楊鎮(zhèn)翠 徐龍強(qiáng) 劉淑慧 宗金寶
[摘要] 目的 研究山東漢族人群內(nèi)收蛋白2(ADD2)基因rs3755351位點(diǎn)單核苷酸多態(tài)性與重度子癇前期遺傳易感性的關(guān)系。
方法 選取山東地區(qū)1 184例重度子癇前期病人(病例組)和1 421例健康對(duì)照者(對(duì)照組)作為研究對(duì)象,將病例組病人進(jìn)一步分為早發(fā)型重度子癇前期(EOSP)和晚發(fā)型重度子癇前期(LOSP)兩個(gè)亞組。提取外周血DNA,采用TaqMan探針PCR技術(shù)檢測ADD2基因rs3755351位點(diǎn)基因型分布和等位基因頻率。
結(jié)果
病例組ADD2基因rs3755351位點(diǎn)AA、AC、CC基因型的頻率分別為10.81%、43.67%和45.52%,A、C等位基因的頻率分別為32.64%和67.36%,與對(duì)照組相比,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。EOSP組與對(duì)照組相比較,rs3755351位點(diǎn)的等位基因頻率差異有顯著性(χ2=6.394,P<0.05),但基因型頻率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。EOSP組與LOSP組、LOSP組與對(duì)照組比較,rs3755351位點(diǎn)的基因型和等位基因頻率差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
結(jié)論 山東漢族人群ADD2基因rs3755351位點(diǎn)的單核苷酸多態(tài)性可能與子癇前期的嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān),該基因是EOSP的易感基因之一。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 先兆子癇;ADD2基因;多態(tài)性,單核苷酸;疾病遺傳易感性
[中圖分類號(hào)] R714.244;R363.25
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A
[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2023)01-0097-04
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2023.59.024
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20230302.1736.003.html;2023-03-03 15:43:36
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM AT RS3755351 IN ADD2 GENE AND GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA IN HAN POPULATION OF SHANDONG PROVINCE, CHINA
YANG Zhencui, XU Longqiang, LIU Shuhui, ZONG Jinbao
(Department of Clinical Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China)
; [ABSTRACT] ?Objective ?To study the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism at rs3755351 in the beta-adducin gene (ADD2) and genetic susceptibility to severe preeclampsia in the Han population of Shandong province, China.
Methods
A total of 1 184 patients with severe preeclampsia (case group) and 1 421 healthy controls (control group) from Shandong province were included. The case group was further divided into early-onset severe preeclampsia (EOSP) and late-onset severe preeclampsia (LOSP) subgroups. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. TaqMan PCR was used to analyze the genotype and allele frequencies at rs3755351 in the ADD2 gene.
Results ?In the case group, the frequencies of AA, AC, and CC genotypes at rs3755351 in the ADD2 gene were 10.81%, 43.67%, and 45.52%, respectively, and the frequencies of alleles A and C were 32.64% and 67.36%, respectively, with no significant differences from those in the control group (P>0.05). The EOSP group differed significantly from the control group in the allele frequency of rs3755351 (χ2=6.394,P<0.05), but not in the genotype frequency (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of rs3755351 between the EOSP and LOSP groups, nor between the LOSP and control groups.
Conclusion ?The single nucleotide polymorphism at rs3755351 in the ADD2 gene may be related to the severity of preeclampsia among the Shandong Han population. This gene is a susceptibility gene for EOSP.
