建筑設(shè)計(jì)：昆明理工大學(xué)見地工作室

1 外景，無邊魚池/Exterior view,fish pond with no edge

茶馬古道上唯一幸存的集市——云南沙溪寺登街，于2001 年入選世界紀(jì)念性建筑基金會（WMF）年保護(hù)名錄。2007 年6 月9 日，沙溪被列入中國第三批國家級歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)。

項(xiàng)目用地原為沙溪鎮(zhèn)寺登完小，位于沙溪古鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)控制保護(hù)區(qū)，毗鄰古鎮(zhèn)核心保護(hù)區(qū)和興教寺保護(hù)區(qū)，且北面有局部地塊處于古鎮(zhèn)核心保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)。因此，規(guī)劃要求嚴(yán)格按照《沙溪?dú)v史文化名鎮(zhèn)保護(hù)與發(fā)展規(guī)劃》的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，以及國家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位興教寺相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。

根據(jù)《沙溪?dú)v史文化名鎮(zhèn)保護(hù)與發(fā)展規(guī)劃》要求，項(xiàng)目所在區(qū)域建筑“最高為二層、屋檐高不得超過7.5m；臨街建筑必須采用土木結(jié)構(gòu)，采用白族傳統(tǒng)建筑形式，屋頂應(yīng)是傳統(tǒng)屋脊的坡屋頂，窗用實(shí)木材料做窗框”。而根據(jù)《建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范》相關(guān)規(guī)定，建筑采用木結(jié)構(gòu)會導(dǎo)致建筑之間間距相對較大，易使古鎮(zhèn)傳統(tǒng)街巷空間肌理被破壞。而“綠地率≥35%、建筑密度≤26%、容積率≤0.8”的控制指標(biāo)要求也難以延續(xù)古鎮(zhèn)傳統(tǒng)肌理。

項(xiàng)目以歷史文化的傳承和延續(xù)為切入點(diǎn)，以“拼合、鑲嵌、整合”的設(shè)計(jì)方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)傳統(tǒng)肌理、尺度的延續(xù)和新舊建筑間的對話。

項(xiàng)目場地由西向東標(biāo)高逐漸降低，興教寺處于場地東面，為最低處，為了與興教寺相協(xié)調(diào)，新建建筑與周邊建筑相適應(yīng)，高度以兩層為主，一層層高3.3m 為主，二層層高3m 為主。沿寺登街臨近興教寺大殿處新建建筑檐口絕對標(biāo)高設(shè)為2113.1m，比興教寺檐口高度低0.5m，對歷史和現(xiàn)狀給予了充分的尊重。

基于肌理優(yōu)先的布局理念，首先，設(shè)計(jì)對沙溪古鎮(zhèn)核心區(qū)組團(tuán)進(jìn)行相同規(guī)模的“切片”分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)古鎮(zhèn)組團(tuán)的建筑密度都接近50%，綠地率低于10%?；诖?，在與規(guī)劃管理部門討論后，根據(jù)古鎮(zhèn)實(shí)際情況，放寬了規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)條件，最終規(guī)劃建筑密度為32.4%，綠地率為21.7%。其次，設(shè)計(jì)將基地劃分為3 個防火分區(qū)，分組團(tuán)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，每個組團(tuán)的面積和長度按照規(guī)范進(jìn)行控制?？紤]到延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)肌理，建筑內(nèi)部設(shè)內(nèi)街、庭院，利用庭院、院墻、景觀小品作為聯(lián)系，使整個體塊更加符合古鎮(zhèn)的傳統(tǒng)肌理。將局部不臨街部分采用鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)作為廚房、衛(wèi)生間等用水房間，在更好地滿足其使用功能的基礎(chǔ)上有效減小了房屋間距，使新建建筑、街道的肌理與古鎮(zhèn)傳統(tǒng)肌理更為一致，而其余主體結(jié)構(gòu)全部采用木結(jié)構(gòu)，與周圍環(huán)境更加協(xié)調(diào)。在滿足現(xiàn)行規(guī)范的同時，延續(xù)了周邊原有傳統(tǒng)建筑的緊湊肌理，營造了宜人的街道尺度，提高了土地利用效率。

由于要求土木結(jié)構(gòu)和傳統(tǒng)形式，設(shè)計(jì)方案確定之后，即引入大理本土古建設(shè)計(jì)施工單位完善深化施工圖設(shè)計(jì)，在吸取傳統(tǒng)民居元素創(chuàng)造滿足現(xiàn)代使用需求的同時，充分發(fā)揮了當(dāng)?shù)毓そ车谋就两ㄔ旒妓?，建筑師和傳統(tǒng)工匠一起，實(shí)現(xiàn)了在“熟悉化”基礎(chǔ)上的適度“陌生化”，將一個現(xiàn)代酒店適當(dāng)?shù)亍扒度搿绷松诚沛?zhèn)核心區(qū)。□

The project is adjacent to the core protection area of Shaxi Ancient Town and Xing jiao Temple protection area.With the inheritance and continuation of history and culture as the breakthrough point,the project emphasises the continuation of traditional texture and scale,and the dialogue between old and new buildings through the design method of mosaic and integration.

