張貝西 遵義航天高級(jí)中學(xué)

《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2017年版2020年修訂）》（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《新課標(biāo)》）指出學(xué)生在接受高中英語(yǔ)教育后應(yīng)具備文化意識(shí)。具體目標(biāo)中指出應(yīng)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲得文化知識(shí)和理解文化內(nèi)涵。隨時(shí)近年來(lái)全國(guó)新高考改革的普遍推行，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)文化節(jié)日在英語(yǔ)試題中出現(xiàn)得越來(lái)越多。其中，以人教版高中英語(yǔ)教材必修三第一單元為例，筆者嘗試將萬(wàn)圣節(jié)作為專(zhuān)題來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)，以期從不同試題角度幫助學(xué)生加深對(duì)外國(guó)節(jié)日的理解并熟悉該話(huà)題出現(xiàn)的不同題型。

一、教材原文回顧與分析

FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATLONS

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather，planting in spring and harvest in autumn.Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals.At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months.Today’s festivals have many origins，some religious，some seasonal，and some for special people or events.

Festivals of the Dead

Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm.For the Japanese festival.Obon，people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.In Mexico，people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.On this important feast day，people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with“bones”on them.They offer food，flowers and gifts to the dead.The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.It is now a children’s festival，when they can dress up and to to their neighbours’homes to ask for sweets.If the neighbours do not give any sweets，the children might play a trick on them.

分析：在人教版必修三第一單元Festivals around the world中，文章特意配圖萬(wàn)圣節(jié)來(lái)陳述萬(wàn)圣節(jié)與祭奠亡靈之間的關(guān)系，也是提醒學(xué)生節(jié)日與文化是不可分割的甚至是最重要的內(nèi)容。筆者希望以教材為綱，借助豐富的題型以促進(jìn)學(xué)生對(duì)國(guó)外節(jié)日與文化的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)。

二、學(xué)習(xí)文化意義助力解題完形填空

完形填空原創(chuàng)試題如下：

完形盲填訓(xùn)練（215words）

Halloween is 1 on October thirty-first.On that night，many people will dress up and look for frightening vampires（吸血鬼）or ghosts.They do this with the help of special clothing and face with different colors.

Halloween traditions developed from people in ancient Britain.They believed that spirits of the 2 would return to their homes on the day of the autumn feast（盛宴）. 3 ，they built huge fires to frighten spirits 4 when the night falls.They say that burning a candle 5 a hollow pumpkin recalls the fires many years ago in Britain.And they say that wearing a mask to hide a person's face is 6 to the way ancient villagers covered their faces to force spirits away.

On Halloween night，American 7 go from home to home crying"Trick or treat"!If the people in the houses do not give them a treat，the children may 8 a trick on them.

Some adults put on costumes and attend Halloween parties.They also 9 their houses.They might 10 the insides of pumpkins and cut funny faces on the surface.They place the burning candle inside.Some hang fake（假冒的）bats，spider webs and other things 11 the home.

三、制作南瓜燈助力學(xué)生解題七選五

借助萬(wàn)圣節(jié)這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，筆者嘗試讓學(xué)生親自制作南瓜燈，以調(diào)動(dòng)各項(xiàng)學(xué)習(xí)技能，達(dá)成學(xué)生互助互學(xué)的目的。在制作過(guò)程中，讓學(xué)生身臨其境感受萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的家庭氛圍，增強(qiáng)同學(xué)們的凝聚力。教師可以準(zhǔn)備豐富的有關(guān)話(huà)題的語(yǔ)篇材料。在南瓜燈制作結(jié)束后，筆者借用了一篇“如何制作南瓜燈”的文章，并將其改編為七選五。筆者計(jì)劃在班級(jí)進(jìn)行南瓜燈制作比賽，所以可以在南瓜燈制作完成以后再給學(xué)生做題，這樣還可以順便對(duì)學(xué)生制作的南瓜進(jìn)行自評(píng)、互評(píng)和教師點(diǎn)評(píng)。原創(chuàng)改編試題1如下：（381words）

How to light pumpkin for Halloween?

