安春梅 郭燕 陳靜 王泳力 邢國(guó)鑫 楊芳
【摘 要】目的:探討椎管拔管時(shí)間差異對(duì)自然分娩的孕產(chǎn)婦的鎮(zhèn)痛影響。方法:選取2020年7月至2021年3月在我院采取椎管鎮(zhèn)痛方式進(jìn)行自然分娩的產(chǎn)婦共100例,分組研究,實(shí)驗(yàn)組為自愿在產(chǎn)后2小時(shí)拔除椎管的椎管內(nèi)鎮(zhèn)痛分娩的人群;對(duì)照組為同時(shí)段自愿在產(chǎn)后6小時(shí)拔除椎管內(nèi)導(dǎo)管的人群。然后對(duì)比分析兩組產(chǎn)婦在術(shù)后的疼痛反應(yīng)及兩組產(chǎn)婦對(duì)椎管拔管時(shí)間的滿意程度。結(jié)果:兩組產(chǎn)婦在產(chǎn)后2小時(shí)的疼痛感評(píng)分基本相同,數(shù)據(jù)不存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異;在產(chǎn)后6h的對(duì)照組產(chǎn)婦的鎮(zhèn)痛感評(píng)分為(79.4±4.3)分,略高于同時(shí)期較早拔管的實(shí)驗(yàn)組的(71.3±2.4)分,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)差異不明顯。較早拔管的實(shí)驗(yàn)組的產(chǎn)婦對(duì)生產(chǎn)具有更高的滿意程度,滿意率達(dá)到96%,而6h后拔管的對(duì)照組產(chǎn)婦可能因插管時(shí)間長(zhǎng)造成的不適感如膠布粘貼時(shí)間長(zhǎng)出現(xiàn)皮膚紅、瘙癢、水泡,腿軟無(wú)力,持續(xù)低熱而滿意率較低,僅為86%,兩組數(shù)據(jù)差異明顯。結(jié)論:產(chǎn)后2h椎管內(nèi)導(dǎo)管拔除既能為產(chǎn)后鎮(zhèn)痛保證效果,更能夠提高產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)后舒適度。
【關(guān)鍵詞】自然分娩;椎管;阻滯麻醉;鎮(zhèn)痛效果
Analysis of the analgesic effect of intraspinal block anesthesia in pregnant women with natural delivery
An Chunmei,Guo Yan,Chen Jing, Wang Yongli,Xing Guoxin,Yang Fang(corresponding author) Shuangyashan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Heilongjiang Shuangyashan 155100, China
【Abstract】Objective:To investigate the effect of the time difference of spinal canal extubation on the analgesia of pregnant women who gave birth naturally.Methods:A total of 100 parturients who were given spontaneous delivery by spinalcanalanalgesia in our hospital from July 2020 to March 2021 were selected for group study. The experimental group was the population who voluntarily removed the spinal canal within2 hours postpartum. The control group was the population who voluntarily removed the intraspinal catheterat 6 hours after delivery at the same time. Then, the postoperative pain response of the two groups of parturients and the satisfaction degree of the two groups of parturients with the time of spinal canal extubation were compared and analyzed. Results: The pain scores of the two groups of parturients at 2 hours postpartum were basically the same, and there was no statistical difference in the data; the control group at 6 hours postpartum had a pain score of(79.4±4.3)points,which was slightly higher than(71.3±2.4)points in the experimental group with early extubation at the same period,and the statistical data was not significantly different.The pregnant women in the experimental group who were extubated earlier had a higher degree of satisfaction with delivery, with a satisfaction rate of 96%,while the women in the control group who were extubated after 6 hours may experience discomfort due to the long intubation time, such as the appearance of skin on the tape for a long time were redness, itching, blisters, weak legs, persistent low fever with lower satisfaction rate, only 86%, there is a significant difference between the two groups of data.Conclusion:Removal of the spinal catheter 2h postpartum can not only ensure the effect of postpartum analgesia, but also improve the postpartum comfort of the parturient..
