Sasaki事務(wù)所

戴爾醫(yī)學(xué)院及附屬教學(xué)醫(yī)院戴爾塞頓醫(yī)療中心地處奧斯汀中部德州大學(xué)奧斯汀分校校園。占地逾6.5 hm2的醫(yī)學(xué)區(qū)是市內(nèi)最大的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)的一部分，不僅為醫(yī)學(xué)院全院師生及訪客提供服務(wù)，更在校園景觀中創(chuàng)造出一片新風(fēng)貌，立下全新的生態(tài)績(jī)效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

1 醫(yī)學(xué)區(qū)第一期工程實(shí)施著重在現(xiàn)有的路網(wǎng)和沃勒溪走廊The key organizing elements of the phase 1 medical district plan are the existing street grid and the Waller Creek corridor

戴爾醫(yī)學(xué)區(qū)的景觀設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程是Sasaki及顧問(wèn)團(tuán)隊(duì)過(guò)去2年規(guī)劃工作的延續(xù)，項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)先后在2012—2014年為大學(xué)制定了校園總體規(guī)劃、醫(yī)學(xué)區(qū)總體規(guī)劃以及德州大學(xué)奧斯汀分校景觀總體規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)則。與之前的總體規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目一樣，戴爾醫(yī)學(xué)區(qū)的景觀設(shè)計(jì)同樣以多元包容、覆蓋廣泛的工作進(jìn)程為方針。這樣一來(lái)，景觀開(kāi)發(fā)和維護(hù)人員以及項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)之間早已確立的合作關(guān)系得以延續(xù)，為項(xiàng)目帶來(lái)最大裨益。

2012—2014年期間制定的總體規(guī)劃方案皆以德州大學(xué)獨(dú)有的歷史文脈出發(fā)，在深度和廣度上對(duì)校園未來(lái)的拓展和優(yōu)化進(jìn)程奠定框架。以醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生為焦點(diǎn)的校區(qū)成功落實(shí)，充分反映了總體規(guī)劃的全面愿景—即打造一個(gè)融會(huì)貫通、滿(mǎn)足醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生用途的區(qū)域，復(fù)興沃勒溪（Waller Creek）走廊，以及加強(qiáng)區(qū)域與奧斯汀市的連接。曾被荒廢的沃勒溪重新被視為校區(qū)的重要資產(chǎn)和開(kāi)放空間，發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵的連接作用?；謴?fù)沃勒溪的醫(yī)學(xué)區(qū)段是將其納入廣域校園景觀的首要一步，這對(duì)景觀的視覺(jué)美感和實(shí)際功能都是必不可少的舉措。

在歷時(shí)一年半的沃勒溪復(fù)興過(guò)程中，多種措施得到實(shí)施，其中包括在附近的自然保護(hù)區(qū)種植一個(gè)參照植物群落，移除外來(lái)入侵植物，穩(wěn)固河岸，以及恢復(fù)原生河岸和高地植被的多樣性。團(tuán)隊(duì)實(shí)際開(kāi)展的工作涵蓋建造雨水花園，并在重要區(qū)域進(jìn)行土壤修復(fù)。這些工作一旦確立到位，校園的大多數(shù)景觀區(qū)域?qū)o(wú)須依賴(lài)人工灌溉。

街道景觀和廣場(chǎng)區(qū)的設(shè)計(jì)除了鼓勵(lì)人際互動(dòng)，更將校園與周邊城市環(huán)境聯(lián)系起來(lái)。醫(yī)學(xué)區(qū)的景觀規(guī)劃旨在強(qiáng)化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)，成為一個(gè)具有抗災(zāi)力且易于維護(hù)的景觀典范。雨水花園、透水鋪裝、雨水回收設(shè)備和綠色屋頂?shù)榷喾N融合雨水管理功能的基地設(shè)施，更讓訪客有機(jī)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)和探索本地氣候和水文環(huán)境。

