王麗楠 王通 聶蓮蓮 尹丹娟

摘 要 目的：分析2018-2020年上海市某社區(qū)慢性乙型病毒性肝炎（慢性乙肝）的流行病學(xué)特征，為慢性乙肝的精準(zhǔn)防控工作提供理論依據(jù)。方法：采用描述性流行病學(xué)方法，分析2018-2020年中國疾病預(yù)防控制信息管理系統(tǒng)上報(bào)的上海市某社區(qū)慢性乙肝資料。結(jié)果：上海某社區(qū)2018-2020年累計(jì)報(bào)告慢性乙肝病例380例，占病毒性肝炎總數(shù)的83.89%，年均報(bào)告發(fā)病率為103.23/10萬，2019年報(bào)告發(fā)病率為135.40/10萬，在3年中排首位（χ2=23.47，P<0.05）。農(nóng)村地區(qū)報(bào)告發(fā)病率大于城市地區(qū)（131.70/10萬比85.36/10萬，χ2=18.20，P<0.05）。男性報(bào)告發(fā)病率大于女性（男女病例數(shù)之比為1.59∶1，χ2=18.90，P<0.05）。全年4季均有病例發(fā)生，第二季度呈高發(fā)態(tài)勢。發(fā)病主要集中在30～59歲年齡組（68.42%）。職業(yè)主要集中在農(nóng)民、離退人員、家務(wù)及待業(yè)人員及工人，其中工人在所有職業(yè)中所占的比例逐年降低（χ2=15.28，P<0.05）。結(jié)論：男性以及農(nóng)村地區(qū)是該社區(qū)慢性乙肝的高發(fā)人群及地區(qū)，各年發(fā)病波動(dòng)較明顯，因此應(yīng)針對特定人群開展針對性的監(jiān)測、防控、健康教育等工作，并在兒童乙肝疫苗接種工作基礎(chǔ)上加大力度提高成人乙肝疫苗接種率，以降低慢性乙肝發(fā)病率。

關(guān)鍵詞 乙型病毒性肝炎；社區(qū)；流行病學(xué)特征

中圖分類號：R512.62 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號：1006-1533（2021）20-0050-04

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of chronic hepatitis B in a community in Shanghai from 2018 to 2020

WANG Linan， WANG Tong， NIE Lianlian， YIN Danjuan（Prevention and Health Care Department of Zhujing Community Health Service Center of Jinshan District， Shanghai 201599， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chronic viral hepatitis B （chronic hepatitis B） in a community in Shanghai from 2018 to 2020， to provide theoretical basis for accurate prevention and control work of chronic hepatitis B. Methods： Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of chronic hepatitis B in a community in Shanghai reported by the Chinese disease control and prevention information management system from 2018 to 2020. Results： A total of 380 cases of chronic hepatitis B were reported from 2018 to 2020 in a community in Shanghai， accounting for 83.89% of the total number of viral hepatitis， the annual incidence rate was 103.23/100 000， and the reported incidence rate was 135.40/100 000 in 2019， ranking the first in 3 years （χ2=23.47， P<0.05）. The reported incidence in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas （131.70/100 000 to 85.36/100 000， χ2=18.20， P<0.05）. The incidence rate of male reported cases was greater than that of female reported ones （the ratio of male to female cases was 1.59：1， χ2=18.90， P<0.05）. There were cases in 4 quarters of the year， and the second quarter showed a trend of high incidence. The incidence was mainly concentrated in the age group of 30～59 years old （68.42%）. The occupations were mainly concentrated in farmers， retirees， domestic and unemployed persons and workers， of which the proportion of workers in all occupations decreases year by year （χ2=15.28， P<0.05）. Conclusion： Men and rural areas are the high-risk groups and areas of chronic hepatitis B in this community， and the incidence fluctuates significantly from year to year， therefore， targeted monitoring， prevention and control， and health education should be carried out for specific groups of people， and based on the work of hepatitis B vaccination in children， efforts should be made to increase the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination in adults.