【Key?Words】Natural delivery; Spinal canal; Block anesthesia; Analgesic effect
隨著三胎的逐漸放開,越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到自然分娩對(duì)孕婦產(chǎn)后恢復(fù)與新生兒健康的重要性,但是自然分娩給產(chǎn)婦帶來(lái)的疼痛感是十分強(qiáng)烈的,因此在臨床醫(yī)學(xué)上,目前產(chǎn)婦主要使用鎮(zhèn)痛的方式降低生產(chǎn)的不適感。同時(shí)孕產(chǎn)婦對(duì)椎管內(nèi)鎮(zhèn)痛分娩產(chǎn)后舒適度的要求越來(lái)越高,如何能夠提升產(chǎn)后鎮(zhèn)痛持續(xù)時(shí)間成為一個(gè)重要的醫(yī)學(xué)問(wèn)題。除此之外,因?yàn)槟壳暗难芯抠Y料主要側(cè)重于對(duì)孕產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)前的鎮(zhèn)痛效果的研究,對(duì)產(chǎn)婦生產(chǎn)后的鎮(zhèn)痛研究較少,因此本文通過(guò)對(duì)100例椎管內(nèi)鎮(zhèn)痛分娩產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)后不同時(shí)間內(nèi)拔除椎管內(nèi)麻醉導(dǎo)管后疼痛對(duì)比,然后總結(jié)椎管拔出的不同時(shí)間對(duì)孕產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)后舒適度的影響。以期能夠在未來(lái)的孕產(chǎn)婦臨床使用中取得更加好的效果。目前相關(guān)的試驗(yàn)流程與內(nèi)容均已完成,現(xiàn)做出如下報(bào)告。
1.1 一般資料
患者選取2020年7月至2021年3月在我院采取椎管鎮(zhèn)痛方式進(jìn)行自然分娩的產(chǎn)婦共100例,在充分咨詢產(chǎn)婦與家屬的意見的情況下,開展研究,將入院的產(chǎn)婦根據(jù)時(shí)間先后順序隨機(jī)分為兩組。實(shí)驗(yàn)組50例,年齡22歲~34歲,平均年齡(25.7±3.2)歲;對(duì)照組50例,年齡21歲~32歲,平均年齡(26.5±4.3)歲,兩組產(chǎn)婦各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)無(wú)明顯性差異。
1.2 研究方法
兩組患者在宮口開大4厘米后實(shí)行椎管內(nèi)麻醉,在患者進(jìn)行麻醉之前,采用常規(guī)使用生理鹽水對(duì)患者進(jìn)行靜脈滴注,生理鹽水產(chǎn)自石藥銀湖制藥有限公司,注射規(guī)格為500ml,然后選取在L2-3的位置對(duì)產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行硬膜外穿刺[1]。在穿刺點(diǎn)注射利多卡因局麻,規(guī)格為1%的溶液混合率,然后對(duì)患者進(jìn)行硬膜外穿刺成功后連接止疼泵。充分征求患者意見后,在產(chǎn)婦生產(chǎn)結(jié)束后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組為椎管內(nèi)鎮(zhèn)痛分娩的患者產(chǎn)后2小時(shí)拔除椎管內(nèi)導(dǎo)管的人群;對(duì)照組為同時(shí)段產(chǎn)后6小時(shí)拔除椎管內(nèi)導(dǎo)管的人群。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
采取自評(píng)分的方式收集產(chǎn)婦的鎮(zhèn)痛反應(yīng),60分以下表示非常疼痛,60分~80分表示一般疼痛,80分以上表示疼痛感基本消失,基于對(duì)比要求,對(duì)兩組產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)后2h、6h的疼痛度進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)組產(chǎn)婦椎管拔出后的2h與6h進(jìn)行持續(xù)性疼痛性觀察,以便進(jìn)行對(duì)比。同時(shí)收集兩組產(chǎn)婦對(duì)椎管拔管時(shí)間的滿意程度,采取問(wèn)卷方式進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集調(diào)查[2]。
2.1 兩組產(chǎn)婦椎管拔除時(shí)間疼痛程度情況分析
經(jīng)比較分析,兩組產(chǎn)婦在產(chǎn)后2h的疼痛感評(píng)分基本相同,數(shù)據(jù)不存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,在產(chǎn)后6h的對(duì)照組產(chǎn)婦的鎮(zhèn)痛感評(píng)分為(79.4±4.3)分略高于同時(shí)期較早拔管的實(shí)驗(yàn)組的(71.3±2.4)分,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)差異不明顯,說(shuō)明在產(chǎn)后2h將椎管內(nèi)導(dǎo)管拔出同樣能夠有效地減輕產(chǎn)婦疼痛的出現(xiàn),見表1。
2.2 兩組產(chǎn)婦對(duì)于產(chǎn)后拔管后相關(guān)舒適度的滿意程度分析
經(jīng)比較,較早拔管的實(shí)驗(yàn)組的產(chǎn)婦對(duì)生產(chǎn)具有更高的滿意程度,滿意率達(dá)到96%,而6h后拔管的對(duì)照組產(chǎn)婦可能因插管時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)造成的不適感而滿意率較低,僅為86%,兩組數(shù)據(jù)差異明顯,見表2。
產(chǎn)婦在自然分娩后仍然會(huì)在一定的時(shí)間內(nèi)存在痛感,不同拔管時(shí)間可能對(duì)產(chǎn)后舒適度造成一定影響。根據(jù)本次的研究結(jié)果顯示,產(chǎn)后2小時(shí)拔管存在優(yōu)勢(shì)為麻醉時(shí)間短,產(chǎn)后出血少;早恢復(fù)活動(dòng),避免栓塞性疾??;藥物用量相對(duì)少,副作用少;減少感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn);產(chǎn)后6小時(shí)拔管與之相比,沒(méi)有明顯改善疼痛和提高舒適度,因此產(chǎn)后2h拔管更能夠提高產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)后舒適程度。但是在產(chǎn)婦分娩后因孕期及分娩后特殊心理狀況,存在主觀意識(shí)太強(qiáng),客觀上可能存在提供的病情與事實(shí)有偏差。因此本次的研究成果有待進(jìn)一步深化。
綜上所述,椎管內(nèi)鎮(zhèn)痛分娩后,選擇合適的時(shí)間拔除椎管內(nèi)導(dǎo)管,既不影響產(chǎn)后活動(dòng)舒適度,又避免過(guò)早拔管導(dǎo)致的產(chǎn)后宮縮痛及會(huì)陰疼痛。
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[2] 潘紅.椎管內(nèi)麻醉分娩鎮(zhèn)痛對(duì)產(chǎn)程和分娩結(jié)果影響的臨床價(jià)值[J].實(shí)用婦科內(nèi)分泌電子雜志,2016,3(21):40-41.
基金項(xiàng)目:雙鴨山市科技局雙鴨山市應(yīng)用技術(shù)(2021YFSF23)。