王卓
關(guān)鍵詞: 虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù); 三維重建; 視覺傳達(dá); 用戶體驗; 人機(jī)交互; OpenGL
中圖分類號: TN911.73?34; TP391 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼: A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號: 1004?373X(2019)01?0062?03
Abstract: A three?dimensional (3D) image virtual reconstruction system based on visual communication effect was designed to improve the quality of user experience and efficiency of human?computer interaction. The functional framework diagram and hardware structure diagram of the 3D image reconstruction system are given. In combination with the basic theory of visual communication design, the characteristics of different elements in 3D image system and reasonable visual communication forms are analyzed, and the design principle is proposed to improve the user experience and communication efficiency. The input image is preprocessed with median filtering, and then the 3D reconstruction algorithm based on image sequence is used to perform the 3D reconstruction for the preprocessed image. Visual C++ and 3DMAX are used as the system design platform, and the visualization and roaming of 3D image are realized by means of OpenGL. The experimental results show that the designed system has high reconstruction accuracy and user satisfaction.
Keywords: virtual reality technology; three?dimensional reconstruction; visual communication; user experience; human?computer interaction; OpenGL
近十年來,隨著設(shè)備計算性能的不斷提升,虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)得到了快速的發(fā)展。傳統(tǒng)意義上的虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)就是一個計算機(jī)三維仿真系統(tǒng),該仿真系統(tǒng)能夠通過計算機(jī)模擬出虛擬環(huán)境,甚至是虛擬的世界,使用戶有身臨其境的感受[1]。虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)是一門綜合性較強(qiáng)的復(fù)合型技術(shù),主要涉及計算機(jī)建模技術(shù)、人機(jī)交互技術(shù)、傳感器、圖形圖像處理技術(shù)和仿真技術(shù)。虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)不僅可以影響用戶的視覺體驗,還能影響聽覺、觸覺和力覺等非視覺體驗?,F(xiàn)階段,虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)已在醫(yī)學(xué)、教育、軍事和文化等領(lǐng)域中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用[2]。
基于圖像的三維重建算法是虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),也是近期研究的熱點方向[3]。例如,文獻(xiàn)[4]提出一種基于因子分解的非定標(biāo)多視圖像高精度三維重建算法。文獻(xiàn)[5]提出一種基于陣列圖像的自適應(yīng)光場三維重建算法。但是,目前絕大多數(shù)基于虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)的三維圖像重建系統(tǒng)均側(cè)重于采用更加先進(jìn)的設(shè)備或者更加先進(jìn)的重建算法,而忽略了用戶體驗質(zhì)量和人機(jī)交互效率的問題。此外,傳統(tǒng)二維圖形用戶界面的設(shè)計原則是平面化的理念,已經(jīng)無法適應(yīng)三維空間的交互體驗需求,無法提供更好的視覺傳達(dá)和交互體驗。文獻(xiàn)[6]對二維動畫和三維動畫在視覺傳達(dá)中的演變過程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)研究,驗證了視覺傳達(dá)原理在三維圖形設(shè)計中的可行性和適用性。
因此,本文提出基于視覺傳達(dá)效果的三維圖像虛擬重建系統(tǒng),能夠改善用戶體驗,提高人機(jī)交互效率。
為了驗證所設(shè)計三維圖像虛擬重建系統(tǒng)的有效性, 采用Visual C++與3DMAX作為系統(tǒng)設(shè)計平臺,并通過OpenGL對某綜合商業(yè)樓盤的三維圖像可視化進(jìn)行具體實現(xiàn)。最終實現(xiàn)的三維圖像虛擬場景具有符合視覺傳達(dá)設(shè)計原則的用戶界面,如圖3所示。
此外,為了進(jìn)行實驗對比分析,分別采用本文系統(tǒng)和文獻(xiàn)[8]提出的立體視覺系統(tǒng)對某小區(qū)樓盤圖像進(jìn)行三維重建,對重建后的精度和用戶滿意度進(jìn)行比較,得到的結(jié)果如表1所示。
從表1中可以看出,在對不同圖像進(jìn)行三維重建的精度結(jié)果方面,本文設(shè)計的三維圖像虛擬重建系統(tǒng)與文獻(xiàn)[8]中的立體視覺系統(tǒng)結(jié)果大致相同。但是在用戶滿意度方面,本文系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)出更好的優(yōu)勢,這是因為有效運用了視覺傳達(dá)效果的設(shè)計原則。實驗結(jié)果說明本文設(shè)計系統(tǒng)具有較好的重建準(zhǔn)確性和有效性。
本文設(shè)計了一種基于視覺傳達(dá)效果的三維圖像虛擬重建系統(tǒng)。為了驗證所設(shè)計系統(tǒng)的有效性,將本文系統(tǒng)與立體視覺系統(tǒng)三維重建的精度和用戶滿意度進(jìn)行對比可知,本文所設(shè)計系統(tǒng)具有較好的重建精度和用戶滿意度。
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