為在校園社區(qū)提倡身心健康的價(jià)值，項(xiàng)目其中一項(xiàng)措施是接收13株從美術(shù)學(xué)院主校區(qū)移栽過(guò)來(lái)的老橡樹(shù)。對(duì)歷史悠久的主校區(qū)而言，橡樹(shù)極具標(biāo)志意義。橡樹(shù)優(yōu)美形態(tài)及其帶來(lái)的許多生態(tài)價(jià)值使這種樹(shù)木備受喜愛(ài)，廣闊的樹(shù)蔭更在奧斯汀的氣候環(huán)境中發(fā)揮作用。移栽后的橡樹(shù)把美術(shù)校區(qū)濃厚的歷史氛圍延伸到簇新的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生校區(qū)，高聳林立的橡樹(shù)群體，為現(xiàn)代化的建筑增添絲絲綠意和平衡觀感。

2 戴爾醫(yī)學(xué)院位于占地面積178 hm2（440英畝）的德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的南端，是學(xué)校重點(diǎn)發(fā)展的區(qū)域之一。當(dāng)前，德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的本科生人數(shù)為40 500人The Dell Medical Campus is located on the south edge of the 178 hm2 (440 acres) University of Texas at Austin campus.The medical campus is one of the major growth areas of the campus.Today, the undergraduate enrollment at UT Austin is 40,500

3 白天的德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校醫(yī)學(xué)院UT Austin Dell Medical Campus during the day

4 建設(shè)前的沃勒溪走廊是一個(gè)被人遺忘并且未被開(kāi)發(fā)的自然資產(chǎn)。走廊上曾經(jīng)遍布的入侵植物現(xiàn)已被移除，為本土濱水植物群落提供了發(fā)展空間Prior to development, the Waller Creek corridor was a forgotten and unexploited natural asset.The corridor was overgrown with invasive vegetation which was removed to encourage a native riparian savanna plant community

5 夜幕中的德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校醫(yī)學(xué)院UT Austin Dell Medical Campus at night

6 步行走廊兩側(cè)種植了愛(ài)德華玆高原以及黑土草原生物區(qū)的本土植物Pedestrian corridors are flanked with savanna vegetation native to the Edward’s Plateau and Blackland Prairie bioregions

獲得SITES金級(jí)認(rèn)證的戴爾醫(yī)學(xué)區(qū)景觀設(shè)計(jì)方案，將德州大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的可持續(xù)場(chǎng)地開(kāi)發(fā)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)推上新層次。憑借新設(shè)計(jì)的景觀元素，基地盡享以下各種實(shí)際好處：減少用水量、改善雨水質(zhì)量、減少土壤侵蝕、提升棲息地價(jià)值以及提高景觀韌性。全新打造的開(kāi)放空間使校園變得愜意舒適，以人為本，與周邊社區(qū)和環(huán)境緊密相連，充分反映項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)愿景。人類(lèi)與環(huán)境作為同一個(gè)功能體系在新校園相互協(xié)作，一起構(gòu)建更健康、更美滿(mǎn)的未來(lái)。

（編輯/遆羽靜）

項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng)：戴爾醫(yī)學(xué)區(qū)景觀設(shè)計(jì)

項(xiàng)目位置：美國(guó)德州奧斯汀市

業(yè)主名稱(chēng)：德克薩斯州大學(xué)奧斯汀分校

現(xiàn)況：2017年秋季完成

規(guī)模：逾6.5 hm2（16.2英畝）

服務(wù)范圍：景觀建筑

圖片來(lái)源：圖1～3、6～7、9～13來(lái)自Sasaki事務(wù)所；圖4～5來(lái)自Albert Vecerka；圖8來(lái)自戴爾醫(yī)學(xué)院

7 兩個(gè)廣場(chǎng)都被用于社交集會(huì)，其中一個(gè)廣場(chǎng)位于臨床樓與研究樓之間，連接了三一街與紅河街Two plaza spaces serve as social gathering spaces.One plaza is located between the clinical and research facilities and connects Trinity street to Red River Street

8 這些樹(shù)栽植于廣場(chǎng)下的土壤中，廣闊的樹(shù)冠為第17街廣場(chǎng)的休息空間提供了蔭蔽。該廣場(chǎng)的鋪裝使用了面板支撐機(jī)構(gòu)Sitting areas at the 17th Street Plaza will be shaded by native canopy trees.The trees are planted in soil below the palza level.The plaza paving is supported by a deck support system

