肀?/p>

6. grin （grinned） 咧嘴笑

7. congratulate sb. on sth. 就某事恭喜某人

8. be overwhelmed with delight/ be wild with joy 喜不自禁

9. sigh in relief 如釋重負(fù)地舒了一口氣

10. burst out clapping and cheering 爆發(fā)出掌聲和歡呼

為豐富內(nèi)容，也可適當(dāng)刻畫賽后身體的疲態(tài)，與他人的贊許/內(nèi)心的喜悅形成一種對比，構(gòu)成隱性的矛盾，例如以下例句：

[例3] Exhausted， I stopped and bent over to catch my breath. Beads of sweat blurred my vision， but I could see a figure running towards me， waving and shouting in excitement （我筋疲力盡，停下來彎下腰喘口氣。汗珠模糊了我的視線，但我可以看到一個(gè)身影向我跑來，興奮地?fù)]手吶喊）.

[例4] It was when I heard the crowd burst into clapping and cheering that I realized I had made it. Despite the stitch in the side， a proud smile climbed on my face， with a sense of delight and satisfaction （當(dāng)我聽到人群爆發(fā)出掌聲和歡呼聲時(shí)，我意識到我成功了。盡管肋部很痛，但我臉上還是掛著驕傲的笑容，充滿了喜悅和滿足）.

[例5] Puffing and panting， I collapsed onto the ground， with a sense of relief sweeping over me. Then came Barry， patting my shoulder to congratulate me on this unbelievable victory （我氣喘吁吁地倒在地上，感到如釋重負(fù)。Barry隨后來了，拍著我的肩膀祝賀我取得了這場難以置信的勝利）.

最后，主要矛盾已解決，故事情節(jié)已經(jīng)基本完備，添加合適的結(jié)尾用于點(diǎn)出主題，例如：

[例6] As long as we persevere and push forward， we can finally succeed/ make it/ reach our goals （只要我們堅(jiān)持、向前邁進(jìn)，我們最終會成功）.

[例7] It occurred to/struck/hit me that persistence would make a tremendous difference to the final success.

以下是本篇續(xù)寫試題的參考范文：

In a moment， Bill was up again and running. Blood dripping down from his leg， he staggered forward in agony （Bill受傷，鮮血直流，感到痛苦。此處增加了困境，加劇了矛盾的對比沖突，更有戲劇效果）. Despite this， he gritted his teeth and started accelerating shortly afterwards to overtake runners ahead of him （Bill對困境的解決方式是咬緊牙關(guān)繼續(xù)加速，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)了他在困境中的堅(jiān)持，為本文的主題做鋪墊）. His persistence and determination were such an inspiration to me that I spared no effort to dash forward （“我”起初對賽事沒有興趣，但此刻受到鼓舞，開始盡全力沖刺，矛盾進(jìn)入解決階段）. When the finishing line came into view， I had already been soaked with sweat and my breath wheezed （“我”體力不支，被汗水浸濕，呼吸急促。此處再度強(qiáng)調(diào)了困境，增加了戲劇性）. However， Barry’s words of encouragement echoed in my mind and gave me an extra burst of energy. Though puffing and panting， I didn’t stop and made my final charge for the finish （身體不適，但仍舊堅(jiān)持沖刺，既銜接了下文，又突出主題）.

I didn’t know when I crossed the finish line. All I remembered was a buzz of excitement and a big round of applause. It was unbelievable that I ranked the sixth， which was much better than expected （“我”名列第六，遠(yuǎn)比預(yù)計(jì)的要好，并收獲贊許。此處矛盾解決，“我”從比賽中收獲頗豐強(qiáng)調(diào)了堅(jiān)持會有好結(jié)果，鋪墊主題）. Though my whole body ached and my breath burned in the lungs， I was overwhelmed with delight. So was Bill， who rushed over to give me a big hug. Then came Barry. He wore an expression of amazement， patted me on the shoulder and grinned， “You made it！ How incredible！” （內(nèi)心的喜悅、隊(duì)友和輔導(dǎo)員的贊許，劇情進(jìn)入收尾階段，情節(jié)不再有大起大落，而是進(jìn)入平衡期） That day， I came to realize the secret to success lay in perseverance （由一件小事而引發(fā)思考，有了前文矛盾的解決以及相關(guān)鋪墊，感悟順理成章，為文章再添感情色彩）.

【作者簡介：中學(xué)二級教師，在《廣東教育》《教學(xué)考試》等雜志發(fā)表過多篇文章，曾多次指導(dǎo)學(xué)生獲得外研社杯全國一等獎、二十一世紀(jì)英語演講比賽全國二等獎】

責(zé)任編輯 吳昊雷