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        急性胰腺炎合并2型糖尿病患者臨床特征及其發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎的危險因素

        2023-12-29 00:00:00陳蕾
        中國醫(yī)學創(chuàng)新 2023年19期

        【摘要】 目的:探討急性胰腺炎(AP)合并2型糖尿病患者臨床特征及其發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎的危險因素。方法:回顧性選擇2021年1月—2022年12月靖江市人民醫(yī)院消化內科收治的急性胰腺炎合并2型糖尿病患者100例作為研究組,單純急性胰腺炎患者40例作為對照組,記錄統(tǒng)計兩組臨床特征資料,包括年齡、性別、體重指數(shù)(BMI)、癥狀、是否合并高脂血癥、是否合并脂肪肝及是否合并膽結石。根據(jù)患者是否發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎將急性胰腺炎合并2型糖尿病患者分為重癥組及非重癥組,統(tǒng)計比較兩組患者年齡、性別、糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、總膽固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、降鈣素原(PCT)、C反應蛋白(CRP)、白蛋白(ALB)、血鈣(Ca)、血淀粉酶(AMY)、中性粒細胞與淋巴細胞比率(NLR)及血小板與淋巴細胞比值(PLR),多因素logistic回歸分析對發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎的危險因素進行分析。結果:研究組年齡小于對照組,BMI高于對照組,合并高脂血癥、脂肪肝比例高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(Plt;0.05)。兩組性別、腹痛、惡心嘔吐、合并膽結石率差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(Pgt;0.05)。AP合并2型糖尿病患者中21例發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎。重癥組HbA1c、PCT、CRPgt;200 mg/L患者比例、NLR及PLR均高于非重癥組,而ALB及Ca低于非重癥組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(Plt;0.05)。兩組年齡、性別、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、AMY差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(Pgt;0.05)。多因素logistic回歸分析表明,HbA1c、NLR及PLR為AP合并2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎的危險因素(Plt;0.05)。結論:合并2型糖尿病的AP患者年齡較小,體型較胖,易并發(fā)高脂血癥、脂肪肝;高HbA1c、NLR及PLR易致重癥胰腺炎的發(fā)生,臨床應早期識別干預。

        【關鍵詞】 急性胰腺炎 2型糖尿病 中性粒細胞與淋巴細胞比率 血小板與淋巴細胞比值 糖化血紅蛋白 臨床特征 危險因素

        Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Severe Pancreatitis in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis Complicated with Type 2 Diabetes/CHEN Lei. //Medical Innovation of China, 2023, 20(19): -164

        [Abstract] Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of acute pancreatitis (AP) patients with type 2 diabetes and the risk factors for severe pancreatitis. Method: A total of 100 patients with acute pancreatitis combined with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of Jingjiang People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study group, and 40 patients with simple acute pancreatitis were selected as the control group. The clinical characteristics of the patients in the two groups were recorded and counted, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), symptoms, whether combined with hyperlipidemia, fatty liver and gallstones. The patients with acute pancreatitis complicated with type 2 diabetes were divided into severe group and non-severe group according to whether they had severe pancreatitis. The age, gender, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), procalcitonin (PCT), C reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), blood calcium (Ca), blood amylase (AMY), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for severe pancreatitis. Result: The age of the study group was less than that of the control group, and the BMI was higher than that of the control group, the proportions of patients with hyperlipidemia and fatty liver were higher than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (Plt;0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and the rate of gallstones (Pgt;0.05). Severe pancreatitis occurred in 21 cases of AP patients with type 2 diabetes. The HbA1c, PCT, proportion of CRPgt;200 mg/L

        patients, NLR, and PLR in the severe group were higher than those in the non-severe group, while ALB and Ca were lower than those in the non-severe group, the differences were statistically significant (Plt;0.05). There were no significant differences in age, gender, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and AMY between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c, NLR and PLR were risk factors for severe pancreatitis in AP patients with type 2 diabetes (Plt;0.05). Conclusion: AP patients with type 2 diabetes are younger, fatter, and prone to hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. High HbA1c, NLR, and PLR are prone to severe pancreatitis, and early identification and intervention should be recommended in clinical practice.

        [Key words] Acute pancreatitis Type 2 diabetes Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio Platelet to lymphocyte ratio Glycosylated hemoglobin Clinical characteristics Risk factors

        First-author's address: Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Jingjiang 214500, China

        doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2023.19.036

        急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是多種原因引起的臨床常見急腹癥,發(fā)病率為(50~80)/(10萬)人[1]。AP是一種動態(tài)發(fā)展疾病,其自然發(fā)展過程不可預測,12%~20%的AP患者可發(fā)展為重癥胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP),其死亡率高達15%~30%[1-2]。2型糖尿病患者尤其長期血糖控制不佳者存在糖脂代謝紊亂,長期炎癥狀態(tài)易引起AP的發(fā)生[3];而AP可引起胰島細胞損傷,導致血糖調節(jié)相關激素分泌異常,使血糖升高,糖尿病與AP互為因果,促進病情進展[4]。急性胰腺炎合并2型糖尿病患者可能病情更重,應給予高度重視。本文就急性胰腺炎合并2型糖尿病患者臨床特征進行分析,并就其發(fā)展為SAP的危險因素進行研究,以期為疾病的早期識別及治療提供依據(jù)。

        1 資料與方法

        1.1 一般資料

        回顧性選擇2021年1月—2022年12月靖江市人民醫(yī)院消化內科收治的急性胰腺炎合并2型糖尿病患者100例作為研究組,單純急性胰腺炎患者40例作為對照組。納入標準:(1)均符合文獻[5]中AP診斷標準;(2)研究組患者符合文獻[6]中2型糖尿病診斷標準;(3)臨床資料完整。排除標準:(1)慢性胰腺炎;(2)對照組患者合并糖尿病;(3)惡性腫瘤;(4)合并其他臟器嚴重疾?。唬?)孕婦。本研究經本院醫(yī)學倫理委員會批準。

