Lab D+H 首爾工作室

“時間漫步”共享花園位于韓國首爾明洞區(qū)的一處酒店中。為了重振明洞的聲譽(yù)與活力，該酒店計劃在1、4、7層建造大型景觀花園，并將“明洞的名片”——“邊走邊享受的城市”融入其中。景觀總體表達(dá)了“步入綠意”（WALK-IN-GREEN）的概念，它代表著人們漫步在層層共享花園中的愜意和在市中心感受四季變遷之美的怡然自得。蜿蜒曲折的木平臺、長滿野花的草地，是7層景觀主題“草原穿行”（Walk through Meadow）的代名詞。在首爾遠(yuǎn)方天際線的映照下，到處都充滿著自然的氣息。4層的花園夾在摩天大廈間卻依舊綠意盎然，游人仿佛“走進(jìn)露臺”（Walk into Terrace），難得能尋覓到踱步和冥想的好去處，作為連接著頂層花園和底層花園的中間層，自然成為休息、停留的空間。1層的“街道漫步”（Walk along Street）花園與穿過明洞商業(yè)街的東西向街道相接，將成為一個與城市產(chǎn)生互動、充滿活力的空間——街邊經(jīng)營著餐飲商店，布置著各類藝術(shù)裝置，還會時不時地舉辦多種多樣的活動。

1 項目啟動：與客戶一起設(shè)計，創(chuàng)造綠意

1 總體軸測圖Overall axonometric view

2 “步行”連續(xù)體驗(yàn)概念剖面圖Conceptual section diagram for continuous experience of “WALK”

“酒店內(nèi)的住戶暫未確定，但這不會影響到建筑塔樓的設(shè)計。設(shè)計可以盡可能地發(fā)揮，簡單來說，就是‘靈活地設(shè)計’。不知道這能否表達(dá)我們的預(yù)期？”設(shè)計競賽邀請中設(shè)置的條件可謂是既明確又模糊。當(dāng)時受到新冠病毒疫情的影響，明洞的經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入蕭條，困難重重，客戶也無法預(yù)測未來的住戶，確保項目的發(fā)展。方案勝出后的第一次項目會議上，客戶突然提出了“絕對的綠色”（overwhelming green）的想法。他們希望方案中強(qiáng)化綠色這一概念，利用1、4、7層建造屋頂花園，突出項目特色。對于一名風(fēng)景園林師而言，這當(dāng)然是一個絕佳的建議。但根據(jù)以往接手“建筑景觀”的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看，這類項目總會面臨施工后維護(hù)和管理的問題。一些有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的客戶會在一開始就提出簡化景觀中的種植部分，尤其是不要需要精細(xì)維護(hù)的花園。會議中設(shè)計團(tuán)隊就以上問題和客戶進(jìn)行了多次溝通，提出了表現(xiàn)綠色的折中方案。然而，客戶還是堅持想要一個綠色主導(dǎo)的形象，承諾為實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計目標(biāo)盡最大努力，包括對現(xiàn)有的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行審查。基于長久發(fā)展的愿景，一個涵蓋多種活動的共享花園開始逐步成型，替代了傳統(tǒng)意義上的觀賞植物展示園。若是客戶、設(shè)計師和經(jīng)營者間能達(dá)成和諧一致，似乎可以期待一種新的景觀文化從中孕育而生。

2 總體規(guī)劃：步入綠意

明洞地區(qū)是散步和購物的好去處。“漫步”反映了明洞空間體驗(yàn)的基本特征，也是游人通往酒店7層花園的過程。正是步行的體驗(yàn)，將1、4、7層原本不連續(xù)的花園組織在一起，成為一個共享花園。這里既不是私家花園，也不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的公共花園，而是一個游人可以在市中心內(nèi)休憩和享受的空間，可以經(jīng)常舉辦各類活動的放松之所。畢竟，這個空間的本質(zhì)就是在花園中漫步的體驗(yàn)。