[KEY WORDS] ?pre-eclampsia; ADD2 gene; polymorphism, single nucleotide; genetic
子癇前期(PE)是一種以妊娠期高血壓和蛋白尿?yàn)樘卣鞯娜焉锾禺愋约膊?,全球發(fā)病率為3%~5%,嚴(yán)重危害母嬰健康[1]。在巴西,高血壓疾病是導(dǎo)致孕產(chǎn)婦圍生期死亡的主要原因,占所調(diào)查孕產(chǎn)婦死因的25%[2]。另外,高血壓還與胎兒死亡、新生兒死亡、宮內(nèi)生長受限和早產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加有關(guān)[3]。研究表明,內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷、氧化應(yīng)激、遺傳因素和營養(yǎng)因素等與PE的發(fā)病有關(guān)[4]。內(nèi)收蛋白(ADD)是
一種細(xì)胞膜骨架蛋白,由α、β、γ 等3個(gè)亞基組成異源二聚體。這3個(gè)亞基分別由基因ADD1、ADD2以及ADD3所編碼[5]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,ADD的遺傳變異與高血壓及相關(guān)疾病有關(guān),且其基因多態(tài)性與高血壓的易感性密切相關(guān)[6-8]?;诖耍覀兺茰yADD2基因的遺傳變異可能與PE有關(guān)。因此,本研究探討了山東漢族人群ADD2基因rs3755351位點(diǎn)的單核苷酸多態(tài)性與重度PE遺傳易感性的關(guān)系,旨在為闡明PE的發(fā)病機(jī)制提供新的思路?,F(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1 對(duì)象和方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象
選取2014年1月—2016年1月青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院、山東省立醫(yī)院、濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院的重度PE病人1 184例(病例組)和正常孕婦1 421例(對(duì)照組)作為研究對(duì)象。病例組只納入孕周大于28周的重度PE病人,PE診斷均符合《妊娠期高血壓疾病診治指南(2020)》的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9]。根據(jù)發(fā)生重度PE的早晚,將病例組病人分為早發(fā)型重度PE(EOSP,指妊娠34周以前發(fā)生的重度PE)和晚發(fā)型重度PE(LOSP,≥34周發(fā)生的重度PE)[10]。本研究獲青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有研究對(duì)象均簽署知情同意書。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 外周血DNA提取 采集所有研究對(duì)象外周肘靜脈血2 mL,EDTA抗凝,凍存于-80 ℃冰箱。用天根血液基因組DNA提取試劑盒(離心柱式)提取400 μL外周血基因組DNA,-20 ℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.2.2 ADD2基因分型分析 應(yīng)用美國ABI公司合成的TaqMan探針,采用TaqMan探針PCR技術(shù)對(duì)ADD2基因的rs3755351位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行單核苷酸多態(tài)性分析。rs3755351位點(diǎn)檢測前引物序列為5′-TGTGTTCAGCGACAGTATCTCTTTA-3′,后引物序列為5′-GGACTAGTGACTTGGGAGCCAC-TTA-3′。實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR反應(yīng)體系共7 μL,由1.75 μL 2×MIX溶液、0.05 μL 20×SNP探針、1.00 μL模板DNA和4.20 μL的去離子水組成。將上述反應(yīng)體系放入C1000TM熱循環(huán)儀和CFX96TM實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)(BIO-RAD,Hercules,CA)中進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,條件如下:95 ℃變性10 min,95 ℃退火15 s,60 ℃延伸1 min,共45個(gè)循環(huán)。熒光信號(hào)在60 ℃延伸時(shí)進(jìn)行捕捉。采用Bio-Rad CFX Manager 3.0軟件進(jìn)行基因型判別。為驗(yàn)證TaqMan探針法的準(zhǔn)確性,隨機(jī)抽取兩組的20份DNA樣本進(jìn)行Sanger測序,結(jié)果顯示兩種方法的一致性為100%。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
使用SPSS 24.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)以±s表示,兩組比較采用t檢驗(yàn);兩組計(jì)數(shù)資料的比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)? 果
2.1 臨床資料比較
與對(duì)照組相比,病例組的收縮壓和舒張壓明顯升高,入院孕周和分娩孕周明顯提前,胎兒出生體質(zhì)量明顯降低(t=-38.91~54.64,P<0.01)。見表1。EOSP組與對(duì)照組相比,年齡、孕期體質(zhì)量增加、高血壓家族史、凝血功能、肝腎功能等指標(biāo)差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=7.74~167.95,P<0.05);對(duì)妊娠結(jié)局進(jìn)行分析,EOSP組胎兒窘迫、胎兒宮內(nèi)生長受限、死胎、死產(chǎn)、新生兒死亡的發(fā)生率均顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=8.31~99.37,P<0.05)。見表2。
2.2 病例組與對(duì)照組基因型和等位基因頻率比較