Step 1 Finish carving your pumpkin.

When carving the pumpkin，consider where to place the access hole for adding lighting. 1 The surrounding pumpkin will protect the lighting from being blown out and the hole is placed on the ground or a solid surface.

Step 2 Use candles.

Candles are the traditional way of lighting a pumpkin and they're still much in use today.For the pumpkin with a simple base hole：Light the candle first.For the pumpkin with the top lid：Don't try to light the candle first and then stick it down inside. 2 .You should firstly make sure it's sitting firmly on the base of the pumpkin and will not fall over.Then use a long fireplace match or a longer lighter，go through the front of the pumpkin，where it's carved.You won't burn yourself using this easy method.

Step 3 Create a chimney hole.

3 And it will eventually burn a hole in the top of the pumpkin and start cooking the pumpkin from the inside out.To deal with this，use the lid-cutter saw and cut out a little edge at the top and remove it.There will be a little chimney left to release the heat.

Step 4 4

If you're worried about the flames harming pets or kids，a battery powered light can provide a safe alternative，and they're inexpensive.You don't have to worry about leaving these unattended，and they won't blow out with the wind. 5 It is a good one for a monster pumpkin for a spooky（陰森可怕的）effect.

Be creative and use other lights you have around the place，such as flashlights，lamp lights，ball lights，etc.LED lights made for bikes，headlamps，etc.，can make cool pumpkin lights.

Step 5 Enjoy your lighted pumpkin display.

If you can，remember to take photos as lit pumpkins make for memorable photos.

A.Give kids a chance.

B.So it is really a nice choice.

C.Kids love the rainbow glow light.

D.Consider using different lights.

E.A bottom hole is ideal for windy nights.

F.You can burn your hand trying to do this.

G.Flame heat rises if left to burn for a few minutes.

[學(xué)情分析]本文制作的每一個(gè)步驟都能引起同學(xué)們的共鳴，所以在做完試題以后進(jìn)行點(diǎn)評(píng)，就進(jìn)展得很順利。比如，有一組同學(xué)放入的蠟燭過(guò)長(zhǎng)，燭火燒得很高，所以把南瓜烤的香氣撲鼻，但是也很害怕南瓜會(huì)被烤糊。筆者試問(wèn)學(xué)生：該如何避免這種情況發(fā)生？學(xué)生很快就回答道：應(yīng)該在南瓜的頂部開(kāi)個(gè)小口，讓火焰能從小孔那兒出來(lái)，避免直接把南瓜烤熟。這樣簡(jiǎn)單的試題訓(xùn)練能夠讓學(xué)生及時(shí)反思實(shí)踐中的問(wèn)題并找到有效的解決方法。

當(dāng)然還有一些別具一格的小組，比如為了營(yíng)造恐怖的氣憤，決定將燃燒的紙巾放進(jìn)南瓜燈內(nèi)代替蠟燭和LED燈，結(jié)果南瓜七竅生煙，整個(gè)教室瞬間烏煙瘴氣。這就不是開(kāi)不開(kāi)小孔能解決問(wèn)題的了。

在制作中，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)同學(xué)們對(duì)于南瓜燈的開(kāi)口方向其實(shí)是有自己的一番理解的，正常情況下，大多數(shù)人都會(huì)把南瓜蒂所在的那邊當(dāng)作頂部，然后圍繞著南瓜蒂切割出一個(gè)蓋子lip出來(lái)。所以當(dāng)他們得往里面放蠟燭的時(shí)候才發(fā)現(xiàn)，蠟燭根本在里面站不穩(wěn)，該怎么辦呢？七選五里有答案：不要用蠟燭，改用LED燈就可以了。而另一些同學(xué)想到了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，所以從底部且一個(gè)口，最后將蠟燭放在平面上，再把南瓜罩上去就制作完畢了。

文化意義的深度理解試題（摘自《創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)》）：

Should schools allow Halloween celebrations?

Halloween is one of the most celebrated holidays in the United States. 36 Many schools also celebrate the holiday by having kids dress up in costumes（服裝），take part in costume shows，and join in a variety of activities relating to Halloween.On October 31，the halls of schools across the country will be filled with princes，princesses，and superheroes.In addition to costumes，school Halloween celebrations often include classroom parties and trick-or-treating.

