譚莉莎 孫榮革 劉志紅
[摘要]目的 研究益生菌制劑對妊娠期糖尿?。℅DM)患者腸道微生物組成以及母嬰結(jié)局的影響。方法 選擇2017年3月~2018年9月在我院定期產(chǎn)檢的106例GDM患者作為研究對象,將其隨機分為對照組(50例)和治療組(56例)。兩組患者均進行血糖控制治療,治療組患者在孕齡28~37周時使用益生菌制劑治療。比較兩組患者的不良母嬰結(jié)局情況,采集兩組的糞便樣本,進行微生物檢測。結(jié)果 兩組患者治療前后豐度較高的菌均為擬桿菌屬、棲糞桿菌屬、普氏菌屬。兩組患者治療前的菌群豐度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);對照組患者治療前后的菌群豐度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療組患者治療后的擬桿菌屬和棲糞桿菌屬豐度均明顯低于治療前,普氏菌屬和另枝菌屬豐度均明顯高于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組患者治療前后的考拉桿菌屬、毛螺菌屬、副桿菌屬、布勞特氏菌屬、巨單胞菌屬豐度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療組患者治療后的擬桿菌屬、棲糞桿菌屬、考拉桿菌屬豐度均明顯低于對照組,普氏菌屬、另枝菌屬、毛螺菌屬豐度均明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者治療后的副桿菌屬、布勞特氏菌屬、巨單胞菌屬豐度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療組患者的不良母嬰結(jié)局總發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 使用益生菌制劑能夠減少GDM患者不良母嬰結(jié)局的發(fā)生,對GDM母娠結(jié)局的改善具有重要意義。
[關(guān)鍵詞]妊娠期糖尿病;腸道;不良母嬰結(jié)局;益生菌
[中圖分類號] R574? ? ? ? ? [文獻標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2019)10(b)-0118-04
[Abstract] Objective To study the influence of Probiotics Preparation on intestinal microbiota composition and maternal and infant outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A total of 106 patients with GDM who underwent regular check-ups in our hospital from March 2017 to September 2018 were enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into the control group (50 cases) and the treatment group (56 cases). Both groups of patients were treated with glycemic control, and the patients in the treatment group were treated with Probiotics Preparation at 28-37 weeks of gestational age. The incidence of adverse maternal and child outcomes in the two groups were compared, and the stool samples of the two groups were collected for microbiological detection. Results The bacteria with higher abundance before and after treatment in the two groups were all Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium and Prevotella. There was no significant difference in the abundance of the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the abundance of the control group between before treatment and after treatment (P>0.05). The abundances of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium in the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, the abundances of Prevotella and Alistipes were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the abundances of Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospira, Parabacteroides, Blautia and Megamonas between before treatment and after treatment in the treatment group (P>0.05). The abundances of Faecalibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium in the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group, the abundances of Prevotella, Alistipes and Lachnospira were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the abundances of Parabacteroides, Blautia and Megamonas between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). The total incidence rate of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The use of Probiotics Preparation can reduce the incidence of adverse maternal and child outcomes in GDM patients, which is important for the improvement of maternal outcomes in GDM.
采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料采用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組患者治療前后腸道微生物分布結(jié)果的比較
兩組患者治療前后豐度較高的菌均為擬桿菌屬、棲糞桿菌屬、普氏菌屬。
兩組患者治療前的菌群豐度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);對照組患者治療前后的菌群豐度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療組患者治療后的擬桿菌屬和棲糞桿菌屬豐度均明顯低于治療前,普氏菌屬和另枝菌屬豐度均明顯高于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組患者治療前后的考拉桿菌屬、毛螺菌屬、副桿菌屬、布勞特氏菌屬、巨單胞菌屬豐度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療組患者治療后的擬桿菌屬、棲糞桿菌屬、考拉桿菌屬豐度均明顯低于對照組,普氏菌屬、另枝菌屬、毛螺菌屬豐度均明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者治療后的副桿菌屬、布勞特氏菌屬、巨單胞菌屬豐度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2兩組患者不良母嬰結(jié)局總發(fā)生率的比較
治療組患者的不良母嬰結(jié)局總發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表2)。
3討論
GDM的發(fā)病率正在全球上升,GDM對女性及其后代產(chǎn)生長期影響,包括孕婦及后代肥胖、代謝綜合征和2型糖尿病的風(fēng)險增加。研究認為,這可能通過微生物組傳播[7]。有研究顯示[8-9],腸道微生物具有調(diào)控糖代謝的作用,如羅斯氏菌和柔嫩梭菌能產(chǎn)生丁酸,提高機體胰島素敏感性。此外,柔嫩梭菌、阿克曼氏菌都因為在肥胖、2型糖尿病中對代謝起有利作用而成為潛在的治療靶點。相關(guān)研究[10]顯示,益生菌可以預(yù)防治療2型糖尿病。臨床研究[11-14]顯示,益生菌對防治2型糖尿病具有一定有效性,能降低患者血糖血脂等生化指標(biāo),其有效性主要與益生菌制劑的菌株選擇、存活的細胞濃度和配方有關(guān)。益生菌的這種作用主要與其對腸道微生物的影響有關(guān),提示益生菌能通過調(diào)控腸道微生物來調(diào)節(jié)糖尿病患者的糖代謝。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,擬桿菌屬、棲糞桿菌屬、普氏菌屬是兩組治療前豐度最高的3個菌屬,這與之前的研究相似[2]。有研究顯示,GDM患者相對于正常孕婦,腸道細菌豐富度增加,厚壁菌門、擬桿菌和放線菌減少[11-14],而益生菌具有調(diào)節(jié)腸道菌群,有利于腸道菌群恢復(fù)正常的作用[15-19]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療組患者的不良母嬰結(jié)局總發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示益生菌治療的GDM患者其不良妊娠結(jié)局發(fā)生率明顯降低,這可能是因為益生菌調(diào)節(jié)GDM患者腸道菌群,有利于其血糖、血脂等指標(biāo)的恢復(fù),從而減少巨大兒等不良妊娠結(jié)局的發(fā)生。
綜上所述,使用益生菌制劑能夠減少GDM患者不良母嬰結(jié)局的發(fā)生,對GDM母娠結(jié)局的改善具有重要意義。但是本研究也存在不足,如樣本量較少、所選擇的孕婦多為本地人、受外界因素影響較小,所以得出的結(jié)果不足以代表所有GDM患者的腸道菌群特征,還有待進一步的研究。
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(收稿日期:2019-04-12? 本文編輯:任秀蘭)