周美玉 韓財(cái)安 李達(dá) 江俊勇
摘 要:對(duì)江西南昌和上高的野生泥鰍的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分進(jìn)行了測(cè)定分析,結(jié)果表明,南昌泥鰍和上高泥鰍的水分、灰分、脂肪、蛋白質(zhì)含量分別為76.9%、1.1%、1.3%、19.9%和77.3%、1.3%、1.4%、19.2%。南昌泥鰍的18種氨基酸總量略高于上高泥鰍,分別為20.1%、18.7%;其中甘氨酸、脯氨酸和色氨酸含量以上高泥鰍稍高,其他15種氨基酸均以南昌泥鰍含量稍高;含量最高的均為谷氨酸、天門冬氨酸、賴氨酸和亮氨酸,最低的均為胱氨酸和色氨酸;人體必需氨基酸和鮮味氨基酸含量均以南昌泥鰍的略高。2地泥鰍肌肉中均檢測(cè)出21種脂肪酸,其中飽和脂肪酸和單不飽和脂肪酸以南昌泥鰍含量稍高,多不飽和脂肪酸以上高泥鰍的含量稍高??傮w而言,江西省內(nèi)生態(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)良,野生泥鰍的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值較高。
關(guān)鍵詞:江西省;野生泥鰍;營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分;蛋白質(zhì);氨基酸;脂肪酸
中圖分類號(hào) S917.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A文章編號(hào) 1007-7731(2021)19-0077-03
Analysis of Nutrient Composition of Wild Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in Jiangxi Province
ZHOU Meiyu et al.
(Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College, Nanchang 330200, China)
Abstract: The nutrient compositions of wild Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in Nanchang and Shanggao of Jiangxi Province were analyzed. The water content, ash, crude fat and crude protein of Nanchang and Shanggao M. anguillicaudatus were 76.4%, 1.2%, 1.1%, 18.1% and 71.8%, 1.1%, 8.0%, 18.6%, respectively. The total of 18 amino acids of Nanchang′s (20.1%) was slightly higher than Shanggao′s (18.7%). In which, the contents of Glycine, Proline and Tryptophan were a little higher in Shanggao′s; and the other 15 amino acids were higher in Nanchang′s. The highest contents of amino acids both were Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Lysine and Leucine, while the lowest were Cystine and Tryptophan. Both of them, the contents of essential amino acids for human and the delicious amino acids were higher in Nanchang individuals. 21 kinds of fatty acids were both detected. The Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in Nanchang′s and the polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher in Shanggao′s. Orerall, the ecological environment of Jiangxi Province was excellent, and the nutritional value of wild loach was high.
Key words: Jiangxi Province; Wild loach; Nutrient Composition; Protein; Amino acids; Fatty acids
泥鰍(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)隸屬于鯉形目鰍科,是雜食性的淡水魚類,其適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、抗病性好,在我國(guó)各地廣泛分布,是一種小型底層經(jīng)濟(jì)魚類。泥鰍富含優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)、維生素、煙酸等,脂肪、膽固醇含量低,是肉質(zhì)鮮美、營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的水產(chǎn)品,有“水中人參”的美譽(yù)。江西省具有較豐富的泥鰍資源和優(yōu)良的生態(tài)環(huán)境。本研究對(duì)江西省內(nèi)南昌縣向塘鎮(zhèn)和上高縣蘆州鄉(xiāng)的2種野生泥鰍的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分進(jìn)行了測(cè)定分析。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料 野生泥鰍分別于江西省南昌縣向塘鎮(zhèn)黃山小學(xué)附近(南昌泥鰍)和江西省上高縣蘆州鄉(xiāng)隆信水產(chǎn)良種繁殖場(chǎng)附近(上高泥鰍)用地籠抓獲,采樣地點(diǎn)如圖1所示。樣品均根據(jù)其典型特征進(jìn)行種類鑒定。南昌泥鰍取樣5尾,平均體長(zhǎng)(12.67±2.18)cm,平均體重(22.19±3.30)g;上高泥鰍取樣5尾,平均體長(zhǎng)(11.23±1.78)cm,平均體重(19.98±2.71)g。
1.2 取樣 樣品先經(jīng)過(guò)2d空腹養(yǎng)殖,再撈出吸干水分,除去頭部、皮膚、鰭、內(nèi)臟和骨骼等,取肉質(zhì)部分待測(cè)。
1.3 分析測(cè)定方法 水分:GB 5009.3-2016直接干燥法?;曳郑篏B 5009.4-2016灼燒法。蛋白質(zhì):GB 5009.5-2016凱氏定氮法。脂肪:GB 5009.6-2016索氏抽提法。脂肪酸:GB 5009.168-2016歸一化法。氨基酸:除色氨酸外,參照GB 5009.12-2016。其中,前處理和色譜條件如下。前處理:稱取適量樣品于水解管中,加入15ml鹽酸(1+1)溶液,抽真空3min;封口,于110℃烘箱水解22h~24h;取出冷卻到室溫后洗出,用氫氧化鈉溶液中和至中性;過(guò)濾分取1mL于10mL比色管中;加入0.5mol/L碳酸氫鈉溶液0.5mL、1% 2,4-二硝基氟苯乙腈溶液0.2mL搖勻,置60℃水浴中避光加熱衍生60min后取出;用pH=7磷酸鹽緩沖液定容到刻度,搖勻過(guò)0.45um濾膜進(jìn)樣。色譜條件:Waters2695分離模塊,2996檢測(cè)器,流動(dòng)相A為0.05mol/L三水合乙酸鈉水溶液+乙腈=1+1,流動(dòng)相B為三水合乙酸鈉水溶液,色譜柱C18,進(jìn)樣體積20uL,柱溫箱32℃,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)355nm。色氨酸用氫氧化鉀水解,烘烤后加二甲氨基苯甲醛和亞硝酸鈉溶液,于590nm波長(zhǎng)可見光分光光度計(jì)測(cè)定。
安徽農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào)2021年19期