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        三相八開關(guān)容錯逆變器的PMSM驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)FCS-MPC策略

        2019-07-22 04:38:54張斌許偉奇戴乾軍
        電機與控制學(xué)報 2019年6期
        關(guān)鍵詞:永磁同步電機

        張斌 許偉奇 戴乾軍

        摘 要關(guān)鍵詞:三相八開關(guān)容錯逆變器;有限控制集模型預(yù)測控制;擴張狀態(tài)觀測器;永磁同步電機;開關(guān)頻率

        DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2019.06.000

        中圖分類號文獻標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號:1007 -449X(2019)06 -0000 -00

        Abstract:The operation mode of driving system under fault conditions is studied aiming at the single bridge arm fault and unbalanced bus voltage dividing of PNC threelevel inverter, a drive control strategy is proposed for three phases eightswitch faulttolerant inverter (TPESFTI) with current feedback characteristics, and its topology and output voltage model are constructed.Combined model predictive control theory with extended state observer (ESO) technology, a finite control set model predictive control is proposed for PMSM systems Driven by three phase eightswitch faulttolerant inverter. Considering the influence of system parameter changes on the back EMF, an observer is designed by extended state observer(ESO) technology to realize the realtime estimation of the back EMF. At the same time, the nonlinear constraint term of the objective function in FCSMPC is used to reduce the switching frequency of the inverter. The simulation results show that the control strategy can ensure the reliable and stable operation of TPESFTI drive PMSM system, which can not only effectively suppress the adverse effect resulting from the unbalance of DC link capacitor voltages on the system and reduce switching loss, but also with good dynamic performance as well as strong load resistance and robustness .

        Keywords: threephase eightswitch faulttolerant inverter; finite control set model predictive control; extended state observe; permanent magnet synchronous; switch frequency

        0 引 言

        1981年Naba A等[1]學(xué)者對三電平逆變器(neutral point clamped, NPC)進行深入地研究分析,并獲得了其拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)和空間電壓矢量。與常規(guī)三相兩電平相比,三相NPC型三電平逆變器具備優(yōu)良的諧波頻譜,較小的功率管承電壓力和開關(guān)損耗以及高效性等顯著優(yōu)勢;因此,在交流電機驅(qū)動領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用最為廣泛[2-11]。由于NPC型三電平逆變器結(jié)構(gòu)需要更多的功率管器件,從而會導(dǎo)致其可靠性降低,一旦某橋臂故障(即短路和斷路)時將會使驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)停止運行,甚至?xí)绊懫渌到y(tǒng)的安全運行,并且造成不可估量的經(jīng)濟損失[12]。在某些交流傳動控制領(lǐng)域中對驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的可靠性要求較高,即使逆變器發(fā)生故障時,系統(tǒng)仍能持續(xù)穩(wěn)定運行。因此,為了提高三電平逆變器驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的可靠性,將對其容錯控制技術(shù)的研究具有更重要意義。

        近些年來,海內(nèi)外學(xué)者對三電平逆變器的容錯控制進行深入研究,目前,NPC型三電平逆變器的容錯控制技術(shù)成為熱門的研究課題[13-21]。NPC型三電平逆變器的任何一橋臂發(fā)生短路或斷路時,最常用的兩種容錯控制拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)為:“三橋臂”和“四橋臂”[20]。文獻[13-18]采用的是三橋臂容錯拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)的方法;其實質(zhì)是逆變器的某一橋臂故障時,在不需要增添冗余主橋臂基礎(chǔ)上,將連接故障橋臂相和直流母線兩電容中點,即為三相八開關(guān)逆變器(threephases eightswitch Inverter,TPESI)的容錯控制策略。文獻[19-21]采取的是四橋臂容錯拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)的方法;其方法是在原有逆變器的基礎(chǔ)之上增添一個結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同的冗余主橋壁,若逆變器的某橋臂出現(xiàn)故障,故障橋臂相則會被冗余主橋臂所替代,其工作原理與三相十二開關(guān)逆變器(threephase twelveswitch inverter, TPTSI)的運行相同;但是由于該驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的功率管數(shù)目增加,容易降低整個控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性,并且顯著地增加了系統(tǒng)的成本。相比四橋臂容錯拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)的方法,TPESI容錯控制(即三橋臂容錯拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)的方法)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低等特點。在三相八開關(guān)容錯逆變器(threephase eightswitch fault tolerant inverter, TPESFTI)的驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)中直流母線電容分壓不均衡時,該驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)輸出信號(即電壓和電流)的諧波含量高,將會導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)的控制性能降低?;谏鲜鰡栴}的分析,文獻[18]研究分析了TPESFTI直流側(cè)兩電容電壓波動(即分壓不均衡)機理,并采用注入零序電壓來抑制其波動。因此,對TPESFTI的電容電壓不平衡進行抑制具有重要的研究意義。

        永磁同步電機(permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM)具備簡單易行、效率高和功率因數(shù)大等突出優(yōu)勢[3];因此,近年來學(xué)者們致力于在航天、工業(yè)機器人和數(shù)控機床等領(lǐng)域引起廣泛關(guān)注和研究。最常用的PMSM系統(tǒng)的控制策略有直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制(direct torque control, DTC)法和矢量控制(field oriental control, FOC)方法兩類。隨后,一種高效可靠的有限控制集模型預(yù)測控制(finite control set model predictive control, FCSMPC)策略相繼被提出[22-23]。與FOC和DTC策略相比,F(xiàn)CSMPC具有良好的動態(tài)性能,簡單易行,并且能夠有效地解決非約束項等問題[24-25]。傳統(tǒng)FCSMPC需要在一個采樣時刻(即采樣周期)預(yù)測出逆變器所有效電壓矢量下的開關(guān)狀態(tài)變量,從而尋找出最佳的開關(guān)狀態(tài);但其運算量大將成為在交流電機領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用的主要瓶頸[14]。為了解決上述問題,張永昌等[28]提出了一種改進型的電流模型用預(yù)測控制策略,其不僅能夠相應(yīng)地降低系統(tǒng)計算量,而且補償了系統(tǒng)的延時;該控制策略利用過去時刻的電壓、電流來預(yù)測系統(tǒng)的反電動勢項;但是當(dāng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部不確定項(即電機參數(shù))發(fā)生突變時,反電動勢項的精確性將直接影響控制系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)性能。

        4 結(jié) 論

        本文研究了PNC型三電平逆變器單橋臂故障和母線電壓分壓不均衡等條件下的永磁同步PMSM有限控制集模型預(yù)測控制策略。針對PNC型三電平逆變器單橋臂故障和母線電壓分壓不均衡等問題,將電流反饋特性應(yīng)用到三相八開關(guān)容錯逆變器(TPESFTI)的驅(qū)動控制中;考慮系統(tǒng)參數(shù)變化對反電動勢的影響,構(gòu)造出基于ESO的反電動勢辨識方法;為了降低逆變器的開關(guān)頻率,通過在FCSMPC中的目標(biāo)函數(shù)添加非線性約束來實現(xiàn)。仿真結(jié)果表明,該控制策略能夠保證TPESFTI的PMSM驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)可靠穩(wěn)定運行,并且能夠有效地抑制直流側(cè)母線電容分壓不均對系統(tǒng)的影響以及降低驅(qū)動逆變器的開關(guān)損耗,同時提高了控制系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)性能。

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        (編輯:賈志超)

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