9 人行走廊兩側(cè)種植了愛(ài)德華茲高原和黑土草原生物區(qū)的稀樹(shù)草原鄉(xiāng)土植被。這張照片呈現(xiàn)出了種植著北美小須芒草的第17街步行走廊Pedestrian corridors are flanked with savanna vegetation native to the Edward’s Plateau and Blackland Prairie bioregions.This view shows the 17th Street pedestrian corridor planted with Little Bluestem (Schizacharium scoparium)

10 所有來(lái)自該基地的雨水都經(jīng)由生態(tài)濕地凈化后再進(jìn)入溪流系統(tǒng)All of the storm water from the development is treated in vegetated bioswales (foreground) that cleanse storm water before it enters the creek system

11 建設(shè)前，13棵老橡樹(shù)被移植。 這些樹(shù)的胸徑在45.72～60.96 cm （18～24英寸）之間Prior to construction, 13 mature Live Oak trees were identified for transplanting.The trees averaged 45.72～60.96 cm(18～24 inches) in trunk diameter

12 在廣場(chǎng)和道路鋪裝區(qū)的樹(shù)都種植于被木板路面系統(tǒng)保護(hù)著的土壤之中Plaza and street trees in paved areas are planted in soils protected by a plank pavement system

The Dell Medical School and its teaching hospital, Dell Seton Medical Center, are part of a vibrant health district that is one of Austin’s largest development projects.The 6.5 hm2(16.2 acres)development is located in central Austin on the University of Texas campus—serving the faculty,staff, students and visitors of the Dell Medical School and setting a new image and ecological performance standard for the UT Austin landscape.

The design process for the Dell Medical District landscape was a seamless extension of two previous years of planning by Sasaki and the consultant team.The team had already developed the 2012 Campus Master Plan, the 2013 Medical District Master Plan, and the 2014 UT Austin Campus Landscape Master Plan and Design Guidelines.The development of the Dell Medical District landscape plan employed the same broad-based,inclusive process that characterized the preceding master plans, furthering established collaborations with those responsible for the development and maintenance of the campus landscape.

The 2012—2014 University master plans established a framework for campus growth and improvement unique in the campus’s history in scope and depth.The successful implementation of the Health Campus realized the master plan’s comprehensive vision for a coherent district of health-related uses, the reclamation of the Waller Creek corridor, and the strengthening of connections to the City of Austin.

Once neglected, Waller Creek is now celebrated as a campus asset and important connective open space.Reclaiming the medical district segment of the creek is a first step towards reintegration of this important visual and functional landscape feature into the larger campus.

Restoration of Waller Creek was an 18-month long process that included establishing a reference plant community at a nearby Nature Conservancy preserve, the removal of invasive species, stream bank stabilization and the re-vegetation of diverse native riparian and upland communities.The work involved the creation of rain gardens and the remediation of soils for significant areas.Once established, most areas of the campus landscape will not require irrigation.

Streetscapes and plaza areas encourage social engagement and connect the campus to its surrounding urban environment.The Medical District landscape plan is designed to enhance ecosystem services and to be a model for a resilient and affordable-to-maintain landscape.Stormwater management features were designed as site amenities to connect visitors to the local climate and hydrology—through a combination of rain gardens, pervious pavers, rainwater harvesting, and a green roof.

The University’s commitment to the health and well-being of the campus community drove the project to undertake the relocation of 13 mature Live Oak trees.Live Oaks are emblematic features of the historic Beaux Arts main campus, beloved for their beauty and the many ecosystem benefits they provide, including welcome shade in the Austin climate.The transplanted Oaks extend the best aspects of the historic campus to the new Health Campus district.The majestic trees confer instant grace on developed areas, offsetting the presence of large heath care facilities.

The Dell Medical District landscape sets a new standard for sustainable site development on the UT Austin campus, achieving SITES Gold Certification.The reduction of water consumption, improved stormwater quality,reduced soil erosion, increased habitat value, and enhanced landscape resilience are tangible benefits of the new landscape.The overall design vision is expressed in the new open, inviting, and peoplecentered campus, connected to its environment and community.On the new campus, people and the environment work together as a functioning system, focused on improving health.

13 街道景觀的塑造中使用了一些本土的橡樹(shù)（Quercus polymorpha與 Quercus muhlenbergii）以及北美小須芒草（Schizacharium scoparium）Streetscapes are defined with plantings of native oak trees (Quercus polymorpha and Quercus muhlenbergii) and little bluestem prairie grass (Schizacharium scoparium)