亚洲免费av电影一区二区三区,日韩爱爱视频,51精品视频一区二区三区,91视频爱爱,日韩欧美在线播放视频,中文字幕少妇AV,亚洲电影中文字幕,久久久久亚洲av成人网址,久久综合视频网站,国产在线不卡免费播放

        ?

        The Language Choice and Features in Michelle Obama’s Speech on Supporting Hillary Clinton

        2018-11-08 10:06:14王安琪
        速讀·下旬 2018年11期
        關(guān)鍵詞:分析

        Abstract:Broadly speaking,the language in use,whether spoken or written,is discourse (Lin Wei & Yang Yuchen,2007).Public Speaking is the process or act of performing a speech to a live audience which can both considered as spoken discourse and written discourse.This essay aims at analyzing Michelle Obamas speech on supporting Hillary Clinton mainly from discourse analysis approach,in which the first part focuses on specific language choice in the discourse and the last three parts emphasize on its uniqueness and linguistic features.

        Key words:Language Choice;Features

        1 Language Choice: the Use of No.(,) and our

        People need to select language form and content in the light of individual demand and actual context.Functional linguistics holds that language is a matter of choice.Different language choices differ in meanings and materialize different functions.Language user,as the decision maker of the language choice,is bound to affect language use owning to her/his own roles and relationships with hearer/reader and other complex factors.In other words,there is a relationship between language use and language user.

        Michelle Obama gave the speech as first lady of United States in 2016.The social status determines that each word she uttered should give a very careful consideration of its intentionality and acceptability.One feature of the speech is the use of short sentence No.(,) which appears four times in the whole speech.

        (1)No,our motto is...

        (2)...not Democrat or Republican,not left or right.No,in this election and every election is about who will have the power to shape our children...

        (3)No,we listen to each other...

        (4)No,hear me.

        The information delivered afterward in the first three sentences are all important and convincing arguments in the speech.(4) is a command utterance,reminding the hearer that the following part is of vital importance.Short sentences have the overt merits of being easy to catch and follow,easy to get the meaning.Using the negative word No as a whole sentence is in conformity with the role of first lady because its firm and decisiveness are able to appeal the audiences trust and confidence,thereby uniting the Democratic Party.From phonetics perspective,the pronunciation of No.(,) is short and brief.Message delivered in this way in public speech seems to be more powerful and effective.

        The language choice on lexical level also worth close scrutiny.Take the flexible use of our in the discourse,for example.“Our” is a possessive pronoun which is based on hearer/readers inference within the context.In this speech discourse,our daughters,our girls/children/kids occur frequently using to refer to either the speakers daughters or anyones kids in the country.For the sake of convenience,a brief statistics of the utterance of our have been shown in table 1-1.

        Table 1-1 The relevant statistics on the utterance of our

        According to the table,it is found that there is a gradual transition in terms of the personal reference as the right column shows.The speaker Michelle initially use our for referring to her and president Obamas daughters (paragraph 3,4,6).Paragraph 7 is a transitional paragraph,in which our appears twice.For the first time,pronouns in the sentence With every word we utter,with every action we take,we know our kids are watching us like we and our have ambiguous references.It seems to refer to the speaker and Barack Obama and their kids at first thought,but it also appeals everyone to associate themselves.The word we lead the audience to think about themselves and our about their sons and daughters.If arousing sympathy among the audiences is one of the key element in a successful speech,the speaker Michelle has made it at this point.And the speaker explicit the target people not just to our girls,but the children across this country afterwards.From paragraph 8,our begins to refer to the overall kids in the whole nation.Therefore,a natural and smooth transition has been gradually threaded through the discourse.This “design” not only advance the speech naturally but also make the opinions more appealing and acceptable. Moreover,the word our could shorten the distance between speakers and hearers in spite of the wide disparity on social status (between the president or the First lady and the fellow civilians).

        2 Parallelism: A Noticeable Rhetoric Device and An Unnoticeable Cohesive Device

        Parallelism is one of the most common techniques in public speaking and is widely used in all kinds of speeches.In this discourse,parallelism is defined as repetition of the same syntactic form and is marked by underlines in the analysis material.The frequent utterance of parallelism no matter double parallelism or triadic parallelism is often seen as a rhetoric device which could affect hearers feelings and attitude.

        (1)...not Democrat or Republican,not left or right.

        (2)...Hillary is that she never buckles under pressure.She never takes the easy way out.And Hillary Clinton has never quit on anything in her life.

        (3)...when they go low,we go high.

        (4)(p9) And I am here tonight because in this election ...

        (p22) And I am here tonight because I know that ...

        (5)(p16) I want someone with the proven strength to persevere,someone who ...

        (p18) I want a president with a record of public service...

        (p20) I want a president who will teach our children that ...