病例組和對(duì)照組ADD2基因rs3755351位點(diǎn)的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P>0.05)。兩組基因型和等位基因頻率比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.345、3.308,P>0.05)。見表3。
2.3 EOSP組、LOSP組與對(duì)照組基因型和等位基因頻率比較
EOSP組與對(duì)照組比較,rs3755351位點(diǎn)的等位基因頻率差異有顯著性(χ2=6.394,P<0.05),但基因型頻率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=1.065,P>0.05)。EOSP組與LOSP組比較、LOSP組與對(duì)照組比較,rs3755351位點(diǎn)的基因型和等位基因頻率差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.010~4.018,P>0.05)。見表4。
3 討? 論
PE是一種妊娠特異性疾病,全球的發(fā)病率為3.2%~12.0%,我國的發(fā)病率為4.2%[11-12]。有研究表明,妊娠早期胎盤發(fā)育受損和螺旋動(dòng)脈重構(gòu)受損通常與EOSP有關(guān),而LOSP可能與母體內(nèi)皮功能障礙有關(guān)[13]。一項(xiàng)全面的前瞻性研究表明,PE與心血管疾病死亡獨(dú)立相關(guān),并且,與LOSP相比,EOSP胎兒生長受限更嚴(yán)重,孕產(chǎn)婦圍生期的發(fā)病率和死亡率更高[14],遠(yuǎn)期發(fā)生心血管疾病死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也更高[15]。
ADD2基因位于染色體2p13-p14上,有13個(gè)外顯子,大小為100 kb。ADD2在大腦、胚胎和腎中表達(dá)最高,在維持細(xì)胞形態(tài)、參與物質(zhì)運(yùn)輸、傳遞細(xì)胞形態(tài)信號(hào)、影響和控制細(xì)胞增殖方面發(fā)揮重要作用[16-18]。例如,敲除ADD2基因的小鼠會(huì)表現(xiàn)出以輕度貧血和代償性溶血為特征的表型[19-20]。在小鼠大腦中,ADD2被認(rèn)為是突觸結(jié)構(gòu)的組成部分,在海馬的突觸可塑性中協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)和學(xué)習(xí)記憶過程[21]。在腎臟組織中,ADD2蛋白的突變改變了腎臟Na+-K+-ATP酶內(nèi)吞作用的動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)節(jié),還通過調(diào)節(jié)特定足細(xì)胞的表達(dá),參與腎小球病變的發(fā)展[18,22]。流行病學(xué)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),ADD2可能是鹽敏感型原發(fā)性高血壓的易感基因,通過增加腎小管基底膜Na+-K+-
ATP酶活性,增加腎小管上皮細(xì)胞對(duì)Na+的重吸
收,導(dǎo)致高血壓[5,23]。例如,KATO等[24]在對(duì)日本高血壓人群進(jìn)行大量病例-對(duì)照關(guān)聯(lián)研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),ADD2基因rs3755351位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與高血壓顯著相關(guān)。耿啟彬等[25]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在福建人群中,ADD2基因的rs3755351位點(diǎn)與高血壓遺傳易感性相關(guān),與AC或CC基因型相比,攜帶AA基因型能顯著降低罹患高血壓的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但在廣東人群中未發(fā)現(xiàn)該位點(diǎn)與高血壓的遺傳易感性相關(guān)。在中國藏族人群中,ADD2基因rs3755351位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與藏族高原高血壓的發(fā)生有關(guān),是世居藏族人群高原高血壓發(fā)生的易感基因之一[26]。
本研究對(duì)1 184例重度PE孕婦和1 421例健康孕婦的一般臨床資料分析顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,重度PE孕婦收縮壓和舒張壓都升高,入院孕周和分娩孕周均提前,胎兒出生體質(zhì)量較低,這進(jìn)一步佐證了孕產(chǎn)婦發(fā)生不良結(jié)局的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與PE的嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān)?;蚨鄳B(tài)性分析結(jié)果顯示,兩組孕婦ADD2基因rs3755351位點(diǎn)的基因型和等位基因頻率差異無顯著意義。LOSP組與EOSP組、LOSP組與對(duì)照組比較,rs3755351位點(diǎn)的基因型和等位基因頻率差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;但EOSP組與對(duì)照組相比,rs3755351位點(diǎn)的等位基因頻率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,而基因型頻率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。提示山東漢族人群ADD2基因rs3755351位點(diǎn)的單核苷酸多態(tài)性可能與PE嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān),該基因是EOSP的易感基因之一。由于本研究僅局限于山東地區(qū)人群,而基因位點(diǎn)的多態(tài)性在不同種族和地域間往往有較大的差異,因此,ADD2基因rs3755351位點(diǎn)與PE易感性的相關(guān)性尚需在中國其他地區(qū)人群中加以驗(yàn)證。
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(本文編輯 馬偉平)