設(shè)計團(tuán)隊將“步入綠意”作為該項目的總概念，并逐步添加細(xì)節(jié)，依據(jù)每層樓的特點(diǎn)，提出了3個主題短語，用來描述不同的步行體驗(yàn)。7層花園的土壤深度不足，無法種植灌木，但設(shè)計師們巧妙地在上面鋪了一大片供人們穿行的草地。待游人一出電梯，映入眼簾的便是寬闊的草坪風(fēng)景，為共享花園增添了更多吸引力。除了在花架中稍作停留欣賞植物外，游人還能陶醉于遠(yuǎn)方的南山（Namsan Mountain）美景之中。4層的景觀空間是一個露臺，可供3～6層的辦公人員小憩片刻。為了營造一種仿佛穿過一系列橋梁才能找到露臺的體驗(yàn)，我們設(shè)置了幾條連續(xù)的花園小徑。1層的主題是漫步街道，花園中的步石小徑沿3個主題花園和1層自助餐廳前的咖啡街延伸，這處街景連通了酒店前、后的南大門路和明洞3街。

3 種植設(shè)計：季節(jié)性混合種植，融于綠意

提升超高層城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的活力是該項目的首要任務(wù)，土壤深度不足、排水條件差、生態(tài)連接支撐困難，是項目面臨的問題。設(shè)計團(tuán)隊嘗試對耐貧瘠的植物材料進(jìn)行排列組合種植，以最大限度地提升種植效果。應(yīng)該根據(jù)光照條件安排適宜的植物配置和排水系統(tǒng)。在實(shí)地考察中直觀地識別出場地的對角線，可作為后續(xù)設(shè)計的參考線。午后至下午五六點(diǎn)的日落時分，酒店高樓的陰影會投射在7層30 m2的景觀空間里，形成一條清晰的明暗分界線。按照全日照—半陰—幾乎全陰（對角線附近）的光照條件順序，自然地將植物種類進(jìn)行了分類。屋頂花園的流線原本是無方向的循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)，但陽光起到了方向舵的作用，為植物配置提供了參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，草坪和花園也就順理成章地設(shè)定在了向陽的一側(cè)。結(jié)合植物的生長習(xí)性將植物材料分為2～3個種植組后，依次種植隨機(jī)混合的種植組。經(jīng)過精心的組合，種植在淺層土壤中的暗色調(diào)植物集中在一處，避免了植物群落的體量感和節(jié)奏感變得沉悶。設(shè)計師們想要用植物在屋頂花園中塑造出四季景象，而不只是單一地營造某個季節(jié)的景觀。碎石排水渠穿過匯水區(qū)呈帶狀分布，它們就像峽谷一般，能在暴雨期間幫助疏導(dǎo)花園內(nèi)的積水。

4 細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計：看不見的邊緣，藏于綠意

在人工地面實(shí)施種植面臨著兩難的困境。因?yàn)槲覀兿Ｍ軌蝮w現(xiàn)郁郁蔥蔥的自然種植，但又無法完全避免人工美。特別是，直線形的種植池在保證土壤層和排水層方面是不可或缺的。以7層的花園為例，經(jīng)過了多次調(diào)整，最終確定了最佳種植池高度。為了弱化種植池的視覺沖擊，突出植物的自然效果，設(shè)計師們創(chuàng)造了最佳的植被高度和線條組合，兼顧造型感和觀賞性。

第一條原則是膝蓋高度以下的設(shè)計。低矮的配植看起來更加舒適，給予游人的壓力將會大大減小。即便場地某處需要種植高大喬木，設(shè)計師們也將種植池處理成雙層的，這樣一來，即便喬木的種植池很高，游人也能看到較矮的下層植物。水平方向過長的種植池在立面上看起來稍顯單調(diào)，因此在適當(dāng)?shù)墓?jié)點(diǎn)斷開。我們還在不同層的種植池之間設(shè)置了種植間隙，通過讓其中一層種植池的一端向前延伸并隱入地面。

