項(xiàng)美姣 葛國(guó)平
[摘要] 目的 探討早期益生菌腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)對(duì)感染性休克患者營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)及臨床療效的影響。 方法 選取我院2017年1月~2018年12月接診的感染性休克患者64例,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字排列法將其分為兩組,每組32例,對(duì)照組采用常規(guī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)治療,觀察組采用早期益生菌腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù),觀察兩組患者治療前后營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況[血清白蛋白(Alb)、總蛋白(TP)、血紅蛋白(Hb)]以及炎癥因子[血清白細(xì)胞介素(IL-6、IL-8)以及腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)]變化情況。 結(jié)果 兩組患者干預(yù)后Alb、TP、Hb均低于干預(yù)前,觀察組干預(yù)后Alb、TP、Hb高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);兩組患者干預(yù)后IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α均低于干預(yù)前,觀察組干預(yù)后IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α低于對(duì)照組(P<0.01)。兩組干預(yù)后APACHEⅡ評(píng)分均低于干預(yù)前,干預(yù)后觀察組APACHEⅡ評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 早期益生菌腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)可改善患者營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)及炎癥因子水平。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 感染性休克;早期益生菌腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng);營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài);炎癥因子
[中圖分類號(hào)] R459.7 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2019)31-0018-04
Effect of early probiotic enteral nutrition on nutritional status and clinical efficacy in the patients with septic shock
XIANG Meijiao ? GE Guoping
ICU, Jinhua People's Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Jinhua ? 321000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of early probiotic enteral nutrition on nutritional status and clinical efficacy in the patients with septic shock. Methods 64 patients with septic shock who were admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to the random number method, with 32 patients in each group. The control group was given conventional nutritional therapy, and the observation group was given early probiotic enteral nutritional intervention. The changes in nutritional status [serum albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), hemoglobin (Hb)] and inflammatory factors [serum interleukin (IL-6, IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. Results Alb, TP and Hb were lower in the two groups after intervention than those before intervention. Alb, TP and Hb after intervention were higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05); IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were lower after intervention in the two groups than those before intervention. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α after intervention were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.01). The APACHE Ⅱ scores in the two groups after intervention were lower than those before intervention. The APACHE Ⅱ score in the observation group after intervention was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Early probiotic enteral nutritional intervention can improve the nutritional status and inflammatory factors of patients.
[Key words] Septic shock; Early probiotic enteral nutrition; Nutritional status; Inflammatory factors
本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者均采取早期腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù),在干預(yù)后Alb、TP、Hb均低于干預(yù)前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。其中Alb、TP、Hb均為反映機(jī)體營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況的常用指標(biāo),Alb下降提示機(jī)體處于營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良狀態(tài)或強(qiáng)烈應(yīng)激狀態(tài),為監(jiān)測(cè)危重癥患者營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)的重要指標(biāo)。TP、Hb為機(jī)體蛋白水平的常用監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo),在維持血液正常膠體滲透壓、pH值及運(yùn)輸多種代謝物、營(yíng)養(yǎng)等多種生物學(xué)過(guò)程中均具有明顯作用,不僅可用于監(jiān)測(cè)機(jī)體營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況,也可用于疾病的診斷及鑒別診斷。上述結(jié)果表明感染性休克患者均會(huì)表現(xiàn)不同程度的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。兩組干預(yù)后Alb、TP、Hb比較,觀察組Alb、TP、Hb明顯高于對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明觀察組所采取的腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)能夠更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況的維持,避免患者發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。這可能與觀察組營(yíng)養(yǎng)方案中的益生菌使用有關(guān)。益生菌為一種活性生物,可抵抗有害細(xì)菌侵襲[12,13],益生菌攜帶的半乳糖苷酶可改善腸道消化吸收功能,并可競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性地產(chǎn)生抑菌物質(zhì),增強(qiáng)抗炎功效。有研究表明[14],益生菌在進(jìn)入腸道之后,可分泌大量的細(xì)菌素,這些細(xì)菌素既可快速殺滅病原菌,又可發(fā)揮定植效果,增強(qiáng)益生菌的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。
基于此,我們進(jìn)一步觀察兩組營(yíng)養(yǎng)方案對(duì)機(jī)體炎癥指標(biāo)的影響,結(jié)果顯示兩組患者干預(yù)后IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α表達(dá)水平低于干預(yù)前(P<0.01),說(shuō)明通過(guò)早期腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)可控制炎癥。干預(yù)后觀察組IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α低于對(duì)照組(P<0.01),說(shuō)明加入益生菌的早期腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)能夠更好的實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)炎癥因子的控制。這主要與益生菌能夠?qū)艘蜃樱∟F-κB)激活的抑制作用有關(guān)。有研究表明[15,16],益生菌可促使NF-κB活化反應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)迅速阻斷,避免p60/p105入核,NF-κB無(wú)法被激活,轉(zhuǎn)錄翻譯出相應(yīng)炎癥因子功能受到抑制[17]。與此同時(shí),益生菌可以更好地促進(jìn)分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)的分泌[18],增強(qiáng)腸道免疫屏障作用,并可通過(guò)MAPK、NF-κB、Akt/PI3K等多個(gè)信號(hào)通路,發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)炎癥介質(zhì)水平的作用。另還有研究顯示[19,20],早期腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)可控制感染性休克炎癥因子水平,降低病死率,且在早期腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)中增加益生菌,控制炎癥因子效果更好,與本研究結(jié)論一致。
APACHEⅡ評(píng)分最早是在1985年由Knaus等提出,可動(dòng)態(tài)反映患者病情變化及定量監(jiān)測(cè)疾病嚴(yán)重程度的指標(biāo),可客觀地指導(dǎo)醫(yī)療計(jì)劃的進(jìn)行。該量表由年齡、急性生理病理改變、慢性健康情況3個(gè)部分組成,在感染性休克患者中,可用于評(píng)價(jià)患者病情、療效及預(yù)后。本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組干預(yù)后APACHEⅡ評(píng)分均顯著下降,觀察組下降程度大于對(duì)照組,這與韋廣瑩等[21]的研究結(jié)論一致。說(shuō)明觀察組治療方案可改善感染性休克患者慢性健康情況,減輕急性生理病理改變,從而利于患者早期康復(fù)。
綜上所述,在感染性休克患者的臨床治療中,早期益生菌腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)可改善患者營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況及炎癥因子水平。
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(收稿日期:2019-03-13)