The elevation of the project site is gradually reduced from west to east,and Xingjiao Temple is the lowest part in the east of the site.In order to coordinate with Xingjiao Temple,the new building is in harmony with the surrounding buildings.The height of the new building is mainly two stories,the first story is mainly 3.3 m high and the second story is mainly 3.0 m high.The absolute elevation of the cornice of the newly built building near the main hall of Xingjiao Temple along Sideng Street is set at 2113.1 m,0.5 m lower than the cornice height of Xingjiao Temple,which fully respects the history and present situation.

Based on the figure-ground theory and the layout concept of texture priority,the design conducted slice analysis on the core area of Shaxi Ancient Town on the same scale,and found that the building density of the ancient town cluster was close to 50%,and the green land rate was less than 10%.Based on this,after discussion with the planning management department,according to the actual situation of the ancient town,the planning and design conditions were relaxed,and the final planning building density increased from 26% to 32.4%,and the green land rate decreased from 35% to 21.7%.

Considering the continuation of the traditional texture,streets and courtyards are set up in the building fire prevention spacing,and the courtyard walls and landscape pieces are used as connections to make the whole block more in line with the traditional texture of the ancient town.In the design,the concrete structure is used as the kitchen and toilet in the part not facing the street.Not only does it increase functionality,but the space between the buildings is effectively reduced,so that the texture of the new project is more consistent with the traditional texture of the ancient town.

2 街景/Street view

Due to the requirement of timber structure and traditional form,the local construction units of ancient buildings in Dali participated in the subsequent construction drawing design and construction work.Together with traditional craftsmen,the architects achieved moderate defamiliarisation on the basis of familiarity,and appropriately embedded a modern hotel in the core area of the ancient town of Shaxi.□

3 現(xiàn)狀建筑肌理/Urban fabric before renovation

4 規(guī)劃建筑肌理/Urban fabric after renovation

5 肌理生成/Urban fabric generation

6 防火間距中的擺攤/Stalls in the fire break

7 街景/Street view

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location:中國云南省劍川縣沙溪鎮(zhèn)寺登街/Temple Deng Street,Shaxi Town,Jianchuan County,Yunnan Province,China

客戶/Client:大理蘭林閣置業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司/Dali Lanlinge Real Estate Co.

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects:昆明理工大學(xué)見地工作室/Common Sense Studio,Kunming University of Technology

主創(chuàng)建筑師/Principal Architects:翟輝，王麗紅/ZHAI Hui,WANG Lihong

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team:翟輝，王麗紅，袁澤藝，柏小玲，王思荀，楊磊，陳思翰/ZHAI Hui,WANG Lihong,YUAN Zeyi,BO Xiaoling,WANG Sixun,YANG Lei,CHEN Sihan

施工圖設(shè)計(jì)/Design of Records:大理白族自治州城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院，大理國光古建園林有限公司/Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Urban and Rural Planning and Design Insitute,Dali Guoguang Ancient Garden Co.

施工圖設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team of Records:何昌，李順君，何蕓，楊建勇，馬春柱，丁文娟，朱仕平，柳偉/HE Chang,LI Shunjun,HE Yun,YANG Jianyong,MA Chunzhu,DING Wenjuan,ZHU Shiping,LIU Wei

總承建/General Contractor:大理國光古建園林有限公司/Dali Guoguang Ancient Garden Co.,Ltd.

總用地面積/Site Area:9126 m2

建筑面積/Floor Area:7090 m2

設(shè)計(jì)時間/Design Period:2011.03-2012.07

施工時間/Construction Period:2012.12-2014.03

開業(yè)時間/Open-up:2016.09

總投資/Total Cost:97,600,000 CNY

攝影/Photos:翟輝/ZHAI Hui (1,2,6-9),大理蘭林閣置業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司/Dali Lanlinge Real Estate Co.(10)

8 內(nèi)院/Inner courtyard

9 茶吧室內(nèi)/Interior view of Tea Bar

10 客房室內(nèi)/Interior view of guest room