37 They also say that dressing up in costumes allows kids to express themselves and show off their creativity.

38 officials at many of those schools say the celebrations are too time-consuming（費(fèi)時(shí)的）and takeaway class time.They also point out that kids who can't afford costumes or who don't celebrate Halloween for cultural reasons feel left out.For example，Seth Boyden Elementary School in Maplewood，New Jersey，canceled its Halloween celebration last year.Officials at the school said that in the past，many students stayed home on that day.

39 Bree picower，a Professor of Early and Elementary Education at Montclair State，said，"Maple wood is a wonderful example of a school being responsive to society.Many schools plan to learn from it.Schools are places where students should feel included.'

Parents in Maplewood had different opinions of this policy，some said that the new no-Halloween policy was a welcome change. 40

A.It brings a lot of safety problems.

B.Experts say Maplewood is not alone.

C.Many people dislike these costumes.

D.Each year there are millions of Americans celebrating the holiday.

E.But more and more schools have canceled Halloween celebrations in recent years.

F.Many teachers，parents，and students see these celebrations as a fun break from the school day.

G.And others said that it was unfair that their children are now not allowed to celebrate Halloween in school.

語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是議論文，文章主要討論了學(xué)校設(shè)不該取消萬(wàn)圣節(jié)慶典活動(dòng)。

36.D[根據(jù)下一 句“Many schools also celebrate the holiday"可如設(shè)空處也與celebrate the holiday有關(guān)，故選D項(xiàng)。]

37.F[根據(jù)下一 們"They also say that...and show olther ertviy “可知，他們還認(rèn)為萬(wàn)圣節(jié)慶典活動(dòng)可以為孩子們帶來(lái)表露心聲、展示創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會(huì)。F項(xiàng)（許多老師、家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)生們把這些慶典活動(dòng)看作有趣的假期）與之銜接緊密。]

38.E[根據(jù)下一句“officials at many of those schools...take away class time."可知，這些學(xué)校的官員認(rèn)為萬(wàn)圣節(jié)活動(dòng)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，所以他們?nèi)∠巳f(wàn)圣節(jié)慶典活動(dòng)。故選E.]

39.B[根據(jù)下文中的“Many schools plan to learn from it.”可知，梅普爾伍德的學(xué)校取消萬(wàn)圣節(jié)慶典活動(dòng)的做法并不是個(gè)例。故選B.]

40.G[根據(jù)上句中的“Parents in Maplewood had different opinions of this policy”可知，家長(zhǎng)們對(duì)取消萬(wàn)圣節(jié)活動(dòng)的政策持不同的觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)G：“And others said that...”與上句中“some said that..."形成對(duì)比。]

四、教學(xué)總結(jié)

在寫(xiě)感悟的環(huán)節(jié)，筆者驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)孩子竟然都提到這是他們這十幾年來(lái)第一次過(guò)萬(wàn)圣節(jié)，以前都是看看聽(tīng)聽(tīng)，更別說(shuō)制作南瓜燈了。所以，這讓筆者覺(jué)得這是一個(gè)很好的文化交融和弘揚(yáng)中國(guó)文化的好時(shí)機(jī)。雖然是萬(wàn)圣節(jié)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)課，但是仍然有同學(xué)感悟到：萬(wàn)圣節(jié)在傳到中國(guó)以后被歪曲了，所以大家只是為了玩而沒(méi)有任何文化含義。筆者緊接著評(píng)論道，最近這幾年，隨著國(guó)人受教育水平的提高和國(guó)家正面積極地引導(dǎo)，使許多人能夠理性認(rèn)識(shí)外國(guó)文化，杜絕盲從。這得益于中國(guó)力量的強(qiáng)大，和中國(guó)人的素質(zhì)發(fā)展！

筆者希望，英語(yǔ)教育者能秉承培養(yǎng)有國(guó)家情懷的學(xué)生這一目標(biāo)，為黨育人，為國(guó)育才！