        Using parallel structure in English could materialize certain functions: a) Brevity.In sentence (5),the speaker steered clear of political issues only with four nouns.b) Emphasis.In sentence (6),Michelle used syntactic form she/Hillary never three times for emphasizing Hillarys biggest merit —— never give up to anything.The strong and firm way of expression would also give the audience a strong feeling.c) Contrast.The effect of using parallel structure to represent contrastive ideas is more evident.In sentence (7),they and we,low and high have formed a strong contrast.Michelle here tried to emphasize that Barack Obama and she would never be the same as “those” people who behave bad and utter hateful language,because they know their children are watching them and thereby introduce the topic of whole speech ——children.

        Parallelism can also be an unnoticeable cohesive device to make the discourse more coherent.Through repetition of structure,larger stretches of discourse are connected.Example (8) and (9) are both parallel sentences between paragraphs.In (9),paragraph 16,18,20 initiate the text by the same syntax I want a president with/who to specify which kind of president is preferred by her.And paragraph 17,19,21 are further explanations of the previous paragraphs.Thus there comes very clear and coherent structure.Sentences in example (8) links a longer stretch of discourse from paragraph 9 to paragraph 22.The discourse parallelism are widely used in both speaking and written discourses.

        3 Political Speech: Say no More about Politics

        Obviously,this is a political speech.But the uniqueness of the discourse lies in that the speaker Michelle steered clear of conventional political questions like parties or anything related to ideology,but put forward a new perspective —— kids.Reasons can be explored from two aspects.On the one hand,Michelle uttered little about parties or ideology because of the roles identity between she and Hillary.Michelle is a first lady,Hillary was a first lady; Michelle was a lawyer,Hillary was a lawyer; they are females,they both come from Chicago and they are both democrats.Hillary and Michelle share many similarities especially with the same party.Therefore,it is quite wise to avoid mentioning party and ideology.On the other hand,the roles as both first lady and a mother drive and facilitate Michelle to address the speech from a new perspective and with a new topic,kids.She emphasized the education and fostering of new generation which is bound to the same concerning of all the families in United States,and at the same time,she maintained that the only standard for presidency is who can leave something better for our kids.Therefore,a model president is of vital importance.Foregrounding on that,praising or speaking highly of Hillarys merits of being caring and effective would be more acceptable and natural.This is especially true when making a comparison with the competitor Trump,whose public image is quite controversial,rash and baffling.So omitting the partisanship,and seeking common ground by putting forward a new angle,Michelle ingeniously united a larger range of citizens heart.

        Reference

        [1]林偉,楊玉晨.英語與篇分析[M].上海:復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社,2007.

        [2]Halliday M A K,Hasan R.Cohesion in English[J].Longman,1976.

        作者簡介

        王安琪(1993.07—),女,漢,黑龍江大慶人,東北師范大學(xué),碩士在讀,研究方向:語篇分析。

        猜你喜歡
        分析
        禽大腸桿菌病的分析、診斷和防治
        隱蔽失效適航要求符合性驗(yàn)證分析
        電力系統(tǒng)不平衡分析
        電子制作(2018年18期)2018-11-14 01:48:24
        電力系統(tǒng)及其自動化發(fā)展趨勢分析
        經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)下的均衡與非均衡分析
        對計(jì)劃生育必要性以及其貫徹實(shí)施的分析
        GB/T 7714-2015 與GB/T 7714-2005對比分析
        出版與印刷(2016年3期)2016-02-02 01:20:11
        網(wǎng)購中不良現(xiàn)象分析與應(yīng)對
        中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療抑郁癥100例分析
        偽造有價(jià)證券罪立法比較分析
        先锋影音人妻啪啪va资源网站| 久久精品国产亚洲片| 日韩中文字幕一区在线| 青青手机在线观看视频| 尤物网址在线观看| 五月天国产精品| 国产精品国产三级国产专区51区 | 8av国产精品爽爽ⅴa在线观看| 97自拍视频国产在线观看| 国产亚洲av另类一区二区三区| 亚洲精品久久久久中文字幕一福利| 久久久精品3d动漫一区二区三区| 蜜桃视频中文字幕一区二区三区| 国产亚洲精品视频一区二区三区| 亚洲精品久久久久中文字幕| 啪啪免费网站| 亚洲二区三区在线播放| 日韩人妖视频一区二区| 人人摸人人操| 产国语一级特黄aa大片| 白色白色白色在线观看视频 | 国产精品久久久久9999| 欧美亚洲精品一区二区| 熟妇与小伙子露脸对白| 白白色发布的在线视频| 人妻少妇精品无码专区动漫| 91天堂素人精品系列全集亚洲| 日本视频一区二区这里只有精品 | 粗了大了 整进去好爽视频| 亚洲av一区二区国产精品| 风韵人妻丰满熟妇老熟女视频| 国产揄拍国产精品| 精品国产群3p在线观看| 日本一区二区三区在线观看视频| 久久精品国产亚洲av无码偷窥| 日韩人妻精品无码一区二区三区| 极品av在线播放| 国产av一区二区三区在线播放| 2021久久精品国产99国产精品| 亚洲成在人线电影天堂色| 日本一区二区三区精品免费|