3 圓點(diǎn)凳連接雙層弧形種植池邊緣Merging circular 2-story planter with seating

4 綠色會議室Green conference room

第二條原則是弱化景觀設(shè)施的體量感，用深色或低飽和度的顏色裝飾它們，以營造一種景深感。黑色不銹鋼材質(zhì)的種植池和深灰色的火山巖覆土，是植物良好的背景板，使植物更栩栩如生，傳達(dá)著植物與環(huán)境間的和諧之美。為了盡量豐富花園的體驗(yàn)感，保持和諧的氛圍，座椅的存在感也需要降低。一些名為“圓點(diǎn)凳”（Dot Stool）的圓形單人坐凳替代了常規(guī)的長凳，被懸空設(shè)置在種植池的邊界上，它們能更好地隱藏于植物之中。7層的“活動館”和4層的“綠色會議室”也有自然的肌理，積極地表達(dá)了親近植物、擁抱自然的觀念。

5 共享花園項目運(yùn)營：多樣的生活方式，叩叩

共享花園經(jīng)營者的本意就是利用城市中心的閑置空間，讓市民體驗(yàn)花園文化。共享花園不是個人所有的，而是屬于大家的。在這里，游人不僅能觀賞花園，還能體驗(yàn)園藝和瑜伽等課程，共享花園文化。這里類似于韓國的“內(nèi)院”（Madang），向大眾開放，用于舉行各種儀式、活動，上演著人生的悲歡離合。運(yùn)營團(tuán)隊希望每一個來這里的人都帶著歡樂回去，就像在內(nèi)院和鄰居們玩一般。

可達(dá)性高是共享花園的優(yōu)勢，游人能夠沉浸式地體驗(yàn)自然。當(dāng)場所和瑜伽、園藝等內(nèi)容結(jié)合在一起時，將會產(chǎn)生巨大的協(xié)同作用。未來，作為一種私密的戶外空間，共享花園將受到越來越多的關(guān)注。正如運(yùn)營公司名稱“叩叩”（Nocknock）的內(nèi)涵，運(yùn)營者們希望將共享花園打造成一個可以讓游人隨時造訪、探尋自然的固定場所。

（編輯 / 王一蘭）

項目地點(diǎn)：韓國首爾

項目面積：2 802 m2

建成年份：2021年

事務(wù)所名稱（景觀/建筑）：Lab D+H 首爾工作室

主創(chuàng)設(shè)計師：崔榮埈（首爾大學(xué)風(fēng)景園林系助理教授）

設(shè)計團(tuán)隊：崔榮埈、崔炳吉、趙在衍、趙祥恩、金多情、金鎮(zhèn)煥、金叡珍

客戶/開發(fā)商：艾格斯資產(chǎn)管理公司

合作方：Androses/叩叩（共享花園運(yùn)營維護(hù)）

圖片來源：圖1、2 ? Lab D+H 首爾工作室；圖3～12 ?余清歐

翻譯：丁瑤

校對：吳丹子

5 季節(jié)性草本植物花園橋廊Garden bridged promenade with seasonal grasses

6 7層“花園植物市集”A “garden plants market day” at 7F

7 眺望首爾的地標(biāo)南山塔Looking into Namsan tower, the landmark of the Seoul

The first, fourth, and seventh floors of landscape gardens were given to the hotel tower’s major renovation project to revive the reputation and vitality of Myeong-dong, which was the landmark place for shopping and tourism in Seoul.Bringing Myeong-dong’ s unique experiential identity of “An urban area to enjoy while walking”into play in various ways to the landscape space on each floor, we propose a concept, “WALK-INGREEN”, walking through green nature in the middle of city.Walking through the shared gardens on each floor, open to all visitors, visitors can discover the beauty of vegetation that changes by season and the atmosphere of relaxation in a rest area with various settings.The 7th floor is the concept of “Walk through Meadow”, where you can enjoy the experience of nature and the skyline of Seoul at the same time by traversing along the meandering deck path through a wide planting area with meadows of wildflowers and grass.The fourth floor of the “Walk into Terrace” concept is surrounded by green in the middle of a building forest, providing a space of walking and contemplating, and is a space of staying and slowness utilizing the identity of the middle floor connecting the upper and lower garden floors.The first floor of the “Walk along Street”, where the East-West street passes through Myeongdong Street and meets the garden, will become a vibrant space that communicates with the city along with F&B stores, Art installation and various events.

