顏陽(yáng)
濟(jì)南的舊俗春節(jié)是從初一開(kāi)始。四更或五更時(shí)分,全家人要一起吃餃子,俗稱“五更餃子”,取其諧音,也稱“更歲交子”,象征辭舊迎新。煮餃子時(shí),要鳴放鞭炮,驅(qū)邪惡、求吉利。
有趣的是,濟(jì)南過(guò)年時(shí)人們的言行也有忌諱,如餃子煮破了,要說(shuō)“掙了”;如摔碎了盤(pán)子碗等家什,要趕緊說(shuō)“歲歲平安”;初一當(dāng)天不能掃地和倒垃圾,那樣會(huì)將財(cái)氣一起掃地出門(mén)。
吃過(guò)了新年第一頓餃子,一大早,擦著黑,呼吸著“年味兒”,人們便穿新衣、戴新帽,舊時(shí)女人還戴絨絹花,開(kāi)始每年春節(jié)的重要活動(dòng)——“拜年”。
起床后,先向自己的長(zhǎng)輩拜年,祝福他們健康長(zhǎng)壽,萬(wàn)事如意。最開(kāi)心的莫過(guò)于小孩子了,早早地穿好新衣服,給長(zhǎng)輩們拜年,長(zhǎng)輩們便會(huì)“紅包拿來(lái)”。此后,人們外出給親朋好友、鄰居街坊拜年,路上相遇時(shí)也要笑容滿面地抱拳互道“恭喜發(fā)財(cái)”“新年快樂(lè)”。
此后,春節(jié)的慶?;顒?dòng)正式開(kāi)始,祈福會(huì)、趕廟會(huì)、迎財(cái)神,進(jìn)福門(mén)、走福路、敲福鼓,登高禮佛、祈福納?!恢背掷m(xù)到正月十五,在逛吃和祈福的節(jié)奏中,歡度整個(gè)春節(jié)假期。
The first day of the Spring Festival is spent visiting family and friends. On the first day, the oldest and most senior members will be visited, the visits serve to strengthen family ties. Bài nián refers to both, pay a New Years call as well as ‘wishing somebody a Happy New Year. In Jinan, this festival is usually for 15 days and ends with the Lantern Festival, the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar. There is a general air of festivity and abandon during the festival period.