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        必修3 第1單元同步語法講練

        2020-10-26 02:25:46王立新
        考試與評價·高一版 2020年1期
        關(guān)鍵詞:肯定句否定句第三人稱

        王立新

        1. can與could的用法

        (1) 表示能力(could是過去式)。

        My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet now, but she couldnt last year. 我奶奶現(xiàn)在會網(wǎng)購了,但是去年她還不會。

        (2) 表示猜測,意為“可能”,一般用于疑問句和否定句(could是過去式)。

        Can this news be true? 這則消息是真的嗎?

        (3) 表示請求和許可(could表示更委婉的語氣,回答時只能用can)。

        —Can / Could I go now? 我現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎?

        —Yes, you can. 是的,可以。

        (4) 用于肯定的陳述句中,表示理論上或習慣上的可能性。

        As we all know, anyone can make mistakes. 我們都知道,任何人都可能犯錯。

        (5) 習慣用法“cannot... too...”表示“無論怎樣……都不過分,越……越好”。有時cannot可用can never代替。

        We cannot thank you too much for what youve done for us. 對于你們?yōu)槲覀兯龅囊磺?,我們怎么感激都不過分。

        【注意】 can與be able to

        (1) can只有現(xiàn)在時和過去時(could),而be able to則有更多的時態(tài)變化,在將來時、完成時和非謂語動詞中只能用be able to。

        (2) can一般指自身具有的能力,而be able to則表示經(jīng)過一段時間的努力后所具有的能力,相當于manage to do...或succeed in doing...。

        (3)在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中was / were able to與could沒有區(qū)別。

        This time I failed in the exam, but Ill be able to pass the exam next time. 這次我考試不及格,但下次考試我能及格。(經(jīng)過努力)

        She ran fast but she couldnt / wasnt able to catch the bus. 她跑得很快可還是沒能趕上公共汽車。

        2. may與might的用法

        (1) 表示允許、許可。might在語氣上比may更委婉。以may / might開頭的問句在否定回答中要用mustnt / cant。

        —May / Might I watch the program Keep Running after supper? 晚飯后我可以看節(jié)目《奔跑吧》嗎?

        —Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt / cant. 是的,可以。/不,不行。

        (2) 表示把握不大的推測,意為“可能”,用于肯定句。

        might語氣更加不肯定,指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?,只有在賓語從句中might do (be)才表示過去的可能性。

        I think he may come tomorrow. 我認為明天他可能會來。

        (3) may用于祈使句表示祝愿。

        May you succeed. 祝你成功。

        3. will與would的用法

        (1) 表示意志、意愿和決心。用于各種人稱,will指現(xiàn)在,would指過去。

        I will never do that again. 我再也不那樣做了。

        They said that they would fight against the haze. 他們說會與霧霾作斗爭的。

        (2) 表示請求、建議。用于第二人稱的疑問句,would表示更委婉的語氣。

        Will / Would you please take a message for me? 你能幫我捎個口信嗎?

        (3) 表示習慣性的動作,意為“總是;習慣于”。will指現(xiàn)在,would指過去。

        Fish will die without water. 沒有水魚兒就會死。

        (4) 用于否定句,表示“不肯;不樂意”。

        No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me. 無論我說什么,他就是不肯聽我的。

        【注意】 would與used to

        兩者均表示“過去常?!保玾ould僅表示過去的習慣性動作(不表狀態(tài)),現(xiàn)在有可能還如此,也可能不再那樣;used to既表示過去的動作也表示過去的狀態(tài),不過現(xiàn)在不再做或不再有那種狀態(tài)了。

        He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. 以前,他晚間常在樹林附近散步。

        He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. 他過去常在晚間到樹林附近散步。(而現(xiàn)在已不在那里散步了)

        4. shall與should的用法

        (1) shall用于第一、第三人稱的疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽?/p>

        What shall I / we do next? 我(們)下一步該做什么?

        When shall my brother be able to leave hospital? 我哥哥什么時候可以出院?

        (2) shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

        You shall go with me. (命令)你跟我走。

        You shall have a new dress for your birthday. (允諾)你在生日時會得到一件新裙子。

        He shall be punished. (威脅)他會受到懲罰的。

        (3) should表示勸告或建議,意為“應該”,其同義詞是ought to;還可表示可能性或表示驚訝、憤怒、失望等特殊情感。

        You should go to class right away. 你應該立刻去上課。

        Dont ask me. How should I know? 別問我。我怎么會知道?

        5. must的用法

        (1) 表示“必須”,語氣比should, ought to強烈。其否定形式為mustnt (不準;禁止)。

        You mustnt do that, because you must keep your word. 你不能那么做,因為你得遵守諾言。

        以must開頭的一般疑問句的肯定回答要用must,否定回答要用neednt / dont have to。

        —Must I finish the paper today? 今天我必須完成論文嗎?

        —Yes, you must. / No, you neednt / dont have to. 是的,你必須。/不,你不必。

        (2) 表示有把握的肯定推測,只能用在肯定句中,意為“一定;準是”;在否定句、疑問句中要用cant代替。

        You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 辛苦工作了一整天,你一定累了。(對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷)

        (3) 表示感情色彩,意為“偏偏;偏要”,常指令人不快的事情。

        The car must break down just when I was about to start. 我正要出發(fā)時車偏偏拋錨了。

        【練一練】

        I. 用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞完成課文原句。

        1. Most ancient festivals _______ celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.

        2. Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who _______ return either to help or to do harm.

        3. For the Japanese festival Obon, people _______ go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.

        4. Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals _______ be very happy events.

        5. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and _______ give children lucky money in red paper.

        II. 用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空。

        1. He _______ have the book when I finish reading.

        2. Even an experienced teacher _______ make mistakes.

        3. I havent decided where Im going for my holidays. I _______ go to Australia.

        4. You _______ be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago!

        5. When we lived in that village, we _______ often play together in the park there.

        6. “You _______ have a wrong number,” she

        said. “Theres no one of that name here.”

        7. Drivers _______ drive after drinking.

        8. She promised to come by 12:00. She _______ be here at any time.

        III. 從方框中選擇正確的情態(tài)動詞填空。

        may, must, can

        1. He looks so pale. He _______ be ill.

        2. They _______ be having a meeting, but Im not sure.

        3. I wonder whether this story _______ be true.

        would, used to

        4. Each time his mothers birthday came, he

        _______ buy her a present.

        5. He _______ be late for school, but now he is used to getting up early.

        shall, should

        6. Jim is waiting outside. _______ he come in?

        7. You _______ go to the doctor at once.

        mustnt, cant

        8. Tom, you _______ play with the dog; it may hurt you.

        9. —Is Jack on duty today?

        —It _______ be him. Its his turn tomorrow.

        10. The boy is so shy that he _______ express himself well.

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