8 蜿蜒的小徑Meandering pathways

1 Project Initiation: Design with client, WORK-on-GREEN

“ The occupants/tenants have not been decided exactly, and it has nothing to do with the tower part of the hotel, so please design it as flexibly as possible.Simply put, ‘flexibly-designed’, you know what we mean to do?” The conditions given in the invited design competition were both clear and vague at the same time.At that time, Myeong-dong was experiencing a recession and great difficulties due to the corona crisis, so it was impossible to predict the future of the building tenants and the project.After being selected as the final design in the invited design competition, at the first meeting,the decision maker suddenly requested the concept of “overwhelming green”.Green was emphasized in order to take advantage of the continuous rooftop garden that leads to the 1st, 4th and 7th floors and to reinforce the identity of this project.As a landscape architect, it was a welcoming proposal, but whenever I worked on a similar“ building landscaping”, I had experience with maintenance and management problems after construction.Experienced building owners had requested a simplified landscaping from the very beginning, excluding high-management garden planting.During the meeting, our team communicated these concerns and suggested a compromise to properly express green.However,the client wanted an image dominated by green,and promised the utmost effort, including a structural review for realization.The client was also considering a plan to operate a shared garden based on various contents, rather than ending with an ornamental planting display.If there was a balanced effort of the client, designer, and operator, it seemed that a new landscape culture result could be expected.

2 Overall Concept: WALK-in-GREEN

9 深色種植池邊緣和覆土材料Dark colored planter edge and mulching material

“Walking” was the concept that could bring visitors up to the 7th floor and reflect the essential characteristics of the spatial experience of“Myeong-dong”.Myeong-dong is all about walking and shopping.It was the experience of walking that could unite the discontinuous gardens on the 1st,4th and 7th floors.A public garden is neither a private garden nor a complete public garden.It is a space where you can take a break in the city center to enjoy the garden and participate in programs from time to time.After all, the essence of this space is the experience of walking in the garden.

We took the “walk in green” as a large stem and set the details.Three thematic phrases specified according to the characteristics of each floor describe the experience of each walking.The 7th floor has a depth of soil that is insufficient to plant even shrubs, but it is intended to spread a rich and wide grassland and walk across it.As soon as you get off the elevator, the view of the grassland you see invites visitors to the garden, you can stop for a while at some shelters to interact with plants, and you can see the Vista view of Namsan Mountain in one direction.The 4th floor was created as a terrace where office workers on the 3rd to 6th floors, where the business office will be located, can take a break while working.With the concept of an experience as if crossing a series of bridges to find a terrace, several consecutive garden trails were placed.The concept of the first floor is Walk along the street, which means a streetscape as a new passage connecting Namdaemun-ro, the front road, and Myeong-dong 3-ro, in the back.We proposed a stepping stone garden path along the three themes gardens and a cafe street in front of the cafeteria on the first floor.

3 Planting Concept: Seasonal mixed planting, Mix-in-Green

10 室內(nèi)公共區(qū)域的反射天花板Interior common area with reflective ceiling

11 叩叩平臺組織的“草裙舞課程日”A “Hula dance class day” organized by Nocknock

The project was started by laying the foundation for vitality in the ultra-high-level urban ecosystem where the soil depth is scarcely secured,poor drainage conditions and support for ecological connection are difficult.We tried to maximize the planting effect by arranging and combining plant materials that can grow on a weak planting base.A principle was needed to help promote planting arrangement and drainage suitable for sunlight.The diagonal, which was intuitively identified during the site visit, became the centerline of all considerations.The shadow cast by the high-rise hotel tower among the forests of buildings draws an oblique line in the 30 m2space on the 7th floor after lunch.Until sunset around 5-6 pm, the bright and dark areas were clearly divided.The order of the amount of sunlight from sun to semi-shade and generally shade along a diagonal line helped group planting species naturally.It has become a rudder that gives a clear planting material order on the pedestrian flow structure that circulates without direction, and sets the address of the lawn yard and flower garden, which had been drifting without being able to choose a location, toward the sunny side.Planting groups satisfying each microclimatic condition were divided into 2 or 3 auxiliary groups.The auxiliary groups were placed to randomly shuffle in a linear order.It is carefully combined so that the low-key plants that will grow in shallow soil are concentrated in one spot, so that the volume does not become dull or the rhythm of the sense of volume is not offset.We tried to produce the four seasons so that the effects that stand out in one season are not concentrated.Several strips running through the catchment are gravel drainage channels, which act as gorges and help to facilitate drainage during heavy rains.