        1.2 方法

        (1)記錄統(tǒng)計兩組臨床特征資料,包括年齡、性別、體重指數(shù)(BMI)、癥狀(腹痛、惡心嘔吐)、是否合并高脂血癥、是否合并脂肪肝及是否合并膽結石。(2)根據(jù)患者是否發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎將急性胰腺炎合并2型糖尿病患者分為重癥組及非重癥組,收集統(tǒng)計兩組年齡、性別、糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、總膽固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、降鈣素原(PCT)、C反應蛋白(CRP)、白蛋白(ALB)、血鈣(Ca)、血淀粉酶(AMY)、中性粒細胞與淋巴細胞比率(NLR)及血小板與淋巴細胞比值(PLR)。

        1.3 統(tǒng)計學處理

        所得數(shù)據(jù)采用統(tǒng)計學軟件SPSS 26.0進行統(tǒng)計處理,單因素分析中符合正態(tài)分布計量資料用(x±s)表示,t檢驗進行比較,不符合正態(tài)分布計量資料用M(P25,P75)表示,比較用Mann-Whitney U檢驗;計數(shù)資料用率(%)表示,比較用字2檢驗或Fisher確切概率法。采用多因素logistic回歸分析對發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎的危險因素進行分析。Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

        2 結果

        2.1 研究組與對照組臨床特征比較

        研究組年齡小于對照組,BMI高于對照組,合并高脂血癥、脂肪肝比例高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(Plt;0.05)。兩組性別、腹痛、惡心嘔吐、合并膽結石率差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(Pgt;0.05)。見表1。

        2.2 AP合并2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎的單因素分析

        AP合并2型糖尿病患者中21例(21.00%)發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎。重癥組HbA1c、PCT、CRPgt;200 mg/L患者比例、NLR及PLR均高于非重癥組,而ALB及Ca低于非重癥組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(Plt;0.05)。兩組年齡、性別、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、AMY差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(Pgt;0.05)。見表2。

        2.3 AP合并2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎的多因素分析

        多因素logistic回歸分析表明,HbA1c、NLR及PLR為AP合并2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生重癥胰腺炎的危險因素(Plt;0.05),見表3。

        3 討論

        隨著生活水平提高及飲食結構改變,急性胰腺炎及2型糖尿病在過去10年中呈逐漸增長趨勢[7-8]。AP多數(shù)為輕度自限性疾病,但長期存在易并發(fā)內分泌功能障礙,一項薈萃分析顯示約15%的AP患者在1年時并發(fā)糖尿病,5年時并發(fā)糖尿病的比例越來越高[9];另有研究表明,2型糖尿病患者較非糖尿病患者發(fā)生AP的風險增加2倍以上[10-11]。急性胰腺炎合并2型糖尿病患者臨床并不少見,本研究以此類患者為研究對象,發(fā)現(xiàn)其與單純AP患者在性別及癥狀方面并無明顯差異,但患病年齡更低,BMI更高,且更多合并高脂血癥及脂肪肝,分析原因可能與糖尿病患者易出現(xiàn)脂質代謝紊亂相關,與以往文獻[12]研究結果一致,因此應加強此類患者的血脂管理。

        有研究表明,糖尿病既是SAP的風險因素,也是SAP的獨立預測因素[12],本研究中AP合并2型糖尿病患者重癥胰腺炎發(fā)生率為21.00%。本研究中重癥組HbA1c水平顯著高于非重癥組,其是SAP發(fā)生的較強危險因素,AP合并2型糖尿病患者應嚴格控制血糖水平,減少SAP的發(fā)生。PCT和CRP是兩種重要的炎癥細胞因子,參與細胞凋亡并能夠引起細胞裂解,當炎癥刺激或感染時,可導致CRP水平急劇升高,CRPgt;200 mg/L常提示嚴重感染的存在[13-14],本研究中重癥組具有較高水平PCT及CRPgt;200 mg/L患者比例,但多因素分析表明其并非SAP發(fā)生的危險因素。ALB反映機體營養(yǎng)及肝臟代謝狀況,當機體處于炎癥、慢性消耗性疾病時其水平下降,以往研究提示,ALB與AP嚴重程度及預后相關,但預測價值并不高[15];本研究中重癥組ALB水平更低,但并非SAP發(fā)生的危險因素。血鈣是評價AP嚴重程度的指標之一,本研究中重癥組血鈣低于非重癥組,亦有研究顯示,SAP較輕癥患者更易出現(xiàn)低鈣血癥[12],本研究雖未發(fā)現(xiàn)血鈣是SAP發(fā)生的獨立影響因素,但對于血鈣偏低的AP合并糖尿病患者亦應多加警惕。NLR是評價危重患者炎癥及應激狀況的重要指標,而PLR亦是重要的炎癥標志物,上述兩種指標簡單易得,是近年來應用較多的炎癥評價指標,但NLR、PLR和AP之間的關系相關研究較少[16-17]。NLR升高與SAP和器官衰竭相關顯著相關[18-20]。本研究中重癥組具有更高的NLR、PLR值,且二者均是SAP發(fā)生的危險因素,因此對于入院NLR、PLR較高的患者,應加強檢測,及時干預治療。

        綜上所述,合并2型糖尿病的AP患者年齡較小,體型較胖,易并發(fā)高脂血癥、脂肪肝;高HbA1c、NLR及PLR易致重癥胰腺炎的發(fā)生,臨床應早期識別干預。

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        (收稿日期:2023-05-05) (本文編輯:何玉勤)

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