4 Detail Concept: Invisible Edges,Hidden-in-Green

There is an inherent dilemma in the implementation of artificial ground planting.This is because we want to embody the lush feeling of natural plantings, but we cannot completely remove the artificial beauty.In particular, in order to secure the planting base of the soil and drainage layer, the vertical element of the planter is inevitable.In the case of the 7th floor, many modifications had to be made to find the optimal planter height.To reduce the artificial impression caused by the height of the planter, and to make the natural material stand out, the formative and cognitive effect was considered by creating the optimal height and linearity.

12 多種植物材料混合種植Various mixture of plants material experimented

The first principle was a design below knee height, which is comfortable to look at and has the least burden on walking and experience.The high tier required for planting tall trees was treated as two tiers, so that even if the side of the planter is high, the plants on the lower tier can be seen as much as possible.In the case of a horizontally long planter that is long and boringly exposed on the elevation, it is segmented at an appropriate point.By allowing one planter to elongate forward and converge to the ground, we also devised a small planting gap between the bifurcated planters.

The next principle was to reduce the perceived weight by reducing the thickness of all facilities, and to give the impression of retreating by using dark and diminishing colors.Through color matching of dark gray volcanic stone mulching and black stainless steel planter material,it was a strategy to send all other elements except plants, such as planters and mulching materials, to the back, and to make the texture of natural materials feel more vivid.Seating also minimized its presence and focused on harmony with plants and planters.In order to maximize the experience in the garden along with the harmonious exterior, a round single-seater stool named “Dot Stool” rather than a bench type is floated above the planter boundary, and the column is hidden behind the boundary.The “Event Pavilion” on the 7th floor and the “Green Conference Room” on the 4th floor are also set to emphasize the natural texture and actively embrace plants.

5 Shared Garden Program Operations: Diverse lifestyles in Shared Garden, Nocknock

The operator of the shared garden started with the intention of using the idle space in the city center to give citizens an experience of garden culture.A shared garden cannot be owned by an individual, but it is a place where you can enjoy garden culture together.You can experience classes such as gardening and yoga, not just looking at the garden.It is similar to “ Madang”, a Korean courtyard that is open to anyone, holds events such as ceremonial occasions, and contains the joys and sorrows of life.Just like playing with neighbors in Madang, we hope that everyone who comes here will return with a pleasant experience.

The advantage of a shared garden is that it is accessible and you can experience nature with a high level of immersion.We have witnessed great synergy when the context of location and contents such as yoga and gardening are added.In the future, the shared garden will receive more and more attention as a private outdoor space.As the meaning of the company name “Nocknock”, we hope that the shared garden will be firmly established as a space where you can knock on nature at any time.

(Editor / WANG Yilan)

Project location:Seoul, Korea

Size: 2,802 m2

Completion Year:2021

Landscape Design Firm:Lab D+H Seoul (????? ???????)

Lead Landscape Architect:YoungJoon Choi (Assistant Professor at Department of Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University)

Design Team:YoungJoon Choi, Byeonggil Choi, Zaiyan Zhao, Sangeun Cho, Dajeong Kim, Yeajin Kim, Jinhwan Kim

Clients: IGIS Asset Management

Collaborators:Androses/Nocknock (Shared Garden Operation and Maintenance)

Photo credits:Fig.1, 2 ? Lab D+H Seoul; Fig.3-12 ?CHEONG-O YU

Translator:DING Yao

Proofreader:WU Danzi